Aldolase A

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

Aldolase A

File:Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase 4ALD wpmp.png

Enzyme	Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase
PDB Code	PDB 4ALD
Organism	Human
Tissue	Muscle
Complexed molecules	fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Aldolase A is an enzyme which catalyses one of the aldol reactions: The substrate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) is broken down into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). This reaction is a part of glycolysis.

β-D-fructose 1,6-phosphate	fructose bisphosphate aldolase	D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate		dihydroxyacetone phosphate
			+




	fructose bisphosphate aldolase

Compound C05378 at KEGG Pathway Database.

Enzyme 4.1.2.13 at KEGG Pathway Database.
Compound C00111 at KEGG Pathway Database.
Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database.

The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate.

Mechanism[]

In mammalian aldolase the key catylitic amino acid residues involved in the reaction are lysine and tyrosine. The tyrosine acts as an efficient hydrogen acceptor while the lysine covalently binds and stabilizes the intermediates. Many bacteria use two magnesium ions in place of the lysine.

ALDO reaction — **The reaction mechanism of aldolase**.
The enzyme's reactive site amino acid's side chains are shown in blue.
Abbreviations: DHAP - dihydroxyacetone phosphate; Fru1,6bP - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; GAD - glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate;

External links[]

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Glycolysis Metabolic Pathway

Glucose

Glucose-6-phosphate

Fructose 6-phosphate

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

ATP

ADP

ATP

ADP

NAD⁺ + P_i

NADH + H⁺

+

2

NAD⁺ + P_i

NADH + H⁺

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

3-Phosphoglycerate

2-Phosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Pyruvate

Acetyl-CoA

ADP

ATP

H₂O

ADP

ATP

CoA + NAD⁺

NADH + H⁺ + CO₂

2

ADP

ATP

H₂O

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v·d·e Carbon-carbon lyases (EC 4.1)
4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases	Pyruvate decarboxylase -Oxaloacetate decarboxylase - Acetoacetate decarboxylase - Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase - Glutamate decarboxylase - Ornithine decarboxylase - Lysine decarboxylase - Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase - Histidine decarboxylase - Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase - Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase - Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase - RuBisCO - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases	Aldolase A/Aldolase B - 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase
4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase

v·d·e Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis/gluconeogenesis enzymes
Glycolysis	Glucokinase/Hexokinase/Glucose 6-phosphatase - Glucose isomerase - Phosphofructokinase 1/Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase - Aldolase - Triosephosphate isomerase - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Phosphoglycerate kinase - Phosphoglycerate mutase - Enolase - Pyruvate kinase
Gluconeogenesis only	Pyruvate carboxylase - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - from lactate (Cori cycle): Lactate dehydrogenase - from alanine (Alanine cycle): Alanine transaminase
Regulatory	Phosphofructokinase 2/Fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase - Bisphosphoglycerate mutase