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Anaplerotic reactions are those that form intermediates of the TCA or citric acid cycle. As this is a cycle, formation of any of the intermediates can be used to 'top up' the whole cycle. Anaplerotic is of Greek origin, meaning "to fill up".
There are 4 reactions classed as anaplerotic, although the production of oxaloacetate from pyruvate is probably the most important physiologically.
From | To | Reaction | Notes |
Pyruvate | oxaloacetate | pyruvate + CO2 + H2O + ATP oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi + 2H+ | This reaction is catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase, an enzyme activated by Acetyl-CoA, indicating a lack of oxaloacetate.
Pyruvate can also be converted to L-malate, another intermediate, in a similar way. |
Aspartate | oxaloacetate | - | This is a reversible reaction forming oxaloacetate from aspartate in a transamination reaction, via aspartate transaminase. |
Glutamate | α-ketoglutarate | glutamate + NAD+ + H2O NH4+ + α-ketoglutarate + NADH + H+. | This reaction is catalysed by glutamate-dehydrogenase. |
β-oxidation of fatty acids | succinyl-CoA | - | When odd-chain fatty acids are oxidized, one molecule of succinyl-CoA is formed per fatty acid. The final enzyme is methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. |
External links[]
- Owen O, Kalhan S, Hanson R (2002). The key role of anaplerosis and cataplerosis for citric acid cycle function. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (34): 30409-12.
- de:Anaplerotische Reaktionen
Metabolism: Citric acid cycle enzymes | |
---|---|
Cycle |
Citrate synthase - Aconitase - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase - Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase - Succinate - coenzyme Q reductase (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) - Fumarase - Malate dehydrogenase |
Anaplerotic |
Pyruvate carboxylase - Aspartate transaminase - Glutamate dehydrogenase - Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex |
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