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Educational Psychology: Assessment · Issues · Theory & research · Techniques · Techniques X subject · Special Ed. · Pastoral
Andragogy is a theory of adult education proposed by the American educator Malcolm Knowles (April 24, 1913 -- November 27, 1997).
Knowles held that androgogy (from the Greek words meaning "man-leading") should be distinguished from the more commonly taught pedagogy (Greek: "child-leading").
Knowles' theory can be stated as four simple postulates [1]:
- Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction.
- Experience (including mistakes) provides the basis for learning activities.
- Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance to their job or personal life.
- Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content-oriented.
Knowles' work (most notably the book Self-Directed Learning: A Guide for Learners and Teachers, published in 1975) has been controversial. To some, his proposed system states the obvious. To others, he has merely proposed an adaptation of existing child-learning theories.
See also[]
References[]
- Knowles, M. (1975). Self-Directed Learning. Chicago: Follet. ISBN 0842822151
- Knowles, M. (1984). The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species (3rd Ed.). Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing. ISBN 0884151158
- Knowles, M. (1984). Andragogy in Action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 0608217948
External links[]
- One of several useful pages on learning theories from the Theory into Practice Database
- Knowles' Curriculum Vita
- Biography from Informal Education
- Statement of principles by Dr. Knowles
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