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The third and fourth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) organized psychopathology using a "multiaxial" system, and describes the axes as "different domains of information" for use in clinical work. The American Psychiatric Association did away with the axis system for the DSM-5 because it could be duplicative and confusing.[1]
"Axis II" includes personality disorders and intellectual disability, and more generally is used to describe maladaptive aspects of personality, and defense mechanisms.
The five DSM axes are:[2]
- Axis I: major mental disorders, clinical disorders
- Axis II: personality disorders and intellectual disability
- Axis III: medical conditions contributing to the disorder
- Axis IV: psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder
- Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (on a scale from 100 to 0)
Within Axis II, 12 conditions are distinguished (many are commonly referred to by their acronyms):
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Dependent Personality Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
- Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
- Intellectual disability (formerly known as "mental retardation")
These conditions are not mutually exclusive. The DSM notes that it is common for a patient to have more than one Axis II condition.
See also[]
- Coolidge Axis II Inventory
- Personality disorders
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References[]
- ↑ DSM-5 Changes: Personality Disorders (Axis II), Psych Central
- ↑ What Is the DSM-IV Multi-Axial System?, VeryWell Mind