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| Birth trauma | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | P10–P15 |
Birth trauma is any damage to the neonate's body structure or function due to events during birth. It includes birth asphyxia.
Birth trauma can refer to:
- The theorized psychological trauma of childbirth, as described at Pre- and perinatal psychology
- The physical trauma of childbirth, as described at ICD-10 codes P10-P15:
(P10-P15) Birth trauma[]
- (P10) Intracranial laceration and haemorrhage due to birth injury
- (P11) Other birth injuries to central nervous system
- (P12) Birth injury to scalp
- (P120) Cephalhaematoma due to birth injury
- (P13) Birth injury to skeleton
- (P14) Birth injury to peripheral nervous system
- (P140) Erb's paralysis due to birth injury
- (P141) Klumpke's paralysis due to birth injury
- (P142) Phrenic nerve paralysis due to birth injury
- (P143) Other brachial plexus birth injuries
- (P148) Birth injuries to other parts of peripheral nervous system
- (P149) Birth injury to peripheral nervous system, unspecified
- (P15) Other birth injuries
Signs and symptoms[]
Sequelae can occur in both the mother and the infant after a traumatic birth.
Infant[]
Well any number of injuries may occur during the birthing process. A number of specific conditions are well described. Brachial plexus palsy occurs in 0.4 to 5.1 infants per 1000 live birth.[1] Head trauma during delivery can lead to a number of conditions include: caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, subgaleal hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, and intraventricular hemorrhage.
The most common fracture during delivery is that of the clavicle (0.5%).[2]
Mother[]
Rates of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as high as 5.9% have been reported.[3]
Causes[]
Risk factors include vacuum extraction and the use of forceps.[4]
Psychological sequelea[]
Effects on the child[]
Effects on the mother[]
A very painful labour, particularly if it produces longer term incapacity, for example reqiring intensive care, can disrupt the formation of the maternal bond
Physical effects on the child[]
The physical effects of these complication and consequent birth trauma can lead to deformation of the head. This may affect the brain and cause intellectual disability and/or neurological disorders.
See also[]
- Birth Trauma Association
- Birth anoxia
- Fetal distress
- Obstetrical complications
- Postsurgical complications
- Pre- and perinatal psychology
- Pregnancy
- Premature birth
- Postmature birth
Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O, 630-676) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complications of pregnancy |
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| Obstetric labor complications |
Preterm birth · Postmature birth · Cephalopelvic disproportion · Dystocia (Shoulder dystocia) · Fetal distress · Vasa praevia · | ||||||||||
| Puerperal disorders |
Puerperal fever · Peripartum cardiomyopathy · Postpartum thyroiditis · Galactorrhea · Postpartum depression · | ||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Template:Obstetric navs | |||||||||||
Epidemiology[]
Birth trauma is uncommon in the Western world in relation to rates in the third world. In the West injury occurs in 1.1% of C-sections.[5]
See also[]
References[1][]
- ↑ Andersen J, Watt J, Olson J, Van Aerde J (February 2006). Perinatal brachial plexus palsy. Paediatr Child Health 11 (2): 93–100.
- ↑ Beall MH, Ross MG (December 2001). Clavicle fracture in labor: risk factors and associated morbidities. J Perinatol 21 (8): 513–5.
- ↑ Beck CT (2009). Birth trauma and its sequelae. J Trauma Dissociation 10 (2): 189–203.
- ↑ Demissie K, Rhoads GG, Smulian JC, et al. (July 2004). Operative vaginal delivery and neonatal and infant adverse outcomes: population based retrospective analysis. BMJ 329 (7456): 24–9.
- ↑ Alexander JM, Leveno KJ, Hauth J, et al. (October 2006). Fetal injury associated with cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol 108 (4): 885–90.