Psychology Wiki

Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual differences | Personality | Philosophy | Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |

Cognitive Psychology: Attention · Decision making · Learning · Judgement · Memory · Motivation · Perception · Reasoning · Thinking  - Cognitive processes Cognition - Outline Index


This article is in need of attention from a psychologist/academic expert on the subject.
Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself if you are qualified.
This banner appears on articles that are weak and whose contents should be approached with academic caution.

In operant conditioning delayed alternation refers to the alternation of rewards, especially in maze learning, where a delay is implemented between trials. This requires the subject to alternate their responses in order to gain the reward.

Neuroanatomy[]

Neurochemistry[]

Effects of drugs[]

Effects of alcohol[]

See also[]

References & Bibliography[]

Key texts[]

Books[]

Papers[]

  • Alber, S. A., & Strupp, B. J. (1996). An in-depth analysis of lead effects in a delayed spatial alternation task: Assessment of mnemonic effects, side bias, and proactive interference: Neurotoxicology and Teratology Vol 18(1) Jan-Feb 1996, 3-15.
  • Ambrose, M. L., Bowden, S. C., & Whelan, G. (2001). Working memory impairments in alcohol-dependent participants without clinical amnesia: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research Vol 25(2) Feb 2001, 185-191.
  • Bardenhagen, F. J., Oscar-Berman, M., & Bowden, S. C. (2007). Rule knowledge aids performance on spatial and object alternation tasks by alcoholic patients with and without Korsakoff's amnesia: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Vol 3(6) 2007, 907-918.
  • Bauman, R. A., & Kant, G. J. (1995). Time cost of alternation reduced demand for food in a closed economy: Physiology & Behavior Vol 57(6) Jun 1995, 1187-1193.
  • Bauman, R. A., Widholm, J. J., Ghosh, S., & Kant, G. J. (1998). Sustained stress disrupts the performance and acquisition of delayed alternation in rats: Physiology & Behavior Vol 64(4) Jun 1998, 507-512.
  • Belhaoues, R., Soumireu-Mourat, B., Caverni, J. P., & Roman, F. S. (2005). A novel experimental paradigm for studying cognitive functions related to delayed response tasks in mice: Cognitive Brain Research Vol 23(2-3) May 2005, 199-206.
  • Bonney, K. R., & Wynne, C. D. L. (2002). Visual discrimination learning and strategy behavior in the fat-tailed dunnarts ( Sminthopsis crassicaudata ): Journal of Comparative Psychology Vol 116(1) Mar 2002, 55-62.
  • Borde, N., Jaffard, R., & Beracochea, D. J. (1996). Effects of methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate on memory impairments induced by chronic alcohol consumption in mice: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 20(8) Nov 1996, 1377-1387.
  • Carter, C. S., Freeman, J. H., & Stanton, M. E. (1995). Neonatal medial prefrontal lesions and recovery of spatial delayed alternation in the rat: Effects of delay interval: Developmental Psychobiology Vol 28(5) Jul 1995, 269-279.
  • Delatour, B., & Gisquet-Verrier, P. (1996). Prelimbic cortex specific lesions disrupt delayed-variable response tasks in the rat: Behavioral Neuroscience Vol 110(6) Dec 1996, 1282-1298.
  • Dreher, J.-C., Guigon, E., & Burnod, Y. (2002). A model of prefrontal cortex dopaminergic modulation during the delayed alternation task: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol 14(6) Aug 2002, 853-865.
  • Freedman, M. (1994). Frontal and parietal lobe dysfunction in depression: Delayed alternation and tactile learning deficits: Neuropsychologia Vol 32(8) Aug 1994, 1015-1025.
  • Futter, J. E., & Aggleton, J. P. (2006). How rats perform spatial working memory tasks: Limitations in the use of egocentric and idiothetic working memory: The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol 59(1) Jan 2006, 77-99.
  • Gagliardo, A., Bonadonna, F., & Divac, I. (1996). Behavioural effects of ablations of the presumed "prefrontal cortex" or the corticoid in pigeons: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 78(2) Aug 1996, 155-162.
  • Gisquet-Verrier, P., Winocur, G., & Delatour, B. (2000). Functional dissociation between dorsal and ventral regions of the medial prefrontal cortex in rats: Psychobiology Vol 28(2) Jun 2000, 248-260.
  • Gold, J. M., Berman, K. F., Randolph, C., Goldberg, T. E., & Weinberger, D. R. (1996). PET validation of a novel prefrontal task: Delayed response alteration: Neuropsychology Vol 10(1) Jan 1996, 3-10.
  • Hatcher, J. P., Loudon, J. M., Hagan, J. J., & Clark, M. S. G. (1998). Sabcomeline (SB-202026), a functionally selective M-sub-1 receptor partial agonist, reverses delay-induced deficits in the T-maze: Psychopharmacology Vol 138(3-4) Aug 1998, 275-282.
  • Herremans, A. H. J., Hijzen, T. H., Olivier, B., & Slangen, J. L. (1995). Cholinergic drug effects on a delayed conditional discrimination task in the rat: Behavioral Neuroscience Vol 109(3) Jun 1995, 426-435.
  • Jha, A. P., Fabian, S. A., & Aguirre, G. K. (2004). The role of prefrontal cortex in resolving distractor interference: Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Vol 4(4) Dec 2004, 517-527.
  • Le Marec, N., Beaulieu, I., & Godbout, R. (2001). Four hours of paradoxical sleep deprivation impairs alternation performance in a water maze in the rat: Brain and Cognition Vol 46(1-2) Jun-Jul 2001, 195-197.
  • Levin, E. D., Christopher, N. C., & Briggs, S. J. (1997). Chronic nicotinic agonist and antagonist effects on T-maze alternation: Physiology & Behavior Vol 61(6) Jun 1997, 863-866.
  • Levin, H. S., Culhane, K. A., Fletcher, J. M., Mendelsohn, D. B., & et al. (1994). Dissociation between delayed alternation and memory after pediatric head injury: Relationship to MRI findings: Journal of Child Neurology Vol 9(1) Jan 1994, 81-89.
  • Ludvig, E. A., & Staddon, J. E. R. (2005). The effects of interval duration on temporal tracking and alternation learning: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Vol 83(3) May 2005, 243-262.
  • Mao, J.-B., & Robinson, J. K. (1998). Microinjection of GABA-A agonist muscimol into the dorsal but not the ventral hippocampus impairs non-mnemonic measures of delayed non-matching-to-position performance in rats: Brain Research Vol 784(1-2) Feb 1998, 139-147.
  • Markowska, A. L., Koliatsos, V. E., Breckler, S. J., Price, D. L., & et al. (1994). Human nerve growth factor improves spatial memory in aged but not in young rats: Journal of Neuroscience Vol 14(8) Aug 1994, 4815-4824.
  • Markowski, V. P., Cox, C., Preston, R., & Weiss, B. (2002). Impaired cued delay alternation behavior in adult rat offspring following exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on gestation day 15: Neurotoxicology and Teratology Vol 24(2) Mar-Apr 2002, 209-218.
  • Maruki, K., Izaki, Y., Hori, K., Nomura, M., & Yamauchi, T. (2001). Effects of rat ventral and dorsal hippocampus temporal inactivation on delayed alternation task: Brain Research Vol 895(1-2) Mar 2001, 273-276.
  • Meneses, S., Galicia, O., & Brailowsky, S. (1993). Chronic infusions of GABA into the medial prefrontal cortex induce spatial alternation deficits in aged rats: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 57(1) Oct 1993, 1-7.
  • Mogensen, J., Boyd, M. H., Nielsen, M. D., Kristensen, R. S., & Mala, H. (2008). Erythropoietin improves spatial delayed alternation in a T-maze in rats subjected to ablation of the prefrontal cortex: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 77(1) Sep 2008, 1-7.
  • Mogensen, J., & Divac, I. (1993). Behavioural effects of ablation of the pigeon-equivalent of the mammalian prefrontal cortex: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 55(1) May 1993, 101-107.
  • Mogensen, J., Hjortkjaer, J., Ibervang, K. L., Stedal, K., & Mala, H. (2007). Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in posttraumatic functional recovery: Spatial delayed alternation by rats subjected to transection of the fimbria--fornix and/or ablation of the prefrontal cortex: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 73(1-3) Jun 2007, 86-95.
  • Moritz, S., Fricke, S., Wagner, M., & Hand, I. (2001). Further evidence for delayed alternation deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Vol 189(8) Aug 2001, 562-564.
  • Neave, N., Lloyd, S., Sahgal, A., & Aggleton, J. P. (1994). Lack of effect of lesions in the anterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex on certain tests of spatial memory in the rat: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 65(1) Nov 1994, 89-101.
  • Papadimitriou, A., & Wynne, C. D. L. (1999). Preserved negative patterning and impaired spatial learning in pigeons (Columba livia) with lesions of the hippocampus: Behavioral Neuroscience Vol 113(4) Aug 1999, 683-690.
  • Peinado-Manzano, M., & Pozo-Garcia, R. (1996). Retrograde amnesia in rats with dorsomedial thalamic damage: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 80(1-2) Oct 1996, 177-184.
  • Reynolds, B., & Schiffbauer, R. (2004). Measuring state changes in human delay discounting: An experiential discounting task: Behavioural Processes Vol 67(3) Nov 2004, 343-356.
  • Roegge, C. S., Widholm, J. J., Engeseth, N. J., Wang, X., Brosch, K. O., Seegal, R. F., et al. (2005). Delayed spatial alternation impairments in adult rats following dietary n - 6 deficiency during development: Neurotoxicology and Teratology Vol 27(3) May-Jun 2005, 485-495.
  • Rosvold, H. E., & Delgado, J. M. R. (1956). The effect on delayed-alternation test performance of stimulating or destroying electrically structures within the frontal lobes of the monkey's brain: Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology Vol 49(4) Aug 1956, 365-372.
  • Roux, S., Hubert, I., Lenegre, A., Milinkevitch, D., & et al. (1994). Effects of piracetam on indices of cognitive function in a delayed alternation task in young and aged rats: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 49(3) Nov 1994, 683-688.
  • Ryou, J.-W., & Wilson, F. A. W. (2004). Making your next move: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and planning a sequence of actions in freely moving monkeys: Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience Vol 4(4) Dec 2004, 430-443.
  • Sanchez-Santed, F., de Bruin, J. P. C., Heinsbroek, R. P. W., & Verwer, R. W. H. (1997). Spatial delayed alternation of rats in a T-maze: Effects of neurotoxic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex and of T-maze rotations: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 84(1-2) Mar 1997, 73-79.
  • Soriano-Mas, C., Redolar-Ripoll, D., Aldavert-Vera, L., Morgado-Bernal, I., & Segura-Torres, P. (2005). Post-training intracranial self-stimulation facilitates a hippocampus-dependent task: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 160(1) May 2005, 141-147.
  • Spinella, M. (2002). Correlations among behavioral measures of orbitofrontal function: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 112(11) Nov 2002, 1359-1369.
  • Tanila, H., Rama, P., & Carlson, S. (1996). The effects of prefrontal intracortical microinjections of an alpha-2 agonist, alpha-2 antagonist and lidocaine on the delayed alternation performance of aged rats: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 40(2) 1996, 117-119.
  • Thomas, J. D., Wasserman, E. A., West, J. R., & Goodlett, C. R. (1996). Behavioral deficits induced by bingelike exposure to alcohol in neonatal rats: Importance of developmental timing and number of episodes: Developmental Psychobiology Vol 29(5) Jul 1996, 433-452.
  • Verin, M., Partiot, A., Pillon, B., Malapani, C., & et al. (1993). Delayed response tasks and prefrontal lesions in man: Evidence for self-generated patterns of behaviour with poor environmental modulation: Neuropsychologia Vol 31(12) Dec 1993, 1379-1396.
  • Verma, A., & Moghaddam, B. (1996). NMDA receptor antagonists impair prefrontal cortex function as assessed via spatial delayed alternation performance in rats: Modulation by dopamine: Journal of Neuroscience Vol 16(1) Jan 1996, 373-379.
  • Watanabe, M., Kodama, T., & Hikosaka, K. (1997). Increase of extracellular dopamine in primate prefrontal cortex during a working memory task: Journal of Neurophysiology Vol 78(5) Nov 1997, 2795-2798.
  • Wenk, G. L., Stoehr, J. D., Mobley, S. L., Gurney, J., & et al. (1996). Age-related decrease in vulnerability to excitatory amino acids in the nucleus basalis: Neurobiology of Aging Vol 17(1) Jan-Feb 1996, 1-7.
  • White, A., & Dunnett, S. B. (2006). Fronto-striatal disconnection disrupts operant delayed alternation performance in the rat: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 17(4) Mar 2006, 435-441.
  • Wiley, J. L., Buhler, K. G., Lavecchia, K. L., & Johnson, K. M. (2003). Pharmacological challenge reveals long-term effects of perinatal phencyclidine on delayed spatial alternation in rats: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 27(5) Aug 2003, 867-873.
  • Williams, F. E., White, D., & Messer, W. S., Jr. (2002). A simple spatial alternation task for assessing memory function in zebrafish: Behavioural Processes Vol 58(3) Jun 2002, 125-132.
  • Wortwein, G., Mogensen, J., & Divac, I. (1994). Retention and relearning of spatial delayed alternation in rats after ablation of the prefrontal or total non-prefrontal isocortex: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 63(2) Aug 1994, 127-131.
  • Zald, D. H., Curtis, C., Folley, B. S., & Pardo, J. V. (2002). Prefrontal contributions to delayed spatial and object alternation: A positron emission tomography study: Neuropsychology Vol 16(2) Apr 2002, 182-189.


Additional material[]

Books[]

Papers[]

External links[]

Learning
Types of learning
Avoidance conditioning | Classical conditioning | Confidence-based learning | Discrimination learning | Emulation | Experiential learning | Escape conditioning | Incidental learning |Intentional learning | Latent learning | Maze learning | Mastery learning | Mnemonic learning | Nonassociative learning | Nonreversal shift learning | Nonsense syllable learning | Nonverbal learning | Observational learning | Omission training | Operant conditioning | Paired associate learning | Perceptual motor learning | Place conditioning | Probability learning | Rote learning | Reversal shift learning | Second-order conditioning | Sequential learning | Serial anticipation learning | Serial learning | Skill learning | Sidman avoidance conditioning | Social learning | Spatial learning | State dependent learning | Social learning theory | State-dependent learning | Trial and error learning | Verbal learning 
Concepts in learning theory
Chaining | Cognitive hypothesis testing | Conditioning | Conditioned responses | Conditioned stimulus | Conditioned suppression | Constant time delay | Counterconditioning | Covert conditioning | Counterconditioning | Delayed alternation | Delay reduction hypothesis | Discriminative response | Distributed practice |Extinction | Fast mapping | Gagné's hierarchy | Generalization (learning) | Generation effect (learning) | Habits | Habituation | Imitation (learning) | Implicit repetition | Interference (learning) | Interstimulus interval | Intermittent reinforcement | Latent inhibition | Learning schedules | Learning rate | Learning strategies | Massed practice | Modelling | Negative transfer | Overlearning | Practice | Premack principle | Preconditioning | Primacy effect | Primary reinforcement | Principles of learning | Prompting | Punishment | Recall (learning) | Recency effect | Recognition (learning) | Reconstruction (learning) | Reinforcement | Relearning | Rescorla-Wagner model | Response | Reinforcement | Secondary reinforcement | Sensitization | Serial position effect | Serial recall | Shaping | Stimulus | Reinforcement schedule | Spontaneous recovery | State dependent learning | Stimulus control | Stimulus generalization | Transfer of learning | Unconditioned responses | Unconditioned stimulus 
Animal learning
Cat learning | Dog learning  Rat learning 
Neuroanatomy of learning
Neurochemistry of learning
Adenylyl cyclase  
Learning in clinical settings
Applied Behavior Analysis | Behaviour therapy | Behaviour modification | Delay of gratification | CBT | Desensitization | Exposure Therapy | Exposure and response prevention | Flooding | Graded practice | Habituation | Learning disabilities | Reciprocal inhibition therapy | Systematic desensitization | Task analysis | Time out 
Learning in education
Adult learning | Cooperative learning | Constructionist learning | Experiential learning | Foreign language learning | Individualised instruction | Learning ability | Learning disabilities | Learning disorders | Learning Management | Learning styles | Learning theory (education) | Learning through play | School learning | Study habits 
Machine learning
Temporal difference learning | Q-learning 
Philosophical context of learning theory
Behaviourism | Connectionism | Constructivism | Functionalism | Logical positivism | Radical behaviourism 
Prominant workers in Learning Theory|-
Pavlov | Hull | Tolman | Skinner | Bandura | Thorndike | Skinner | Watson 
Miscellaneous|-
Category:Learning journals | Melioration theory 
edit