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Dementia generally affects people with Down syndrome earlier than with other members of the public.
Causes[]
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Some people believe that aging is accelerated in Down syndrome. According to the "epigenetic clock" of tissue biomarkers, Down syndrome might increase the age of blood and brain tissue by 6.6 years on average.[1] In Down syndrome, dementia often comes from excessive amyloid beta peptide buildup in the brain, similar to typical Alzheimer's disease.[2] By age 35, many people with Down syndrome have senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, even if signs of dementia are not yet present.[3] Experts believe that people with Down syndrome have fewer lymphocytes and produce fewer antibodies, leading to an increased infection risk.[4]
Treatment[]
Treatment of dementia in Down syndrome is similar to treatment of dementia in the general population. There is no evidence supporting use of:
- Donepezil[5]
- Galantamine[6]
- Memantine[7]
- Rivastigmine[8]
See also[]
- Caregiving and dementia
- Dementia in people with intellectual disabilities
- Down syndrome
- Dementia
- Wandering in dementia
References[]
- ↑ , Horvath S, Garagnani P, Bacalini MG, Pirazzini C, Salvioli S, Gentilini D, Di Blasio AM, Giuliani C, Tung S, Vinters HV, Franceschi C (June 2015) Accelerated epigenetic aging in Down syndrome. Aging Cell 14 (3): 491–495. DOI: 10.1111/acel.12325. PMID: 25678027.
- ↑ , Weksler ME, Szabo P, Relkin NR, Reidenberg MM, Weksler BB, Coppus AM (April 2013) Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome: treating two paths to dementia. Autoimmunity Reviews 12 (6): 670–673. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.10.013. PMID: 23201920.
- ↑ (2010) "Pathophysiology of Selected Genetic Diseases" Pathophysiology of disease: an introduction to clinical medicine, 6th, Chapter 2, New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- ↑ , Hickey F, Hickey E, Summar KL (2012). Medical update for children with Down syndrome for the pediatrician and family practitioner. Advances in Pediatrics 59 (1): 137–157. DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2012.04.006. PMID: 22789577.
- ↑ , Mohan M, Carpenter PK, Bennett C (January 2009) Donepezil for dementia in people with Down syndrome. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 (1): CD007178. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007178.pub2. PMID: 19160328.
- ↑ , Mohan M, Bennett C, Carpenter PK (January 2009) Rivastigmine for dementia in people with Down syndrome. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 (1): CD007658. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007658. PMID: 19160344.
- ↑ , Mohan M, Bennett C, Carpenter PK (January 2009) Memantine for dementia in people with Down syndrome. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 (1): CD007657. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007657. PMID: 19160343.
- ↑ , Mohan M, Bennett C, Carpenter PK (January 2009) Galantamine for dementia in people with Down syndrome. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 (1): CD007656. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007656. PMID: 19160342.