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Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
| Brain: Dentate gyrus | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Diagram of hippocampal regions. DG: Dentate gyrus. | ||
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| Coronal section of brain immediately in front of pons. (Label for "Gyrus dentatus" is at bottom left.) | ||
| Latin | gyrus dentatus | |
| Gray's | subject #189 827 | |
| Part of | ||
| Components | ||
| Artery | ||
| Vein | ||
| BrainInfo/UW | hier-161 | |
| MeSH | A08.186.211.577.405.200 | |
The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal formation. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of subfield CA3 of the hippocampus. The granule cells, principal excitatory neurons in the dentate gyrus, receive inputs from areas in the neocortex. Most of these inputs are provided by the perforant path, the axons of spiny stellate cells at the entorhinal cortex. The perforant path is divided in the medial perforant path and the lateral perforant path generated respectively at the medial and lateral portions of the entorhinal cortex. The medial perforant path synapses onto the proximal dendritic area of the granule cells, while the lateral perforant path does it onto the distal dendrites of these same cells.
The dentate gyrus is also one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis takes place. Neurogenesis is thought to play a role in the formation of new memories. It has also been found to be increased in response to both antidepressants and physical exercise. This implies that neurogenesis may improve symptoms of depression.
The dentate gyrus plays a role in recognizing the differences that make each place unique. Thus, damage to the dentate gyrus can play a role in déjà vu.[1]
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- Bliss, T. V. P. and Lomo, T. (1973). Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path , Journal of Physiology 232, 331-56
- Ikegaya, Y., Saito, H. and Abe, K. (1995). Requirement of basolateral amygdale neuron activity for the induction of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in vivo , Brain Research 67, 351-4
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