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An esterase is a hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis.
A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biological function.
EC classification/list of enzymes[]
- Acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), splits off acetyl groups
- Cholinesterase
- Acetylcholinesterase, inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
- Pseudocholinesterase, broad substrate specificity, found in the blood plasma and in the liver
- Cholinesterase
- Acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), splits off acetyl groups
- EC 3.1.2: Thiolester hydrolases
- Thioesterase
- Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
- Thioesterase
- EC 3.1.3: Phosphoric monoester hydrolases
- Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.x), hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and an alcohol
- Alkaline phosphatase, removes phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids.
- Phosphodiesterase (PDE), inactivates the second messenger cAMP
- cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, is inhibited by Sildenafil (Viagra)
- Fructose bisphosphatase (3.1.3.11), converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis
- Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.x), hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and an alcohol
- EC 3.1.4: Phosphoric diester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.5: Triphosphoric monoester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.6: Sulfuric ester hydrolases (sulfatases)
- EC 3.1.7: Diphosphoric monoester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.8: Phosphoric triester hydrolases
- Exonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases)
- EC 3.1.11: Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.13: Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.14: Exoribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.15: Exonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxy-
- Endonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases)
- Endodeoxyribonuclease
- Endoribonuclease
- either deoxy- or ribo-
See also[]
- Enzyme
- List of enzymes
- Carboxylic acid
- Ester
- Hydroxylases
- Leukocyte esterase
- Hemagglutinin esterase
- Nuclease
External links[]
Proteins: enzymes | |
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Topics |
Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes |
Types |
EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list |
Hydrolase: esterases (EC 3.1) | |
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3.1.1: Carboxylic ester hydrolases |
Cholinesterase - Pectinesterase - 6-phosphogluconolactonase - PAF acetylhydrolase Lipase (Gastric/Lingual, Pancreatic, Lysosomal, Hormone-sensitive, Endothelial, Hepatic, Lipoprotein, Monoacylglycerol, Diacylglycerol) Phospholipase (A1, A2, B) |
3.1.2: Thioesterase |
Palmitoyl thioesterase - Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 |
3.1.3: Phosphatase |
Alkaline phosphatase - Acid phosphatase (Prostatic)/Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase/Purple acid phosphatases - Nucleotidase - Glucose 6-phosphatase - Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase -
Calcineurin - Phosphoprotein phosphatase (PP2A) - OCRL - Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase - Protein tyrosine phosphatase - PTEN |
3.1.4: Phosphodiesterase |
Autotaxin - Phospholipase (C, D) - Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase - PDE1 - PDE2 - PDE3 - PDE5 |
3.1.6: Sulfatase |
Arylsulfatase B - Steroid sulfatase - Galactosamine-6 sulfatase - Arylsulfatase A - Iduronate-2-sulfatase - N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase |
other |
Nuclease |
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