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External rotation (an aspect of lateral rotation) is rotation away from the center of the body, also known as extorsion.

The muscles of external rotation include:

  • of arm/humerus at shoulder[1]
    • Deltoid muscle
    • Infraspinatus
    • Teres minor
  • of thigh/femur at hip [2]
    • Gluteus maximus
    • Lateral rotator group
      • piriformis
      • gemellus superior
      • obturator internus
      • gemellus inferior
      • obturator externus
      • quadratus femoris
    • Sartorius
    • Obturator externus

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