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Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
- See also: Assisted reproductive technology
Fertility medication is a method of fertility enhancement, drugs that enhances fertility. For women, fertility medication is used to stimulate follicle development of the ovary. For males, on the other hand, there are very few options of fertility medication.
Agents that enhance ovarian activity can be classified as either Gonadotropin releasing hormone, Estrogen antagonists or Gonadotropins.
Female[]
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone[]
- Main article: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Either Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) itself or any of its agonists (i.e. Lupron) may be used. GnRH releases gonadotropins from the hypothalamus in the body.
Estrogen antagonists[]
Fertility medication inhibiting the effects of estrogen includes Clomiphene citrate and Aromatase inhibitors.
Clomiphene citrate[]
- Main article: Clomiphene citrate
Clomiphene citrate is a SERM. It inhibits the negative feedback of estrogen and therefore stimulates ovulation.
Aromatase inhibitors[]
- Main article: Aromatase inhibitor
Although primarily a breast cancer treatment, aromatase inhibitors can also work as fertility medication, probably by a mechanism similar to clomiphene citrate.
Gonadotropins[]
- Main article: Gonadotropins
Gonadotropins are the hormones in the body that normally stimulate the gonads (testes and ovaries). For medication, they can be extracted from urine or by genetic modification.
Menotropins[]
- Main article: Menotropins
Menotropins are urinary gonadotropins, i.e. they are extracted from the urine.
Recombinant gonadotropins[]
Recombinant gonadotropins are gonadotropins created by inserting the DNA coding it into bacteriae. The bacterial DNA is then called Recombinant DNA. Examples of recombinant FSH are Follistim and Gonal F, while Luveris is a recombinant LH.
Human chorionic gonadotropin[]
- Main article: Human chorionic gonadotropin#Use as medication
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is normally produced during pregnancy. However, it can also replace LH as a fertility medication.
Other[]
hMG is a medication containing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Male[]
There is no effective medication to treat oligospermia, so other assisted reproductive technologies need to be used.
Adverse effects[]
Estrogen antagonists and gonadotropins may stimulate multiple follicles and other ovarian hormones leading to multiple birth and possible ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
See also[]
References[]
Template:Pregnancy
fr:Liste de médicaments liés à la fertilité