List of regions of the human brain

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

Neuropsychology

Topics

Brain functions

Arousal • Attention
Concentration • Consciousness
Decision-making • Executive functions
Language • Learning • Memory
Motor coordination • Perception
Planning • Problem solving
Thinking

People

Arthur L. Benton • Antonio Damasio
Phineas Gage • Norman Geschwind
Donald Hebb • Alexander Luria •
Muriel D. Lezak • Brenda Milner
Karl Pribram • Oliver Sacks
Roger Sperry

Tests

Bender-Gestalt Test
Benton Visual Retention Test
Clinical Dementia Rating
Continuous Performance Task
Hayling and Brixton tests
Lexical decision task
Mini mental state examination
Stroop task
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Wisconsin card sorting task

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Anatomical regions of the brain are listed vertically, following hierarchies that are standard in neuroanatomy. Functional, connective, and developmental regions are listed horizontally in parentheses where appropriate.

Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)[]

Myelencephalon[]

Medulla oblongata

Metencephalon[]

Pons
- Respiratory centres
  - Pneumotaxic centre
  - Apneustic centre
- Pontine cranial nerve nuclei
  - chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V)
  - Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V)
  - Abducens nucleus (VI)
  - Facial nerve nucleus (VII)
  - vestibulocochlear nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII)
  - Superior salivatory nucleus
- Cerebellar peduncles
Paramedian pontine reticular formation
Fourth ventricle
Cerebellum

Midbrain (mesencephalon)[]

Tectum
- Corpora quadrigemina
  - inferior colliculi
  - superior colliculi
Pretectum
Cerebral peduncle
Mesencephalic duct (cerebral aqueduct, aqueduct of Sylvius)

Forebrain (prosencephalon)[]

Diencephalon[]

Epithalamus[]

Third ventricle[]

Thalamus[]

Anterior nuclear group
Medial nuclear group
- Medial dorsal nucleus
- Midline nuclear group
- Paratenial nucleus
- Reuniens nucleus
- Rhomboidal nucleus
- Intralaminar nuclear group
- Centromedial nucleus
- Parafascicular nucleus
- Paracentral nucleus
- Central lateral nucleus
- Central medial nucleus
Lateral nuclear group
Ventral nuclear group
Metathalamus
- Medial geniculate body
- Lateral geniculate body
Thalamic reticular nucleus

Hypothalamus (limbic system) (HPA axis)[]

Anterior
- Medial area
  - Parts of preoptic area
    - Medial preoptic nucleus
  - Suprachiasmatic nucleus
  - Paraventricular nucleus
  - Supraoptic nucleus (mainly)
  - Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
- Lateral area
  - Parts of preoptic area
    - Lateral preoptic nucleus
  - Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
  - Part of supraoptic nucleus
- Other nuclei of preoptic area
  - median preoptic nucleus
  - periventricular preoptic nucleus
Tuberal
- Medial area
- Lateral area
  - Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
  - Lateral tuberal nuclei
Posterior
- Medial area
  - Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies)
  - Posterior nucleus
- Lateral area
  - Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
Optic chiasm
Subfornical organ
Periventricular nucleus
Pituitary stalk
Tuber cinereum
- Tuberal nucleus
- Tuberomamillary nucleus
Tuberal region
Mammillary bodies
Mammillary nucleus

Subthalamus(HPA axis)[]

Thalamic nucleus
Zona incerta

Pituitary gland (HPA axis)[]

neurohypophysis
Intermediate pituitary
adenohypophysis

Telencephalon (cerebrum) Cerebral hemispheres[]

Red:Frontal lobe

red:frontal lobe
orange:parietal lobe
yellow:occipital lobe
green: temporal lobe
blue:cerebellum
black:brainstem

White matter[]

Subcortical[]

Hippocampus (Medial Temporal Lobe)
- Dentate gyrus
- Cornu ammonis (CA fields)
  - Cornu ammonis area 1
  - Cornu ammonis area 2
  - Cornu ammonis area 3
  - Cornu ammonis area 4
Amygdala (limbic system) (limbic lobe)
- Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system)
- Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system)
- Cortical and basomedial nuclei (main olfactory system)
- LateralTemplate:Disambiguation needed and basolateral nuclei (frontotemporal cortical system)
Claustrum
Basal ganglia
- Striatum
  - Dorsal striatum
    - Putamen
    - Caudate nucleus
  - Ventral striatum
    - Nucleus accumbens
    - Olfactory tubercle
- Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen)
- Subthalamic nucleus

Rhinencephalon (paleopallium)[]

Cerebral cortex (neopallium)[]

Frontal lobe
- Cortex
  - Primary motor cortex (Precentral gyrus, M1)
  - Supplementary motor cortex
  - Premotor cortex
  - Prefrontal cortex
- Gyri
- Brodmann areas: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 32, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47
Parietal lobe
- Cortex
- Gyri
  - Postcentral gyrus (Primary somesthetic area)
- Other
  - Precuneus
- Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3 (Primary somesthetic area); 5, 7, 23, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40
Occipital lobe
- Cortex
  - Primary visual cortex (V1)
  - V2
  - V3
  - V4
  - V5/MT
- Gyri
  - Lateral occipital gyrus
- Other
  - Cuneus
- Brodmann areas 17 (V1, primary visual cortex); 18, 19
Temporal lobe
- Cortex
  - Primary auditory cortex (A1)
  - secondary auditory cortex (A2)
  - Inferior temporal cortex
  - Posterior inferior temporal cortex
- Gyri
- Brodmann areas: 9, 20, 21, 22, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42
- Other
  - Medial superior temporal area (MST)
Insular cortex
Cingulate cortex
- Anterior cingulate
- Posterior cingulate
- Retrosplenial cortex
- Indusium griseum
- Subgenual area 25
- Brodmann areas 23, 24; 26, 29, 30 (retrosplenial areas); 31, 32

Neural pathways[]

Major dopamine pathways dopamine system

Serotonin Pathways serotonin system
- Raphe Nuclei

Motor systems[]

Extrapyramidal system
Pyramidal tract
Alpha system
Gamma system

Nerves[]

Brain stem
- Cranial nerves
  - Terminal (0)
  - Olfactory (I)
  - Optic (II)
  - Oculomotor (III)
  - Trochlear (IV)
  - Trigeminal (V)
  - Abducens (VI)
  - Facial (VII)
  - Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
  - Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  - Vagus (X)
  - Accessory (XI)
  - Hypoglossal (XII)

Neuroendocrine systems[]

HPA axis

Vascular systems[]

Dural meningeal system[]

Brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
Meningeal coverings
Epidural space
Subdural space
Arachnoid septum
Ventricular system
- Cerebrospinal fluid
  - Subarachnoid space
    - Third ventricle
    - Fourth ventricle
    - Lateral ventricles
      - Anterior horn
      - Body of lateral ventricle
      - Inferior horn
      - Posterior horn
    - Superior cistern
    - Cistern of lamina terminalis
    - Chiasmatic cistern
    - Interpeduncular cistern
    - Pontine cistern
    - Cisterna magna
  - Spinal subarachnoid space

External links[]

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