Myalgia

**Myalgia**
ICD-10	M791
ICD-9	729.1
OMIM	[1]
DiseasesDB	22895
MedlinePlus	[2]
eMedicine	/
MeSH	{{{MeshNumber}}}

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

Myalgia of the biceps brachii.jpg|

Myalgia means "muscle pain" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. The most common causes are the overuse or over-stretching of a muscle or group of muscles. Myalgia without a traumatic history is often due to viral infections. Longer-term myalgias may be indicative of a metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies or chronic fatigue syndrome.

Causes[]

The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury or strain. However, myalgia can also be caused by diseases, disorders, medications, or as a response to a vaccination. It is also a sign of acute rejection after heart transplant surgery.

The most common causes are:

Injury or trauma, including sprains, hematoma
Overuse: using a muscle too much, too often, including protecting a separate injury
Chronic tension

Muscle pain occurs with:

Rhabdomyolysis, associated with:
- Viral
- Compression injury
- Drug-related, esp fibrates and statins, occ ACE inhibitors, cocaine, some retro-viral drugs
- Severe potassium deficiency
Fibromyalgia
Infections, including:
- Influenza (the flu)
- Lyme disease
- Malaria
- Dengue Fever
- Hemorrhagic fever
- Muscle abscess
- Polio
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Trichinosis (roundworm)
Auto-immune disorders, including
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Multiple Sclerosis (this is neurologic pain localised to myotome)

Overuse[]

Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon and/or too often.^[1] Examples are:

Repetitive strain injury.

Injury[]

The most common causes of myalgia by injury are: sprains and strain (injury).^[1]

Autoimmune[]

Multiple sclerosis(neurologic pain interpreted as muscular), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Myositis, Lupus erythematosus, Familial Mediterranean fever, Polyarteritis nodosa, Devic's disease, Morphea

Metabolic defect[]

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Conn's syndrome, Adrenal insufficiency, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism

Other[]

Chronic fatigue syndrome, Ehlers Danlos Syndrome, Hypokalemia, Exercise intolerance, Mastocytosis, Peripheral neuropathy, Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Barcoo Fever, Herpes, Delayed onset muscle soreness, AIDS, HIV, Tumor-induced osteomalacia, Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome

Medications[]

Acrylamide, Aspirin, colesevelam, darbepoetin, darunavir, daptomycin, ezetimibe, ibandronate sodium, ibuprofen, imiquimod, interferons, isotretinoin, procainamide, quinupristin/dalfopristin, statins, sumatriptan, tasigna, tiotropium, vardenafil, zolmitriptan, zocor.

Withdrawal syndromes[]

Sudden cessation of high-dose corticosteroids, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, or alcohol can induce myalgia.

References[]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 MedlinePlus

External links[]

NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE CENTER Washington University a more comprehensive list

Template:Myopathy

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[MedlinePlus-1] 1.0 ^1.1 MedlinePlus

[1]

v·d·e Pain and nociception
Head and neck	Jaw and mouth (Odynophagia ) • Ear (otalgia, otitis media, otitis externa) • Eye (glaucoma) Head (headache, migraine, tension headache, cluster headache, cerebral aneurysm, sinusitis, meningitis) Neck (atypical myocardial infarction)
Thorax	Back (upper back, lower back, spinal disc herniation, degenerative disc disease, coccydynia) Breast (perimenstrual, breast cancer) • Chest (myocardial infarction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pancreatitis, hiatus hernia, aortic dissection, asymptomatic pulmonary embolism, Tietze's syndrome) Shoulder (right side - cholecystitis)
Abdominal	Left and right upper quadrant (peptic ulcer disease, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, atypical myocardial infarction, abdominal aortic aneurysm, asymptomatic gastric cancer) • Left and right lower quadrant (appendicitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, diverticulitis, urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, colorectal cancer)
Limbs	Arm (myocardial infarction, left arm) • Leg (deep vein thrombosis, peripheral artery occlusive disease, claudication, spinal disc herniation, sciatica)
Joints (arthralgia)	Small joints (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, pseudogout • Large joints (osteoarthritis, septic arthritis, hemarthrosis, osteonecrosis) • Back joints (ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease) • Other (psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis)
Musculoskeletal	Delayed onset muscle soreness, myalgia, physical trauma
Other/unspecified	cold pressor test, congenital insensitivity to pain, dolorimeter, HSAN (Type I, II congenital sensory neuropathy, III familial dysautonomia, IV congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, V congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis), neuralgia, pain asymbolia, pain disorder, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder • Allodynia, breakthrough pain, chronic pain, hyperalgesia, hypoalgesia, hyperpathia, phantom pain, referred pain
Related concepts	Anterolateral system, gate control theory of pain, pain management (anesthesia, cordotomy), pain scale, pain threshold, pain tolerance, posteromarginal nucleus, substance P, suffering, OPQRST