Psychology Wiki
Don't have an account?
Register
Advertisement
Register
in: Pages using ISBN magic links, Pages with broken file links, Articles with unsourced statements, Tricyclic antidepressant drugs

Nortriptyline

Sign in to edit

Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual differences | Personality | Philosophy | Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

Nortriptyline chemical structure
Nortriptyline

3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d] cyclohepten-5-ylidene)- N-methyl-1-propanamine
IUPAC name
CAS number
72-69-5 		ATC code

N06AA10

PubChem
4543 		DrugBank
APRD00602
Chemical formula {{{chemical_formula}}}
Molecular weight 263.377 g/mol
Bioavailability well absorbed
Metabolism Hepatic
Elimination half-life 16 and 90 hours
Excretion Renal
Pregnancy category C
Legal status Rx-only
Routes of administration oral

Nortriptyline is a second generation tricyclic antidepressant marketed as the hydrochloride under the tradenames Aventyl®, Pamelor® and Nortrilen®. It is used in the treatment of depression and childhood nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting). In addition it is sometimes used for chronic pain modification and labile affect in some neurological conditions.

Clinical pharmacology[]

Nortriptyline inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, and, to a lesser extent, norepinephrine (noradrenalin) (Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 10th Edition, Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD). Operant conditioning techniques in rats and pigeons suggest that nortriptyline has a combination of stimulant and depressant properties.

Indications[]

FDA-approved for treatment of depressive disorders. In the United Kingdom also may be used for treating nocturnal enuresis with courses of treatment lasting no more than three months. Also used off-label for the treatment of panic disorder, irritable bowel disease, prevention of migraine headaches and chronic pain or neuralgia modification (particularly Temporomandibular joint disorder).[1] It can also aid in quitting smoking with one study showing a six-month abstinence rate of 14% for subjects receiving nortriptyline compared to 3% for subjects not undergoing pharmacological treatment.[2]

Metabolism[]

Nortriptyline is metabolised in the liver by hepatic enzyme CYP2D6. Approximately 7 to 10 percent of Caucasians are poor metabolisers and might experience more adverse effects, so a lower dosage is often necessary in these individuals.[How to reference and link to summary or text] Blood levels of nortriptyline should be obtained during long term treatment to avoid toxicity and optimise response.

Dosage[]

For depression: low starting doses are used, increasing as necessary to 75–100mg (0–50mg for adolescents and the elderly). Maximum daily dosage is 150mg.[3]

For the management of noctiral enuresis: lower dosages are used with the maximum period of treatment, including gradual withdrawal, being three months and a full examination including electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) required before further courses.[3]

For its off-label use for migraine and headache prophylaxis and treating chronic pain: treatment is started at very low 10mg once at night to minimise side-effects. The dose is then increased every two weeks if required to a maximum of 50mg.

Side effects[]

Dry mouth, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, constipation, and rapid or irregular heartbeat. Some sexual side effects may be a problem as well. Less commonly, seizures and ECG/EKG changes have been reported, especially in overdose.

Alcohol may exacerbate some of its side effects and should be avoided.

However, the incidence of side effects with nortriptyline is somewhat lower than with the first generation tricyclics (e.g. imipramine (Tofranil®), amitriptyline (Elavil®)).

Warnings[]

Closer monitoring is required for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, glaucoma and/or seizures as well as those who have hyperthyroidism or are receiving thyroid medication.

Contraindications[]

In the acute recovery phase after myocardial infarction (e.g. heart attack). As for all tricyclic antidepressants concurrent use, or failure to allow a two week gap, with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors, e.g. phenelzine, tranylcypromine, etc.) may precipitate hyperpyretic crises and/or severe convulsions; fatalities have occurred.

Overdose[]

Main article: Tricyclic antidepressant

The symptoms and the treatment of an overdose are largely the same as for the other tricyclic antidepressants.

References[]

  1. ↑ (2002) Sweetman SC Martindale. The complete drug reference, 33, Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 0-85369-499-0.
  2. ↑ Prochazka A, Weaver M, Keller R, Fryer G, Licari P, Lofaso D (1998). A randomized trial of nortriptyline for smoking cessation.. Arch Intern Med 158 (18): 2035-9. PMID 9778204.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 British National Formulary 45 March 2003

Further reading[]

  • Alexanderson, B., Evans, D. A., & Sjoqvist, F. (1969). Steady-state plasma levels of nortriptyline in twins: Influence of genetic factors and drug therapy: BMJ: British Medical Journal Vol 4(5686) Dec 1969, 764-768.
  • Alexanderson, B., Price Evans, D. A., & Sjoqvist, F. (1969). Steady-state plasma levels of nortriptyline in twins: Influence of genetic factors and drug therapy: BMJ: British Medical Journal Vol 4(5686) Dec 1969, 764-768.
  • Ambrosini, P. J., Bianchi, M. D., Metz, C., & Rabinovich, H. (1994). Evaluating clinical response of open nortriptyline pharmacotherapy in adolescent major depression: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology Vol 4(4) Win 1994, 233-244.
  • Angelico, P., Ibba, M., Abbiati, G. A., & Testa, R. (1986). Different effects of nortriptyline on electroconvulsive shock and footshock-induced analgesia in rats: IRCS Medical Science: Psychology & Psychiatry Vol 14(1-2) Jan-Feb 1986, 126-127.
  • Appioti, A., & et al. (1974). The combination of nortriptyline and fluphenazine in the treatment of the depression-anxiety syndrome: Rivista di Psichiatria Vol 9(4) Jul-Aug 1974, 346-363.
  • Apter, J. T., Kushner, S. F., & Woolfolk, R. L. (1994). Bupropion/nortriptyline combination for refractory depression: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 6(4) Dec 1994, 255-258.
  • Atkinson, J. H., Slater, M. A., Williams, R. A., Zisook, S., Patterson, T. L., Grant, I., et al. (1998). A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of nortriptyline for chronic low back pain: Pain Vol 76(3) Jun 1998, 287-296.
  • Austin, L. S., Arana, G. W., & Ballenger, J. C. (1990). Rapid response of patients simultaneously treated with lithium and nortriptyline: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 51(3) Mar 1990, 124-125.
  • Baumann, P., Jonzier-Perey, M., Koeb, L., Le, P. K., & et al. (1986). Amitriptyline pharmacokinetics and clinical response: I. Free and total plasma amitriptyline and nortriptyline: International Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 1(2) Apr 1986, 89-101.
  • Beaglehole, B., Luty, S. E., Mulder, R. T., Kennedy, M. A., & Joyce, P. R. (2007). Low red cell folate levels are associated with poor response to nortriptyline in major depression: Acta Neuropsychiatrica Vol 19(3) Jun 2007, 204-207.
  • Bebchuk, J. M., & Stewart, D. E. (1991). Drug interaction between rifampin and nortriptyline: A case report: International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine Vol 21(2) 1991, 183-187.
  • Behnke, K., Mejer-Nielsen, B., Korner, A., Arup, P., & et al. (1992). Rolipram versus nortriptyline in gerontopsychiatric inpatients with major depression: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry Vol 46(6) 1992, 407-411.
  • Benazzi, F. (1997). Venlafaxine-fluoxetine-nortriptyline interaction: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Vol 22(4) Jul 1997, 278-279.
  • Berger, A., Dukes, E., Edelsberg, J., Stacey, B., & Oster, G. (2007). Use of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Older Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Clinical Journal of Pain Vol 23(3) Mar-Apr 2007, 251-258.
  • Bertschy, G., Vandel, S., Jounet, J. M., & Allers, G. (1990). Valpromide-amitriptyline interaction: Increase of amitriptyline and nortriptyline biodisposition by valpromide: L'Encephale Vol 16(1) Jan-Feb 1990, 43-45.
  • Biegon, A. (1984). The complex binding of tricyclic antidepressants to rat brain: The case of nortriptyline: Brain Research Vol 321(2) Nov 1984, 347-351.
  • Bondareff, W., Alpert, M., Friedhoff, A. J., Richter, E. M., Clary, C. M., & Batzar, E. (2000). Comparison of sertraline and nortriptyline in the treatment of major depressive disorder in late life: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 157(5) May 2000, 729-736.
  • Borson, S., McDonald, G. J., Gayle, T., Deffebach, M., & et al. (1992). Improvement in mood, physical symptoms, and function with nortriptyline for depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Vol 33(2) Spr 1992, 190-201.
  • Bump, G. M., Mulsant, B. H., Pollock, B. G., Mazumdar, S., Begley, A. E., Dew, M. A., et al. (2001). Paroxetine versus nortriptyline in the continuation and maintenance treatment of depression in the elderly: Depression and Anxiety Vol 13(1) 2001, 38-44.
  • Bupp, S. J., & Preskorn, S. H. (1991). The effect of age on plasma levels of nortriptyline: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 3(1) Mar 1991, 61-65.
  • Burch, J. E., & Hullin, R. P. (1981). Amitriptyline pharmacokinetics: A crossover study with single doses of amitriptyline and nortriptyline: Psychopharmacology Vol 74(1) Jun 1981, 35-42.
  • Burch, J. E., Roberts, S. G., & Raddats, M. A. (1981). Binding of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in plasma determined from their equilibrium distributions between red cells and plasma, and between red cells and buffer solution: Psychopharmacology Vol 75(3) Nov 1981, 262-272.
  • Burrows, G., & et al. (1974). A sequential trial comparing two plasma levels of nortriptyline: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Vol 8(1) Mar 1974, 21-23.
  • Burrows, G. D., & et al. (1977). Plasma nortriptyline and clinical response: A study using changing plasma levels: Psychological Medicine Vol 7(1) Feb 1977, 87-91.
  • Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., III, Hoch, C. C., Houck, P. R., Kupfer, D. J., Mazumdar, S., et al. (1996). Longitudinal effects of nortriptyline on EEG sleep and the likelihood of recurrence in elderly depressed patients: Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 14(4) Apr 1996, 243-252.
  • Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Houck, P. R., Perel, J. M., Frank, E., Begley, A. E., et al. (1997). Does Lorazepam impair the antidepressant response to nortriptyline and psychotherapy? : Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 58(10) Oct 1997, 426-432.
  • Caracci, G., & Reggev, A. (1993). Atrial fibrillation and nortriptyline in the elderly: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 8(7) Jul 1993, 577-580.
  • Chapman, N. A. (1994). Safety of clonidine and nortriptyline: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol 33(1) Jan 1994, 142-143.
  • Conforti, D., Borgherini, G., Fiorellini, L. A., & Magni, G. (1999). Extrapyramidal symptoms associated with the adjunct of nortriptyline to a venlafaxine-valproic acid combination: International Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 14(3) May 1999, 197-198.
  • Consoni, F. T., Vital, M. A. B. F., & Andreatini, R. (2006). Dual monoamine modulation for the antidepressant-like effect of lamotrigine in the modified forced swimming test: European Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 16(6) Aug 2006, 451-458.
  • Cooper, T. B., & Simpson, G. M. (1978). Prediction of individual dosage of nortriptyline: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 135(3) Mar 1978, 333-335.
  • Corona, G. L., Cucchi, M. L., Frattini, P., Santagostino, G., & et al. (1986). Amitriptyline and nortriptyline plasma levels, urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and clinical response in depressed women: Neuropsychobiology Vol 16(2-3) 1986, 97-102.
  • Corona, G. L., Cucchi, M. L., Frattini, P., Santagostino, G., & et al. (1990). Aspects of amitriptyline and nortriptyline plasma levels monitoring in depression: Psychopharmacology Vol 100(3) Mar 1990, 334-338.
  • Coryell, W., Coppen, A., Zeigler, V. E., & Biggs, J. T. (1982). Early improvement as a predictor of response to amitriptyline and nortriptyline: A comparison of 2 patient samples: Psychological Medicine Vol 12(1) Feb 1982, 135-139.
  • Coryell, W., Ziegler, V. E., & Biggs, J. T. (1980). Symptoms as predictors of response to amitriptyline and nortriptyline: The plasma level variable: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol 2(1) Mar 1980, 27-35.
  • Dahl, M.-L., Bertilsson, L., & Nordin, C. (1996). Steady-state plasma levels of nortriptyline and its 10-hydroxy metabolite: Relationship to the CYP2D6 genotype: Psychopharmacology Vol 123(4) Feb 1996, 315-319.
  • Davies, B., Burrows, G., & Scoggins, B. (1975). Plasma nortriptyline and clinical response: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Vol 9(4) Dec 1975, 249-253.
  • Dawling, S., Crome, P., Heyer, E. J., & Lewis, R. R. (1981). Nortriptyline therapy in elderly patients: Dosage prediction from plasma concentration at 24 hours after a single 50 mg dose: British Journal of Psychiatry Vol 139 Nov 1981, 413-416.
  • de Oliveira, I. R., Brito, P. R., Peres, M. F., Dardennes, R., & et al. (1992). Fluoxetine seems to widen the nortriptyline antidepressant-like dose range in mice submitted to the tail suspension test (TST): European Psychiatry Vol 7(1) 1992, 33-37.
  • Desai, A., & Chibnall, J. T. (1999). "Comparative efficacy and safety of sertraline versus nortriptyline in major depression in patients 70 and older": Comment: International Psychogeriatrics Vol 11(3) Sep 1999, 339-340.
  • Deuschle, M., Weber, B., Standhardt, H., Lammers, C.-H., Hartmann, A., & Heuser, I. (1998). Nortriptyline pulse loading in depressed patients: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 18(1) Feb 1998, 96-97.
  • Dietch, J. T., & Fine, M. (1990). The effect of nortriptyline in elderly patients with cardiac conduction disease: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 51(2) Feb 1990, 65-67.
  • Doussinet, P., Rabanel, J., & Beraudy, J. M. (1967). The Therapeutic Value of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride on Severe Depressive Syndromes: Annales Medico-Psychologiques 2(5) 1967, 822.
  • Dubovsky, S. L. (1987). Severe nortriptyline intoxication due to change from a generic to a trade preparation: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Vol 175(2) Feb 1987, 115-117.
  • Ejsing, T. B., & Linnet, K. (2005). Influence of P-glycoprotein inhibition on the distribution of the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline over the blood-brain barrier: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Vol 20(2) Mar 2005, 149-153.
  • Ejsing, T. B., Pedersen, A. D., & Linnet, K. (2005). P-glycoprotein interaction with risperidone and 9-OH-risperidone studied in vitro, in knock-out mice and in drag-drag interaction experiments: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Vol 20(7) Oct 2005, 493-500.
  • Elfenbein, D. (1996). Living with tricyclic antidepressants: Personal accounts of life on imipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, and others. San Francisco, CA, England: Harpersanfrancisco.
  • Elonen, E., Mattila, M. J., & Saarnivaara, L. (1974). Cardiovascular effects of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, protriptyline and doxepin in conscious rabbits: European Journal of Pharmacology Vol 28(1) Sep 1974, 178-188.
  • Fabre, L. F., Scharf, M. B., & Itil, T. M. (1991). Comparative efficacy and safety of nortriptyline and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression: A clinical study: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 52(Suppl) Jun 1991, 62-67.
  • Fava, M., Rush, A. J., Wisniewski, S. R., Nierenberg, A. A., Alpert, J. E., McGrath, P. J., et al. (2006). A Comparison of Mirtazapine and Nortriptyline Following Two Consecutive Failed Medication Treatments for Depressed Outpatients: A STAR*D Report: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 163(7) Jul 2006, 1161-1172.
  • Feder, R. (1989). "Treatment of premenstrual depression with nortriptyline: A pilot study": Comment: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 50(10) Oct 1989, 393.
  • Fink, M. (2007). What we learn about continuation treatments from the collaborative electroconvulsive therapy studies: Journal of ECT Vol 23(4) Dec 2007, 215-218.
  • Finkel, S. I., Richter, E. M., & Clary, C. M. (1999). Comparative efficacy and safety of sertraline versus nortriptyline in major depression in patients 70 and older: International Psychogeriatrics Vol 11(1) Mar 1999, 85-99.
  • Finkel, S. I., Richter, E. M., & Clary, C. M. (1999). "Comparative efficacy and safety of sertraline versus nortriptyline in major depression in patients 70 and older": Reply: International Psychogeriatrics Vol 11(3) Sep 1999, 340-342.
  • Forster, H. S. (1989). Naproxen reversal of nortriptyline-induced orthostatic hypotension: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 50(9) Sep 1989, 356.
  • Fu, C., Katzman, M., & Goldbloom, D. S. (1994). Valproate/nortriptyline interaction: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 14(3) Jun 1994, 205-206.
  • Gasto, C., Navarro, V., Marcos, T., Portella, M. J., Torra, M., & Rodamilans, M. (2003). Single-blind comparison of venlafaxine and nortriptyline in elderly major depression: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 23(1) Feb 2003, 21-26.
  • Geller, B., Cooper, T. B., Farooki, Z. Q., & Chestnut, E. C. (1985). Dose and plasma levels of nortriptyline and chlorpromazine in delusionally depressed adolescents and of nortriptyline in nondelusionally depressed adolescents: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 142(3) Mar 1985, 336-338.
  • Geller, B., Cooper, T. B., Graham, D. L., Fetner, H. H., & et al. (1992). Pharmacokinetically designed double-blind placebo-controlled study of nortriptyline in 6- to 12-year-olds with major depressive disorder: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol 31(1) Jan 1992, 34-44.
  • Geller, B., Cooper, T. B., Graham, D. L., Fetner, H. H., & et al. (1993). Pharmacokinetically designed double-blind placebo-controlled study of nortriptyline in 6- to 12-year-olds with major depressive disorder: Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry & Child Development 1993, 477-502.
  • Geller, B., Cooper, T. B., Graham, D. L., Marsteller, F. A., & et al. (1990). Double-blind placebo-controlled study of nortriptyline in depressed adolescents using a "fixed plasma level" design: Psychopharmacology Bulletin Vol 26(1) 1990, 85-90.
  • Geller, B., & et al. (1985). Serial ECG measurements at controlled plasma levels of nortriptyline in depressed children: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 142(9) Sep 1985, 1095-1097.
  • Geller, B., & et al. (1986). Preliminary data on the relationship between nortriptyline plasma level and response in depressed children: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 143(10) Oct 1986, 1283-1286.
  • Geller, B., Fox, L. W., Cooper, T. B., & Garrity, K. (1992). Baseline and 2- to 3-year follow-up characteristics of placebo-washout responders from the nortriptyline study of depressed 6- to 12-year-olds: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol 31(4) Jul 1992, 622-628.
  • Gendall, K. A., Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R. T., & Luty, S. E. (2003). Thyroid indices and response to fluoxetine and nortriptyline in major depression: Journal of Psychopharmacology Vol 17(4) Dec 2003, 431-437.
  • Gendall, K. A., Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R. T., & Sullivan, P. F. (2000). The effects of fluoxetine versus nortriptyline on body weight in depression: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 20(6) Dec 2000, 714-715.
  • Georgotas, A., McCue, R. E., & Cooper, T. B. (1989). A placebo-controlled comparison of nortriptyline and phenelzine in maintenance therapy of elderly depressed patients: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 46(9) Sep 1989, 783-786.
  • Georgotas, A., McCue, R. E., Cooper, T. B., Nagachandran, N., & et al. (1989). Factors affecting the delay of antidepressant effect in responders to nortriptyline and phenelzine: Psychiatry Research Vol 28(1) Apr 1989, 1-9.
  • Georgotas, A., McCue, R. E., Friedman, E., & Cooper, T. B. (1987). Electrocardiographic effects of nortriptyline, phenelzine, and placebo under optimal treatment conditions: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 144(6) Jun 1987, 798-801.
  • Georgotas, A., McCue, R. E., Friedman, E., & Cooper, T. B. (1987). Prediction of response to nortriptyline and phenelzine by platelet MAO activity: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 144(3) Mar 1987, 338-340.
  • Georgotas, A., McCue, R. E., Friedman, E., & Cooper, T. B. (1987). Response of depressive symptoms to nortriptyline, phenelzine and placebo: British Journal of Psychiatry Vol 151 Jul 1987, 102-106.
  • Ghaemi, S. N., & Kirkwood, C. K. (1998). Elevation of nortriptyline plasma levels after cotreatment with paroxetine and thioridazine: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 18(4) Aug 1998, 342-343.
  • Gilbert-Johnson, A. M., & Constantino, J. N. (2002). Use of nortriptyline in adolescent-onset bipolar disorder: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology Vol 12(4) Win 2002, 363-364.
  • Gildengers, A. G., Houck, P. R., Mulsant, B. H., Dew, M. A., Aizenstein, H. J., Jones, B. L., et al. (2005). Trajectories of Treatment Response in Late-Life Depression: Psychosocial and Clinical Correlates: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 25(4,Suppl1) Aug 2005, S8-S13.
  • Gillman, P. K. (2005). Re: No evidence of increased adverse drug reactions in cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 poor metabolizers treated with fluoxetine or nortriptyline: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Vol 20(1) Jan 2005, 61-62.
  • Goldman, L. S. (1994). Successful treatment of interferon alfa-induced mood disorder with nortriptyline: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Vol 35(4) Jul-Aug 1994, 412-413.
  • Goldman, L. S. (1995). "Successful treatment of interferon-alfa-induced mood disorder with nortriptyline": Reply: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Vol 36(4) Jul-Aug 1995, 419.
  • Gracious, B., & Wisner, K. L. (1991). Nortriptyline in chronic fatigue syndrome: A double blind, placebo-controlled single case study: Biological Psychiatry Vol 30(4) Aug 1991, 405-408.
  • Green, M. A., & Green, R. L. (1967). Psychotropic Adjuvants in Allergic Disorders: Report of Experiences with Nortriptyline Hydrochloride: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry 8(1) 1967, 29-32.
  • Green, T. D., Reynolds, C. F., III, Mulsant, B. H., Pollock, B. G., Miller, M. D., Houck, P. R., et al. (1999). Accelerating antidepressant response in geriatric depression: A post hoc comparison of combined sleep deprivation and paroxetine versus monotherapy with paroxetine, nortriptyline, or placebo: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology Vol 12(2) Sum 1999, 67-71.
  • Grof, E., & et al. (1984). Effects of lithium, nortriptyline and dexamethasone on insulin sensitivity: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 8(4-6) 1984, 687-690.
  • Gross, J. S., & Zwerin, G. (1991). Left bundle branch block developing in a patient with sub-therapeutic nortriptyline levels: A case report: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 39(10) Oct 1991, 1006-1007.
  • Guerrini, A. (1974). The treatment of the syndromes of depression-anxiety by means of a combination of nortriptyline and fluphenazine: Rivista di Psichiatria Vol 9(4) Jul-Aug 1974, 326-345.
  • Haider, I. (1968). A comparative investigation of desipramine and nortriptyline in the treatment of depression: British Journal of Psychiatry 114(515) 1968, 1293-1294.
  • Hall, S. M. (2007). Tricyclic Antidepressants in the Treatment of Nicotine Dependence. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Hall, S. M., Gorecki, J. A., Reus, V. I., Humfleet, G. L., & Munoz, R. F. (2007). Belief about drug assignment and abstinence in treatment of cigarette smoking using nortriptyline: Nicotine & Tobacco Research Vol 9(4) Apr 2007, 467-471.
  • Hall, S. M., Humfleet, G. L., Reus, V. I., Munoz, R. F., & Cullen, J. (2004). Extended nortriptyline and psychological treatment for cigarette smoking: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 161(11) Nov 2004, 2100-2107.
  • Hall, S. M., Lightwood, J. M., Humfleet, G. L., Bostrom, A., Reus, V. I., & Munoz, R. (2005). Cost-Effectiveness of Bupropion, Nortriptyline, and Psychological Intervention in Smoking Cessation: Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research Vol 32(4) Oct-Dec 2005, 381-392.
  • Hall, S. M., Reus, V. I., Munoz, R. F., Sees, K. L., Humfleet, G., Hartz, D. T., et al. (1998). Nortriptyline and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of cigarette smoking: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 55(8) Aug 1998, 683-690.
  • Hammack, J. E., Michalak, J. C., Loprinzi, C. L., Sloan, J. A., Novotny, P. J., Soori, G. S., et al. (2002). Phase III evaluation of nortriptyline for alleviation of symptoms of cis-platinum-induced peripheral neuropathy: Pain Vol 98(1-2) Jul 2002, 195-203.
  • Harrison, W. M., Endicott, J., & Nee, J. (1989). Treatment of premenstrual depression with nortriptyline: A pilot study: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 50(4) Apr 1989, 136-139.
  • Hartling, O. J., Marving, J., Knudsen, P., Dahl, A., & et al. (1987). The effect of the tricyclic antidepressant drug, nortriptyline on left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes: Psychopharmacology Vol 91(3) Mar 1987, 381-383.
  • Hays, P., & Steinert, J. (1969). A blind comparative trial of nortriptyline and isocarboxazid in depressed outpatients: The Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal / La Revue de l'Association des psychiatres du Canada 14(3) 1969, 307-308.
  • Heikkinen, T., Ekblad, U., & Laine, K. (2001). Transplacental transfer of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in isolated perfused human placenta: Psychopharmacology Vol 153(4) Feb 2001, 450-454.
  • Hensley, P. L. (2006). Treatment of bereavement-related depression and traumatic grief: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol 92(1) Jul 2006, 117-124.
  • Hoc, J. (1978). Double blind clinical study of mianserin and nortriptyline: Acta Psychiatrica Belgica Vol 78(5) Sep-Oct 1978, 833-840.
  • Hoff, A. L., Shukla, S., Helms, P., Aronson, T. A., & et al. (1990). The effects of nortriptyline on cognition in elderly depressed patients: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 10(3) Jun 1990, 231-232.
  • Hollister, L. E., Davis, K. L., & Berger, P. A. (1980). Subtypes of depression based on excretion of MHPG and response to nortriptyline: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 37(10) Oct 1980, 1107-1110.
  • Hollister, L. E., Pfefferbaum, A., & Davis, K. L. (1980). Monitoring nortriptyline plasma concentrations: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 137(4) Apr 1980, 485-486.
  • Hughes, J. R., Stead, L. F., & Lancaster, T. (2005). Nortriptyline for smoking cessation: A review: Nicotine & Tobacco Research Vol 7(4) Aug 2005, 491-499.
  • Jensen, H. V., Olafsson, K., Lykke-Olesen, L., Mork, A., & et al. (1992). Combining nortriptyline and lithium in elderly depressed patients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study: Lithium Vol 3(4) Nov 1992, 259-262.
  • Johnson, D. A. (1979). A double-blind comparison of flupenthixol, nortriptyline and diazepam in neurotic depression: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 59(1) Jan 1979, 1-8.
  • Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R. T., Luty, S. E., McKenzie, J. M., Miller, A. L., Rogers, G. R., et al. (2003). Age-dependent antidepressant pharmacogenomics: Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter and G protein beta 3 subunit as predictors of response to fluoxetine and nortriptyline: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 6(4) Dec 2003, 339-3460.
  • Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R. T., Luty, S. E., McKenzie, J. M., & Rae, A. M. (2003). A differential response to nortriptyline and fluoxetine in melancholic depression: The importance of age and gender: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 108(1) Jul 2003, 20-23.
  • Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R. T., Luty, S. E., Sullivan, P. F., McKenzie, J. M., Abbott, R. M., et al. (2002). Patterns and predictors of remission, response and recovery in major depression treated with fluoxetine or nortriptyline: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Vol 36(3) Jun 2002, 384-391.
  • Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R. T., McKenzie, J. M., Luty, S. E., & Cloninger, C. R. (2004). Atypical Depression, Atypical Temperament and a Differential Antidepressant Response to Fluoxetine and Nortriptyline: Depression and Anxiety Vol 19(3) 2004, 180-186.
  • Kahn, D. G. (1990). Increased plasma nortriptyline concentration in a patient cotreated with fluoxetine: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 51(1) Jan 1990, 36.
  • Kammerer, T., & et al. (1968). Clinical report on nortriptyline: Concerning 30 cases: Annales Medico-Psychologiques 2(2) 1968, 286.
  • Kammerer, T., & et al. (1969). Clinical testing of nortriptyline apropos of 40 cases: Annales Medico-Psychologiques 1(4) 1969, 659-664.
  • Kanba, S., Matsumoto, K., Nibuya, M., Suzuki, E., & et al. (1992). Nortriptyline response in elderly depressed patients: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 16(3) May 1992, 301-309.
  • Katz, I. R., Simpson, G. M., Jethanandani, V., Cooper, T., & et al. (1989). Steady state pharmacokinetics of nortriptyline in the frail elderly: Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 2(3) Sep 1989, 229-236.
  • Kellner, C. H., Knapp, R. G., Petrides, G., Rummans, T. A., Husain, M. M., Rasmussen, K., et al. (2006). Continuation Electroconvulsive Therapy vs Pharmacotherapy for Relapse Prevention in Major Depression: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 63(12) Dec 2006, 1337-1344.
  • Kennedy, M. A., Roberts, R. L., & Joyce, P. R. (2005). "No evidence of increased adverse drug reactions in cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 poor metabolizers treated with fluoxetine or nortriptyline": Reply: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Vol 20(1) Jan 2005, 63-64.
  • Kessell, A., Pearce, T. A., & Holt, N. F. (1970). A controlled study of nortriptyline and imipramine: American Journal of Psychiatry 126(7) 1970, 938-945.
  • Khoromi, S., Cui, L., Nackers, L., & Max, M. B. (2007). Morphine, nortriptyline and their combination vs. placebo in patients with chronic lumbar root pain: Pain Vol 130(1-2) Jul 2007, 66-75.
  • Kiev, A., Masco, H. L., Wenger, T. L., Johnston, J. A., & et al. (1994). The cardivascular effects of bupropion and nortriptyline in depressed outpatients: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 6(2) Jun 1994, 107-115.
  • Kim, H., Lim, S.-W., Kim, S., Kim, J.-W., Chang, Y. H., Carroll, B. J., et al. (2006). Monoamine Transporter Gene Polymorphisms and Antidepressant Response in Koreans With Late-Life Depression: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association Vol 296(13) Oct 2006, 1609-1618.
  • Kimura, M., Tateno, A., & Robinson, R. G. (2003). Treatment of poststroke generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with poststroke depression: Merged analysis of Nortriptyline trials: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 11(3) Jun 2003, 320-327.
  • Kin, N. M. K. N. Y., Klitgaard, N., Nair, N. P. V., Amin, M., Kragh-Sorensen, P., Schwartz, G., et al. (1996). Clinical relevance of serum nortriptyline and 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline measurements in the depressed elderly: A multicenter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study: Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 15(1) Jul 1996, 1-6.
  • Kin, N. M. K. N. Y., Nair, N. P. V., Amin, M., Schwartz, G., Ahmed, S. K., Holm, P., et al. (1997). The dexamethasone suppression test and treatment outcome in elderly depressed patients participating in a placebo-controlled multicenter trial involving moclobemide and nortriptyline: Biological Psychiatry Vol 42(10) Nov 1997, 925-931.
  • Kok, R. M., Nolen, W. A., & Heeren, T. J. (2007). Venlafaxine versus nortriptyline in the treatment of elderly depressed inpatients: A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 22(12) Dec 2007, 1247-1254.
  • Kragh-Sorensen, P. (1978). Correlation between plasma levels of nortriptyline and clinical effects: Communications in Psychopharmacology Vol 2(5) 1978, 451-456.
  • Kragh-Sorensen, P., & et al. (1974). Long-term treatment of endogenous depression with nortriptyline with control of plasma levels: Psychological Medicine Vol 4(2) May 1974, 174-180.
  • Kragh-Sorensen, P., Hansen, C. E., & Asberg, M. (1973). Plasma levels of nortriptyline in the treatment of endogenous depression: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 49(4) 1973, 444-456.
  • Kumar, V., Smith, R. C., Reed, K., & Leelavathi, D. E. (1987). Plasma levels and effects of nortriptyline in geriatric depressed patients: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 75(1) Jan 1987, 20-28.
  • Kupfer, D. J., & et al. (1982). Nortriptyline and EEG sleep in depressed patients: Biological Psychiatry Vol 17(5) May 1982, 535-546.
  • Laghrissi-Thode, F., Pollock, B. G., Miller, M., Altieri, L., & et al. (1995). Comparative effects of sertraline and nortriptyline on body sway in older depressed patients: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 3(3) Sum 1995, 217-228.
  • Laghrissi-Thode, F., Pollock, B. G., Miller, M. C., Mulsant, B. H., Altieri, L., & Finkel, M. S. (1995). Double-blind comparison of paroxetine and nortriptyline on the postural stability of late-life depressed patients: Psychopharmacology Bulletin Vol 31(4) 1995, 659-663.
  • Lake, B. (1968). Controlled trial of nortriptyline in childhood enuresis: Medical Journal of Australia 2(14) 1968, 582-585.
  • Lang, & Ducamp. (1968). The place of nortriptyline in the treatment of children of a medical-pedagogical center: Annales Medico-Psychologiques 2(2) 1968, 285.
  • Leahy, M. R., & Martin, I. C. (1967). Double-Blind Comparison of Nortriptyline and Amitriptyline in Depressive Illness: British Journal of Psychiatry 113(505) 1967, 1433-1434.
  • Liisberg, P., & et al. (1978). A clinical trial comparing sustained release amitriptyline (SarotenReg. Retard) and conventional amitriptyline tablets (SarotenReg.) in endogenously depressed patients with simultaneous determination of serum levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 57(5) May 1978, 426-435.
  • Lopes, F. L., Nascimento, I., Valenca, A. M., Versiani, M., & Nardi, A. E. (2002). Respiratory symptoms in nocturnal panic attacks: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie Vol 47(7) Sep 2002, 684-685.
  • Loughhead, A. M., Stowe, Z. N., Newport, D. J., Ritchie, J. C., DeVane, C. L., & Owens, M. J. (2006). Placental passage of tricyclic antidepressants: Biological Psychiatry Vol 59(3) Feb 2006, 287-290.
  • Lustman, P. J., Griffith, L. S., Clouse, R. E., Freedland, K. E., Eisen, S. A., Rubin, E. H., et al. (1997). Effects of nortriptyline on depression and glycemic control in diabetes: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: Psychosomatic Medicine Vol 59(3) May-Jun 1997, 241-250.
  • Lyketsos, C. G. (1992). Successful treatment of bowel obsessions with nortriptyline: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 149(4) Apr 1992, 573.
  • Lyndon, B. (2001). Availability of nortriptyline: Australasian Psychiatry Vol 9(4) Dec 2001, 372.
  • Madakasira, S. (1986). Cardiac antiarrhythmic effect of nortriptyline: General Hospital Psychiatry Vol 8(2) Mar 1986, 123-125.
  • Malmgren, R., Aberg-Wistedt, A., & Bertilsson, L. (1987). Serotonin uptake inhibition during treatment of depression with nortriptyline caused by parent drug and not by 10-hydroxymetabolites: Psychopharmacology Vol 92(2) Jun 1987, 169-172.
  • Mamo, D. C., Pollock, B. G., Mulsant, B., Houck, P. R., Bensasi, S., Miller, M. C., et al. (2002). Effects of nortriptyline and paroxetine on postural sway in depressed elderly patients: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 10(2) Mar-Apr 2002, 199-205.
  • Mamo, D. C., Sweet, R. A., Mulsant, B. H., Pollock, B. G., Miller, M. D., Stack, J. A., et al. (2000). Effect of nortriptyline and paroxetine on extrapyrimidal signs and symptoms: A prospective double-blind study in depressed elderly patients: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 8(3) Sum 2000, 226-231.
  • Masco, H. L., Kiev, A., Holloman, L. C., Batey, S. R., & et al. (1994). Safety and efficacy of bupropion and nortriptyline in outpatients with depression: Current Therapeutic Research Vol 55(7) Jul 1994, 851-863.
  • McCue, R. E., Georgotas, A., Nagachandran, N., Basir, M. A., & et al. (1989). Plasma levels of nortriptyline and 10-hydroxynortriptyline and treatment-related electrocardiographic changes in the elderly depressed: Journal of Psychiatric Research Vol 23(1) 1989, 73-79.
  • Mendels, J. O. E. (1968). Comparative Trial of Nortriptyline and Amitriptyline in 100 Depressed Patients: American Journal of Psychiatry 124(8, SUPPL ) 1968, 59-62.
  • Meyers, B. S., Mattis, S., Gabriele, M., & Kakuma, T. (1991). Effects of nortriptyline on memory self-assessment and performance in recovered elderly depressives: Psychopharmacology Bulletin Vol 27(3) 1991, 295-299.
  • Miller, M. D., Curtiss, E. I., Marino, L., Houck, P. R., Paradis, C. F., Mazumdar, S., et al. (1998). Long-term ECG changes in depressed elderly patients treated with nortriptyline: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 6(1) Win 1998, 59-66.
  • Miller, M. D., Pollock, B. G., Rifai, A. H., Paradis, C. F., & et al. (1991). Longitudinal analysis of nortriptyline side effects in elderly depressed patients: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology Vol 4(4) Oct-Dec 1991, 226-230.
  • Moller, S. E., & et al. (1985). Plasma tyrosine/neutral amino acid ratio correlated with clinical response to nortriptyline in endogenously depressed patients: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol 9(3) Nov 1985, 223-229.
  • Morita, S., Shimoda, K., Someya, T., Yoshimura, Y., Kamijima, K., & Kato, N. (2000). Steady-state plasma levels of nortriptyline and its hydroxylated metabolites in Japanese patients: Impact of CYP2D6 genotype on the hydroxylation of nortriptyline: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 20(2) Apr 2000, 141-149.
  • Mowla, A., Ghanizadeh, A., & Pani, A. (2006). A Comparison of the Effects of Fluoxetine and Nortriptyline on the Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 26(2) Apr 2006, 209-211.
  • Mulder, R. T., Joyce, P. R., Frampton, C. M. A., Luty, S. E., & Sullivan, P. F. (2006). Six Months of Treatment for Depression: Outcome and Predictors of the Course of Illness: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 163(1) Jan 2006, 95-100.
  • Mulsant, B. H., Foglia, J. P., Sweet, R. A., Rosen, J., Lo, K. H., & Pollock, B. G. (1997). The effects of perphenazine on the concentration of nortriptyline and its hydroxymetabolites in older patients: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 17(4) Aug 1997, 318-321.
  • Mulsant, B. H., Pollock, B. G., Nebes, R., Miller, M. D., Sweet, R. A., Stack, J., et al. (2001). A twelve-week, double-blind, randomized comparison of nortriptyline and paroxetine in older depressed inpatients and outpatients: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 9(4) Fal 2001, 406-414.
  • Mulsant, B. H., Pollock, B. G., Nebes, R. D., Miller, M. D., Little, J. T., Stack, J., et al. (1999). A double-blind randomized comparison of nortriptyline and paroxetine in the treatment of late-life depression: 6-week outcome: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 60(Suppl 20) 1999, 16-20.
  • Mulsant, B. H., Sweet, R. A., Rosen, J., Pollock, B. G., Zubenko, G. S., Flynn, T., et al. (2001). A double-blind randomized comparison of nortriptyline plus perphenazine versus nortriptyline plus placebo in the treatment of psychotic depression in late life: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 62(8) Aug 2001, 597-604.
  • Munjack, D. J., Usigli, R., Zulueta, A., Crocker, B., & et al. (1988). Nortriptyline in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 8(3) Jun 1988, 204-207.
  • Murphy, G. E., Simons, A. D., & Wetzel, R. C. (1985). Plasma nortriptyline and clinical response in depression: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol 8(2) Mar-Apr 1985, 123-129.
  • Murphy, G. M., Jr., Pollock, B. G., Kirshner, M. A., Pascoe, N., Cheuk, W., Mulsant, B. H., et al. (2001). CYP2D6 genotyping with oligonucleotide microarrays and nortriptyline concentrations in geriatric depression: Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 25(5) Nov 2001, 737-743.
  • Musa, M. N. (1981). Depression sub-types affect the steady-state plasma levels and therapeutic efficacy of amitriptyline and nortriptyline: Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry & Behavior Vol 6(1) 1981, 1-8.
  • Nahunek, K., & et al. (1981). The efficacy of tranylcypromine, nortriptyline, thioridazine and amitriptyline in two syndromological types of endogenous depression: A comparison: Activitas Nervosa Superior Vol 23(3) Sep 1981, 198-200.
  • Nair, N. P. V., Amin, M., Holm, P., Katona, C., & et al. (1995). Moclobemide and nortriptyline in elderly depressed patients: A randomized, multicentre trial against placebo: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol 33(1) Jan 1995, 1-9.
  • Nardi, A. E., Nascimento, I., Valenca, A. M., Lopes, F. L., Mezzasalma, M. A., Zin, W. A., et al. (2003). Respiratory panic disorder subtype: Acute and long-term response to nortriptyline, a noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressant: Psychiatry Research Vol 120(3) Oct 2003, 283-293.
  • Navarro, V., Gasto, C., Torres, X., Marcos, T., & Pintor, L. (2001). Citalopram versus nortriptyline in late-life depression: A 12-week randomized single-blind study: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 103(6) Jun 2001, 435-440.
  • Nebes, R. D., Pollock, B. G., Houck, P. R., Butters, M. A., Mulsant, B. H., Zmuda, M. D., et al. (2003). Persistence of cognitive impairment in geriatric patients following antidepressant treatment: A randomized double-blind clinical trial with nortriptyline and paroxetine: Journal of Psychiatric Research Vol 37(2) Mar-Apr 2003, 99-108.
  • Nelson, J. C., Kennedy, J. S., Pollock, B. G., Laghrissi-Thode, F., Narayan, M., Nobler, M. S., et al. (1999). Treatment of major depression with nortriptyline and paroxetine in patients with ischemic heart disease: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 156(7) Jul 1999, 1024-1028.
  • Newman, M. M., Schlefer, E., & Abraham, S. (1988). Nortriptyline and atenolol for the treatment of bulimia in a diabetic woman: International Journal of Eating Disorders Vol 7(3) May 1988, 429-432.
  • Nierenberg, A. A., Fava, M., Alpert, J., Lagomasino, I., Sonawalla, S., Tedlow, J., et al. (2004). "Lithium augmentation of nortriptyline for subjects resistant to multiple antidepressants": Reply: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 24(2) Apr 2004, 241-242.
  • Nierenberg, A. A., Papakostas, G. I., Petersen, T., Kelly, K. E., Iacoviello, B. M., Worthington, J. J., et al. (2003). Nortriptyline for treatment-resistant depression: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 64(1) Jan 2003, 35-39.
  • Nierenberg, A. A., Papakostas, G. I., Petersen, T., Montoya, H. D., Worthington, J. J., Tedlow, J., et al. (2003). Lithium augmentation of nortriptyline for subjects resistant to multiple antidepressants: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 23(1) Feb 2003, 92-95.
  • Obuchowicz, E., Kowalski, J., Labuzek, K., Krysiak, R., Pendzich, J., & Herman, Z. S. (2006). Amitriptyline and nortriptyline inhibit interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha release by rat mixed glial and microglial cell cultures: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 9(1) Feb 2006, 27-35.
  • Oslin, D. W., Streim, J. E., Katz, I. R., Smith, B. D., DiFilippo, S. D., Ten Have, T. R., et al. (2000). Heuristic comparison of sertraline with nortriptyline for the treatment of depression in frail elderly patients: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 8(2) Spr 2000, 141-149.
  • Otsubo, T., Akimoto, Y., Yamada, H., Koda, R., Aoyama, H., Tanaka, K., et al. (2005). A Comparative Study of the Efficacy and Safety Profiles Between Fluvoxamine and Nortriptyline in Japanese Patients with Major Depression: Pharmacopsychiatry Vol 38(1) Jan 2005, 30-35.
  • Overo, K. F., Gram, L. F., & Hansen, V. (1977). Interaction of perphenazine with the kinetics of nortriptyline: Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica Vol 40(1) Jan 1977, 97-105.
  • Owen, J. E., Jr., & Rathbun, R. C. (1966). Sustained changes of avoidance behavior after chronic nortriptyline administration: Psychopharmacologia 9(2) 1966, 137-145.
  • Panerai, A. E., Monza, G., Movilia, P., Bianchi, M., & et al. (1990). A randomized, within-patient, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial on the efficacy and tolerability of the tricyclic antidepressants chlorimipramine and nortriptyline in central pain: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Vol 82(1) Jul 1990, 34-38.
  • Papakostas, G. I., Petersen, T. J., Farabaugh, A. H., Murakami, J. L., Pava, J. A., Alpert, J. E., et al. (2003). Psychiatric comorbidity as a predictor of clinical response to nortriptyline in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 64(11) Nov 2003, 1357-1361.
  • Paradis, C. F., Stack, J. A., George, C. J., Miller, M. D., & et al. (1992). Nortriptyline and weight change in depressed patients over 60: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 12(4) Aug 1992, 246-250.
  • Pasternak, R. E., Reynolds, C. F., Houck, P. R., Schlernitzauer, M., & et al. (1994). Sleep in bereavement-related depression during and after pharmacotherapy with nortriptyline: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology Vol 7(2) Apr-Jun 1994, 69-73.
  • Pasternak, R. E., Reynolds, C. F., Schlernitzauer, M., Hoch, C. C., & et al. (1991). Acute open-trial nortriptyline therapy of bereavement-related depression in late life: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 52(7) Jul 1991, 307-310.
  • Peabody, C., Van Norman, J., Hollister, L., & Warner, D. (1991). Simulated home treatment of depression with nortriptyline: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 15(1) 1991, 63-70.
  • Pedersen, J. H., & Sorensen, J. L. (1980). Therapeutic effect and side effects in patients with endogenous depression treated with oral nortriptyline once a day: Neuropsychobiology Vol 6(1) 1980, 42-47.
  • Perry, P. J., & et al. (1985). Relationship of free nortriptyline levels to therapeutic response: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 72(2) Aug 1985, 120-125.
  • Poldinger, W., & Gammel, G. (1978). Differences in effect between nomifensine and nortriptyline: International Pharmacopsychiatry Vol 13(1) 1978, 58-68.
  • Poldinger, W., & Streichenwein, S. M. (1982). A clinical trial comparing nomifensine and nortriptyline: International Pharmacopsychiatry Vol 17(Suppl 1) 1982, 106-115.
  • Pollock, B. G., Everett, G., & Perel, J. M. (1992). Comparative cardiotoxicity of nortriptyline and its isomeric 10-hydroxymetabolites: Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 6(1) Jan 1992, 1-10.
  • Pollock, B. G., Laghrissi-Thode, F., & Wagner, W. R. (2000). Evaluation of platelet activation in depressed patients with ischemic heart disease after paroxetine or nortriptyline treatment: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 20(2) Apr 2000, 137-140.
  • Pollock, B. G., Mulsant, B. H., Nebes, R., Kirshner, M. A., Begley, A. E., Mazumdar, S., et al. (1998). Serum anticholinergicity in elderly depressed patients treated with paroxetine or nortriptyline: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 155(8) Aug 1998, 1110-1112.
  • Pollock, B. G., Perel, J. M., Paradis, C. F., Fasiczka, A. L., & et al. (1994). Metabolic and physiologic consequences of nortriptyline treatment in the elderly: Psychopharmacology Bulletin Vol 30(2) 1994, 145-150.
  • Pomara, N., Shao, B., Choi, S. J., Tun, H., & Suckow, R. F. (2001). Sex-related differences in nortriptyline-induced side-effects among depressed patients: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 25(5) Jul 2001, 1035-1048.
  • Powell, B. J., Campbell, J. L., Landon, J. F., Liskow, B. I., & et al. (1995). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of nortriptyline and bromocriptine in male alcoholics subtyped by comorbid psychiatric disorders: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research Vol 19(2) Apr 1995, 462-468.
  • Prince, J. B., Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., Millstein, R., Polisner, D. A., et al. (2000). A controlled study of nortriptyline in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology Vol 10(3) Fal 2000, 193-204.
  • Pylko, T., & Sicignan, J. (1985). Nortriptyline in the treatment of monosymptomatic delusion: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 142(10) Oct 1985, 1223.
  • Rausch, J. L., Moeller, F. G., & Johnson, M. E. (2003). Initial platelet serotonin (5-HT) transport kinetics predict nortriptyline outcome: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 23(2) Apr 2003, 138-144.
  • Reynolds, C. F., III. (1999). "Nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy as maintenance therapies for recurrent major depression: A randomized controlled trial in patients older than 59 years": Reply: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association Vol 281(20) May 1999, 1891-1892.
  • Reynolds, C. F., III, Buysse, D. J., Brunner, D. P., Begley, A. E., Dew, M. A., Hoch, C. C., et al. (1997). Maintenance nortriptyline effects on electroencephalographic sleep in elderly patients with recurrent major depression: Double-blind, placebo- and plasma-level-controlled evaluation: Biological Psychiatry Vol 42(7) Oct 1997, 560-567.
  • Reynolds, C. F., III, Frank, E., Perel, J. M., Imber, S. D., Cornes, C., Miller, M. D., et al. (1999). Nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy as maintenance therapies for recurrent major depression: A randomized controlled trial in patients older than 59 years: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association Vol 281(1) Jan 1999, 39-45.
  • Reynolds, C. F., Frank, E., Perel, J. M., Miller, M. D., & et al. (1995). Nortriptyline side effects during double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled maintenance therapy in older depressed patients: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 3(2) Spr 1995, 170-175.
  • Reynolds, C. F., Hoch, C. C., Buysse, D. J., George, C. J., & et al. (1991). Sleep in late-life recurrent depression: Changes during early continuation therapy with nortriptyline: Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 5(2) Sep 1991, 85-96.
  • Reynolds, C. F., III, Miller, M. D., Pasternak, R. E., Frank, E., Perel, J. M., Cornes, C., et al. (1999). Treatment of bereavement-related major depressive episodes in later life: A controlled study of acute and continuation treatment with nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 156(2) Feb 1999, 202-208.
  • Reynolds, C. F., III, Perel, J. M., Frank, E., Cornes, C., Miller, M. D., Houck, P. R., et al. (1999). Three-year outcomes of maintenance nortriptyline treatment in late-life depression: A study of two fixed plasma levels: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 156(8) Aug 1999, 1177-1181.
  • Ribeiro, M. G., de Oliveira, I. R., Santana, R. C., Costa, D. T., Quarantini, L. C., de Castro e Silva, E., et al. (2007). c-Fos expression identifies brain areas activated in response to nortriptyline: Molecular Psychiatry Vol 12(7) Jul 2007, 613-615.
  • Ribeiro, M. G., Pereira, E. L. A., Santos-Jesus, R., Sena, E. P., Petribu, K., & Oliveira, I. R. (2000). Nortriptyline blood levels and clinical outcome: Meta-analysis of published studies: Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria Vol 22(2) Jun 2000, 51-56.
  • Roberts, R. L., Mulder, R. T., Joyce, P. R., Luty, S. E., & Kennedy, M. A. (2004). No evidence of increased adverse drug reactions in cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 poor metabolizers treated with fluoxetine or nortriptyline: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Vol 19(1) Jan 2004, 17-23.
  • Robinson, R. G., Schultz, S. K., Castillo, C., Kopel, T., Kosier, J. T., Newman, R. M., et al. (2000). Nortriptyline versus fluoxetine in the treatment of depression and in short-term recovery after stroke: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 157(3) Mar 2000, 351-359.
  • Roose, S. P., Laghrissi-Thode, F., Kennedy, J. S., Nelson, J. C., Bigger, J. T., Pollock, B. G., et al. (1998). Comparison of paroxetine and nortriptyline in depressed patients with ischemic heart disease: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association Vol 279(4) Jan 1998, 287-291.
  • Ropert, R., & Berges, J. (1967). Position of Nortriptyline in the Group of Antidepressive Drugs, with Clinical and Electroencephalographic Considerations: Annales Medico-Psychologiques 1(5) 1967, 750-755.
  • Ropert, R., & Sivadon, P. (1967). Clinical Report on a New Medication, Nortriptyline: Annales Medico-Psychologiques 1(5) 1967, 744-750.
  • Rosen, J., Sweet, R., Pollock, B. G., & Mulsant, B. H. (1993). Nortriptyline in the hospitalized elderly: Tolerance and side effect reduction: Psychopharmacology Bulletin Vol 29(2) 1993, 327-331.
  • Rothschild, B. S. (1994). Fluoxetine-nortriptyline therapy of treatment-resistant major depression in a geriatric patient: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology Vol 7(3) Jul-Sep 1994, 137-138.
  • Rubin, E. H., Biggs, J. T., & Preskorn, S. H. (1985). Nortriptyline pharmacokinetics and plasma levels: Implications for clinical practice: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 46(10) Oct 1985, 418-424.
  • Rudorfer, M. V., & Robins, E. (1981). Fatal nortriptyline overdose, plasma levels, and in vivo methylation of tricyclic antidepressants: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 138(7) Jul 1981, 982-983.
  • Rush, A. J., Weissenburger, J., Vasavada, N., Orsulak, P. J., & et al. (1988). Dexamethasone suppression test status does not predict differential response to nortriptyline versus amitriptyline: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 8(6) Dec 1988, 421-425.
  • Sabelli, H. C., Fawcett, J., Javaid, J. I., & Bagri, S. (1983). The methylphenidate test for differentiating desipramine-responsive from nortriptyline-responsive depression: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 140(2) Feb 1983, 212-214.
  • Schneider, L. S., Cooper, T. B., Severson, J. A., Zemplenyi, T., & et al. (1988). Electrocardiographic changes with nortriptyline and 10-hydroxynortriptyline in elderly depressed outpatients: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 8(6) Dec 1988, 402-408.
  • Schneider, L. S., Cooper, T. B., Suckow, R. F., Lyness, S. A., & et al. (1990). Relationship of hydroxynortriptyline to nortriptyline concentration and creatinine clearance in depressed elderly outpatients: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 10(5) Oct 1990, 333-337.
  • Schrami, F., Benedetti, G., Hoyle, K., & Clayton, A. (1989). Fluoxetine and nortriptyline combination therapy: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 146(12) Dec 1989, 1636-1637.
  • Schubert, D. S. (1992). Reversal of doxepin-induced hypoactive sexual desire by substitution of nortriptyline: Journal of Sex Education & Therapy Vol 18(1) Spr 1992, 42-44.
  • Schubert, D. S. (1992). Reversal of ejaculatory failure (anorgasmia) with imipramine by substitution of nortriptyline: Journal of Sex Education & Therapy Vol 18(2) Sum 1992, 123-126.
  • Schulberg, H. C., Pilkonis, P. A., & Houck, P. (1998). The severity of major depression and choice of treatment in primary care practice: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol 66(6) Dec 1998, 932-938.
  • Schussler, J. M., Juenke, J. M., & Schussler, I. (2003). Quetiapine and falsely elevated nortriptyline level: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 160(3) Mar 2003, 589.
  • Seppala, T., & et al. (1977). Correlations between serum ami- and nortriptyline concentrations and psychomotor performance: Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica Vol 41(5) Nov 1977, 472-480.
  • Seppala, T., & et al. (1981). Tyramine pressor test and cardiovascular effects of chlorimipramine and nortriptyline in healthy volunteers: Biological Psychiatry Vol 16(1) Jan 1981, 71-77.
  • Shapiro, P. A. (1991). Nortriptyline treatment of depressed cardiac transplant recipients: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 148(3) Mar 1991, 371-373.
  • Shelton, R. C., & Loosen, P. T. (1993). Sleep deprivation accelerates the response to nortriptyline: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 17(1) Jan 1993, 113-123.
  • Shelton, R. C., Williamson, D. J., Corya, S. A., Sanger, T. M., Van Campen, L. E., Case, M., et al. (2005). Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Controlled Study of SSRI and Nortriptyline Resistance: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 66(10) Oct 2005, 1289-1297.
  • Simmons, S. A., Perry, P. J., Rickert, E. D., & Browne, J. L. (1985). Cost-benefit analysis of prospective pharmacokinetic dosing of nortriptyline in depressed inpatients: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol 8(1) Jan-Feb 1985, 47-53.
  • Skaer, T. L., Sclar, D. A., Robison, L. M., Galin, R. S., & et al. (1995). Economic valuation of amitriptyline, desipramine, nortriptyline, and sertraline in the management of patients with depression: Current Therapeutic Research Vol 56(6) Jun 1995, 556-567.
  • Slotkin, T. A., Whitmore, W. L., Dew, K. L., & Kilts, C. D. (1986). Uptake of serotonin into rat platelets and synaptosomes: Comparative structure-activity relationships, energetics and evaluation of the effects of acute and chronic nortriptyline administration: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 17(1) Jul 1986, 67-73.
  • Smith, E. H., & Gonzalez, R. (1967). Nortriptyline Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Enuresis in Mentally Retarded Boys: American Journal of Mental Deficiency 71(5) 1967, 825-827.
  • Smith, T., & Riskin, J. (1994). Effect of clozapine on plasma nortriptyline concentration: Pharmacopsychiatry Vol 27(1) Jan 1994, 41-42.
  • Sokolova, B. V., Zaichkina, T. S., & Rudenko, G. M. (1967). Trial Application of Nortriptyline in Various Depressive States: Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii 67(6) 1967, 911-915.
  • Solai, L. K., Pollock, B. G., Mulsant, B. H., Frye, R. F., Miller, M. D., Sweet, R. A., et al. (2002). Effect of nortriptyline and paroxetine on CYP2D6 activity in depresed elderly patients: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 22(5) Oct 2002, 481-486.
  • Sorensen, B., Kragh-Sorensen, P., Larsen, N.-E., & Hvidberg, E. F. (1978). The practical significance of nortriptyline plasma control: A prospective evaluation under routine conditions in endogenous depression: Psychopharmacology Vol 59(1) 1978, 35-39.
  • Soulairac, A., & et al. (1967). Evaluation of the Therapeutic Action of Nortriptyline in Depressive Syndromes: Annales Medico-Psychologiques 2(5) 1967, 772-775.
  • Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., Wilens, T., Steingard, R., & et al. (1993). Nortriptyline treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder or Tourette's syndrome: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol 32(1) Jan 1993, 205-210.
  • Stahl, S. M., Hauger, R. L., Rausch, J. L., Fleishaker, J. C., & et al. (1993). Downregulation of serotonin receptor subtypes by nortriptyline and adinazolam in major depressive disorder: Neuroendocrine and platelet markers: Clinical Neuropharmacology Vol 16(Suppl 3) 1993, S19-S31.
  • Stewart, J. A., & Mitchell, P. H. (1968). A Comparative Trial of Desipramine and Nortriptyline in Depression: British Journal of Psychiatry 114(509) 1968, 469-471.
  • Su, S., Ohno, Y., Lossin, C., Hibino, H., Inanobe, A., & Kurachi, Y. (2007). Inhibition of Astroglial Inwardly Rectifying Kir4.1 Channels by a Tricyclic Antidepressant, Nortriptyline: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Vol 320(2) Feb 2007, 573-580.
  • Szanto, K., Mulsant, B. H., Houck, P. R., Dew, M. A., Dombrovski, A., Pollock, B. G., et al. (2007). Emergence, persistence, and resolution of suicidal ideation during treatment of depression in old age: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol 98(1-2) Feb 2007, 153-161.
  • Tamai, S., & Almeida, O. P. (1997). Nortriptyline for the treatment of depression in progressive supranuclear palsy: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 45(8) Aug 1997, 1033-1034.
  • Tan, R. S. (1999). "Nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy as maintenance therapies for recurrent major depression: A randomized controlled trial in patients older than 59 years": Comment: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association Vol 281(20) May 1999, 1891.
  • Taylor, M. P., Reynolds, C. F., III, Frank, E., Dew, M. A., Mazumdar, S., Houck, P. R., et al. (1999). EEG sleep measures in later-life bereavement depression: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of nortriptyline: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 7(1) Win 1999, 41-47.
  • Testa, R., Angelico, P., & Abbiati, G. A. (1987). Effect of citalopram, amineptine, imipramine and nortriptyline on stress-induced (footshock) analgesia in rats: Pain Vol 29(2) May 1987, 247-255.
  • Thayssen, P., & et al. (1981). Cardiovascular effects of imipramine and nortriptyline in elderly patients: Psychopharmacology Vol 74(4) Sep 1981, 360-364.
  • Vale, S. (2007). Preventing postpartum complications in the depressed pregnant women: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 27(3) Jun 2007, 321-322.
  • Valentine, A. D., & Meyers, C. A. (1995). "Successful treatment of interferon-alfa-induced mood disorder with nortriptyline": Comment: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Vol 36(4) Jul-Aug 1995, 418-419.
  • Valle-Jones, J. C., Craven, J. R., Wallis, T. D., & Schiff, A. A. (1983). Mixed anxiety/depressive illness in general practice: A therapeutic comparison of nomifensine with fluphenazine/nortriptyline: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 68(6) Dec 1983, 494-500.
  • Vicario, M. J., & Velasco Martin, A. (2001). Effect of nortriptyline hydrochloride on several preparations of isolated organs of the guinea-pig and rat "in vitro." Revista Psiquis Vol 22(2) 2001, 37-41.
  • Vinar, O., Zapletalek, M., Kazdova, E., Nahunek, K., & et al. (1985). Antidepressant effects of lisuride are not different from effects of amitriptyline and nortriptyline: Activitas Nervosa Superior Vol 27(4) Dec 1985, 249-251.
  • Wagena, E. J., Knipschild, P., & Zeegers, M. P. A. (2005). Should nortriptyline be used as a first-line aid to help smokers quit? Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis: Addiction Vol 100(3) Mar 2005, 317-326.
  • Wagner, A., Ekqvist, B., Bertilsson, L., & Sjoqvist, F. (1984). Weak binding of 10-hydroxymetabolites of nortriptyline to rat brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: Life Sciences Vol 35(13) Sep 1984, 1379-1383.
  • Walker, E. A., Roy-Byrne, P. P., Katon, W. J., & Jemelka, R. (1991). An open trial of nortriptyline in women with chronic pelvic pain: International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine Vol 21(3) 1991, 245-252.
  • Walters, G., Reynolds, C. F., III, Mulsant, B. H., & Pollock, B. G. (1999). Continuation and maintenance pharmacotherapy in geriatric depression: An open-trial comparison of paroxetine and nortriptyline in patients older than 70 years: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 60(Suppl 20) 1999, 21-25.
  • Warner, M. D., Griffin, M., & Peabody, C. A. (1993). High initial nortriptyline doses in the treatment of depression: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 54(2) Feb 1993, 67-69.
  • Warner, M. D., & Peabody, C. A. (1993). Prolactin bioassay before and after treatment with nortriptyline: Current Therapeutic Research Vol 54(3) Sep 1993, 272-274.
  • Weber, E., Stack, J., Pollock, B. G., Mulsant, B., Begley, A., Mazumdar, S., et al. (2000). Weight change in older depressed patients during acute pharmacotherapy with paroxetine and nortriptyline: A double-blind randomized trial: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 8(3) Sum 2000, 245-250.
  • Weintraub, D. (2001). Nortriptyline in geriatric depression resistant to serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Case series: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology Vol 14(1) Spr 2001, 28-32.
  • Weintraub, D. (2001). Nortriptyline toxicity secondary to interaction with bupropion sustained release: Depression and Anxiety Vol 13(1) 2001, 50-52.
  • White, K., & et al. (1984). Tranylcypromine vs nortriptyline vs placebo in depressed outpatients: A controlled trial: Psychopharmacology Vol 82(3) 1984, 258-262.
  • Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Geist, D. E., Steingard, R., & et al. (1993). Nortriptyline in the treatment of ADHD: A chart review of 58 cases: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol 32(2) Mar 1993, 343-349.
  • Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Spencer, T., & Geist, D. E. (1993). A retrospective study of serum levels and electrocardiographic effects of nortriptyline in children and adolescents: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol 32(2) Mar 1993, 270-277.
  • Wing, V. C., & Shoaib, M. (2007). Examining the clinical efficacy of bupropion and nortriptyline as smoking cessation agents in a rodent model of nicotine withdrawal: Psychopharmacology Vol 195(3) Dec 2007, 303-313.
  • Wisner, K. L., Hanusa, B. H., Perel, J. M., Peindl, K. S., Piontek, C. M., Sit, D. K. Y., et al. (2006). Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Trial of Sertraline Versus Nortriptyline: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 26(4) Aug 2006, 353-360.
  • Wisner, K. L., & Perel, J. M. (1991). Serum nortriptyline levels in nursing mothers and their infants: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 148(9) Sep 1991, 1234-1239.
  • Wisner, K. L., & Perel, J. M. (1996). Nortriptyline treatment of breast-feeding women: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 153(2) Feb 1996, 295.
  • Wisner, K. L., Perel, J. M., Findling, R. L., & Hinnes, R. L. (1997). Nortriptyline and its hydroxymetabolites in breastfeeding mothers and newborns: Psychopharmacology Bulletin Vol 33(2) 1997, 249-251.
  • Wisner, K. L., Perel, J. M., Peindl, K. S., Findling, R. L., & Hanusa, B. H. (1997). Effects of the postpartum period on nortriptyline pharmacokinetics: Psychopharmacology Bulletin Vol 33(2) 1997, 243-248.
  • Wolfson, L., Miller, M., Houck, P., Ehrenpreis, L., & et al. (1997). Foci of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) in depressed elders: Clinical and outcome correlates in a combined IPT/nortriptyline protocol: Psychotherapy Research Vol 7(1) Spr 1997, 45-56.
  • Wright, J. H. (1986). Nortriptyline effects on cognition in depression: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Yeragani, V. K. (1996). Effects of nortriptyline on yohimbine-induced changes in heart rate variability: Biological Psychiatry Vol 39(5) Mar 1996, 385-386.
  • Yeragani, V. K., Pesce, V., Jayaraman, A., & Roose, S. (2002). Major depression with ischemic heart disease: Effects of paroxetine and nortriptyline on long-term heart rate variability measures: Biological Psychiatry Vol 52(5) Sep 2002, 418-429.
  • Yeragani, V. K., & Rao, R. (2003). Effect of nortriptyline and paroxetine on measures of chaos of heart rate time series in patients with panic disorder: Journal of Psychosomatic Research Vol 55(6) Dec 2003, 507-513.
  • Yeragani, V. K., Roose, S., Mallavarapu, M., Radhakrishna, R. K. A., & Pesce, V. (2002). Major depression with ischemic heart disease: Effects of paroxetine and nortriptyline on measures of nonlinearity and chaos of heart rate: Neuropsychobiology Vol 46(3) Sep 2002, 125-135.
  • Yeragani, V. K., Srinivasan, K., Pohl, R., Berger, R., & et al. (1994). Effects of nortriptyline on heart rate variability in panic disorder patients: A preliminary study using power spectral analysis of heart rate: Neuropsychobiology Vol 29(1) Jan 1994, 1-7.
  • Young, R. C., Kalayam, B., Nambudiri, D. E., Kakuma, T., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (1999). Brain morphology and response to nortriptyline in geriatric depression: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 7(2) Spr 1999, 147-150.
  • Young, R. C., Mattis, S., Alexopoulos, G. S., Meyers, B. S., & et al. (1991). Verbal memory and plasma drug concentrations in elderly depressives treated with nortriptyline: Psychopharmacology Bulletin Vol 27(3) 1991, 291-294.
  • Ziegler, V. E., Clayton, P. J., & Biggs, J. T. (1977). A comparison study of amitriptyline and nortriptyline with plasma levels: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 34(5) May 1977, 607-612.
  • Ziegler, V. E., Co, B. T., & Biggs, J. T. (1977). Plasma nortriptyline levels and ECG findings: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 134(4) Apr 1977, 441-443.
  • Ziegler, V. E., Knesevich, J. W., Wylie, L. T., & Biggs, J. T. (1977). Sampling time, dosage schedule, and nortriptyline plasma levels: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 34(5) May 1977, 613-615.
  • Ziegler, V. E., Taylor, J. R., Wetzel, R. D., & Biggs, J. T. (1978). Nortriptyline plasma levels and subjective side effects: British Journal of Psychiatry Vol 132 Jan 1978, 55-60.
  • Zimmer, B., Rosen, J., Thornton, J. E., Perel, J. M., & et al. (1991). Adjunctive lithium carbonate in nortriptyline-resistant elderly depressed patients: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Vol 11(4) Aug 1991, 254-256.
  • Zygmont, M., Prigerson, H. G., Houck, P. R., Miller, M. D., Shear, M. K., Jacobs, S., et al. (1998). A post hoc comparison of paroxetine and nortriptyline for symptoms of traumatic grief: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 59(5) May 1998, 241-245.


External links[]


Antidepressants (ATC N06A) edit
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) Harmaline, Iproclozide, Iproniazid, Isocarboxazid, Nialamide, Phenelzine, Selegiline, Toloxatone, Tranylcypromine
Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) Brofaromine, Moclobemide
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DARI) Amineptine, Phenmetrazine, Vanoxerine, Modafinil
Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors Bupropion
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) or (NARI) Atomoxetine, Maprotiline, Reboxetine, Viloxazine
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) Duloxetine, Milnacipran, Venlafaxine
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Alaproclate, Etoperidone, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Zimelidine
Selective serotonin reuptake enhancer (SSRE) Tianeptine
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Butriptyline, Clomipramine, Desipramine, Dibenzepin, Dothiepin, Doxepin, Imipramine, Iprindole, Lofepramine, Melitracen, Nortriptyline, Opipramol, Protriptyline, Trimipramine
Tetracyclic antidepressants Maprotiline, Mianserin, Nefazodone, Trazodone
Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA) Mirtazapine
This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.
Advertisement

Fan Feed

More Psychology Wiki