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Statistics: Scientific method · Research methods · Experimental design · Undergraduate statistics courses · Statistical tests · Game theory · Decision theory
P-hacking is a colloquial term for the process of manipulating – perhaps unconsciously - the process of statistical analysis and the degrees of freedom until they return a figure below the p<.05 level of statistical significance. This is achieved by dropping one of the experimental conditions in the results so that the overall p-value would be less than .05.
This can be avoided by ensuring where appropriate, that the design of an experiment includes a clear statement proposing the analyses to be undertaken.