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Parachlorophenylalanine chemical structure
Parachlorophenylalanine

2-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)propanoic acid
IUPAC name
CAS number
7424-00-2
ATC code

[[ATC_code_|]][1]

PubChem
4652
DrugBank
[2]
Chemical formula {{{chemical_formula}}}
Molecular weight 199.634 g/mol
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life
Excretion
Pregnancy category
Legal status
Routes of administration



Parachlorophenylalanine (p-Chlorophenylalanine, PCPA) aka Fenclonine is a synthetic amino acid which acts as a selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin.[1] Fenclonine consequently depletes serotonin in the body and reduces its actions, acting as an indirect serotonin antagonist. It is used in scientific research to investigate the effects of serotonin depletion on behaviour.[2]


See also[]

References[]

  1. Jéquier E, Lovenberg W, Sjoerdsma A. Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibition: the mechanism by which p-chlorophenylalanine depletes rat brain serotonin. Molecular Pharmacology. 1967 May;3(3):274-8. PMID 6037686
  2. O'Leary OF, Bechtholt AJ, Crowley JJ, Hill TE, Page ME, Lucki I. Depletion of serotonin and catecholamines block the acute behavioral response to different classes of antidepressant drugs in the mouse tail suspension test. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 2007 Jun;192(3):357-71. PMID 17318507

Further reading[]

Books[]

  • Harvey, B. H., Naciti, C., Brand, L., & Stein, D. J. (2004). Serotonin and Stress: Protective or Malevolent Actions in the Biobehavioral Response to Repeated Trauma? New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences.
  • Boranic, M., Pericic, D., Poljak-Blazi, M., Sverko, V., & Marotti, T. (1987). Suppression of immune response in rats by stress and drugs interfering with metabolism of serotonin. New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences.

Papers[]

Alexander, G. J., & Kopeloff, L. M. (1976). Additive effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan and p-chlorophenylalanine in preventing audiogenic seizures in inbred mice: Psychopharmacology Communications Vol 2(5-6) 1976, 379-390.

  • Alexander, G. J., & Kopeloff, L. M. (1978). Anticonvulsive effect of p-chlorophenylalanine in mice on a low magnesium diet: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 8(3) Mar 1978, 291-293.
  • Alpern, H. P., & Jackson, S. J. (1978). Short-term memory: A neuropharmacologically distinct process: Behavioral & Neural Biology Vol 22(2) Feb 1978, 133-146.
  • Altenor, A., & DeYoe, E. A. (1977). The effects of {dl}-p-chlorophenylalanine on learned helplessness in the rat: Behavioral & Neural Biology Vol 20(1) May 1977, 111-115.
  • Amar, A., & Sanyal, A. K. (1981). Immobilization stress in rats: Effect on rectal temperature and possible role of brain monoamines in hypothermia: Psychopharmacology Vol 73(2) Apr 1981, 157-160.
  • Annerbrink, K., Olsson, M., Melchior, L. K., Hedner, J., & Eriksson, E. (2003). Serotonin depletion increases respiratory variability in freely moving rats: implications for panic disorder: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 6(1) Mar 2003, 51-56.
  • Armario, A., Marti, O., & Gavalda, A. (1992). Negative feedback of corticosterone on the pituitary-adrenal axis is maintained after inhibition of serotonin synthesis with parachlorophenylalanine: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 28(6) Jun 1992, 915-918.
  • Armario, A., Marti, O., Gavalda, A., & Lopez-Calderon, A. (1993). Evidence for the involvement of serotonin in acute stress-induced release of luteinizing hormone in the male rat: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 31(1-2) 1993, 29-31.
  • Baker, G. B., Martin, I. L., Coutts, R. T., & Benderly, A. (1982). Para-chlorophenylethylamine in brains of rats treated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and p-chlorophenylalanine: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 6(4-6) 1982, 343-346.
  • Baker, M. W., Vohra, M. M., & Croll, R. P. (1993). Serotonin depletors, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and p-chlorophenylalanine, cause sprouting in the CNS of the adult snail: Brain Research Vol 623(2) Oct 1993, 311-315.
  • Balander, R. J., Bursian, S. J., Van Krey, H. P., & Siegel, P. B. (1984). Mating behavior and brain biogenic amine concentrations in chickens treated with parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA): Physiology & Behavior Vol 32(4) Apr 1984, 603-607.
  • Beiko, J., Candusso, L., & Cain, D. P. (1997). The effect of nonspatial water maze pretraining in rats subjected to serotonin depletion and muscarinic receptor antagonism: A detailed behavioural assessment of spatial performance: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 88(2) Nov 1997, 201-211.
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  • Bond, N. W. (1986). Prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring hyperactivity: Effects of para-chlorophenylalanine and methysergide: Neurobehavioral Toxicology & Teratology Vol 8(6) Nov-Dec 1986, 667-673.
  • Boranic, M., Pericic, D., Poljak-Blazi, M., Sverko, V., & et al. (1987). Suppression of immune response in rats by stress and drugs interfering with metabolism of serotonin: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol 496 May 1987, 485-491.
  • Borbely, A. A., Neuhaus, H. U., & Tobler, I. (1981). Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine and tryptophan on sleep, EEG and motor activity in the rat: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 2(1) Jan 1981, 1-22.
  • Boren, J. L., Suarez, S. D., & Gallup, G. G. (1981). p-Chloroamphetamine: Effects on tonic immobility, activity, and temperature in chickens: Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology Vol 95(6) Dec 1981, 991-1002.
  • Buchanan, C. P., Shrier, E. M., & Hill, W. L. (1994). Time-dependent effects of PCPA on social aggression in chicks: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 49(3) Nov 1994, 483-488.
  • Butcher, R. E., & et al. (1977). Induced PKU in rats: Effects of age and melatonin treatment: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 7(2) Aug 1977, 129-133.
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  • Coscina, D. V., Daniel, J., & Warsh, J. J. (1978). Potential non-serotonergic basis of hyperphagia elicited by intraventricular p-chlorophenylalanine: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 9(6) Dec 1978, 791-797.
  • Dasari, S., Viele, K., Turner, A. C., & Cooper, R. L. (2007). Influence of PCPA and MDMA (ecstasy) on physiology, development and behavior in drosophila melanogaster: European Journal of Neuroscience Vol 26(2) Jul 2007, 424-438.
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  • Dourish, C. T., Hutson, P. H., & Curzon, G. (1986). Para-chlorophenylalanine prevents feeding induced by the serotonin agonist-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT): Psychopharmacology Vol 89(4) Jul 1986, 467-471.
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  • Dryden, S., Frankish, H. M., Wang, Q., & Williams, G. (1996). Increased feeding and neuropeptide Y (NPY) but not NPY mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of the rat following central administration of the serotonin synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine: Brain Research Vol 724(2) Jun 1996, 232-237.
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  • Fitzgerald, R. E., Oettinger, R., & Battig, K. (1985). Reduction of nicotine-induced hyperactivity by pCPA: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 23(2) Aug 1985, 279-284.
  • Fjalland, B. (1979). Antagonism of apomorphine-induced hyperthermia in MAOI-pretreated rabbits as a sensitive model of neuroleptic activity: Psychopharmacology Vol 63(2) 1979, 119-123.
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  • Frankel, D., Khanna, J. M., Kalant, H., & Leblanc, A. E. (1978). Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on the loss and maintenance of tolerance to ethanol: Psychopharmacology Vol 56(2) 1978, 139-143.
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  • Gibbons, J. L., Barr, G. A., Bridger, W. H., & Leibowitz, S. F. (1978). Effects of para-chlorophenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan on mouse killing behavior in killer rats: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 9(1) Jul 1978, 91-98.
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  • Gratton, A. (1982). Time course analysis of para-chlorophenylalanine induced suppression of self-stimulation behavior: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 17(4) Oct 1982, 597-602.
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  • Harder, J. A., Kelly, M. E., Cheng, C. H. K., & Costall, B. (1996). Combined pCPA and muscarinic antagonist treatment produces a deficit in rat water maze acquisition: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 55(1) Sep 1996, 61-65.
  • Haskett, C., & Mueller, K. (1987). The effects of serotonin depletion on the voltammetric response to amphetamine: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 28(3) Nov 1987, 381-384.
  • Honma, K.-i., Watanabe, K., & Hiroshige, T. (1979). Effect of parachlorophenylalanine and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine on the free-running rhythms of locomotor activity and plasma corticosterone in the rat exposed to continuous light: Brain Research Vol 169(3) Jun 1979, 531-544.
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Dissertations[]

  • Balander, R. J. (1979). Neural and endocrine control of mating behavior in selected mating lines of chickens and quail: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Dudley, V. (1989). Aggression in female hamsters as a function of reproductive state and availability of serotonin: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Emery, D. E. (1977). Neuroendocrine factors influencing masculine copulatory behavior in the female rat: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Foster, H. G. (1978). Effects of low brain serotonin on acquisition and extinction in an information processing task: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Gibbons, J. L. (1976). Serotonergic mechanisms and predatory aggression: The effects produced by PCPA, tryptophan injections, and a tryptophan-free diet on mouse killing behavior by rats: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Hartse, K. M. (1978). A pharmacological comparison of sleep-related reptilian spike potentials and mammalian limbic spike potentials: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Johnston, W. L. (1991). Role of brain serotonin in the control of food intake by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Kraemer, G. W. (1978). Effects of alterations in biogenic amine metabolism on the protest-despair response to peer separation in rhesus monkeys: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Marks, G. A. (1979). Central phasic activity associated with REM sleep in the albino rat: The homologue of the PGO spike: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Pohl, R. W. (1979). Adventitious taste aversion conditioning: Contaminant of psychopharmacological research: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Smith, R. F. (1977). Ascending serotonergic system modulating footshock sensitivity in the rat: Dissertation Abstracts International.


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