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Peripheral chemoreceptors act principally to detect variation of the oxygen concentration in the arterial blood, whilst also monitoring arterial carbon dioxide and pH. They are located in the aortic body and carotid body, on the transverse aortic arch and on the common carotid artery, respectively. The carotid bodies are most sensitive to changes in partial pressure of arterial oxygen and pH. The aortic bodies are most sensitive to the content of arterial oxygen. In contrast, the central chemoreceptors are relatively insensitive to oxygen concentration, and thus to hypoxia.
The glomus cell senses a decrease or rise in blood oxygen levels in the carotid artery, and potassium ion-gates close, causing calcium to flow into the cytosol of the cell, releasing continual signal which is sent via cranial nerves IX and X, from the peripheral chemoreceptors to the brainstem.[1] With a decrease in arterial oxygen tension and content or drop in plasma pH, the signal intensifies, and results in an increase in ventilation rate.
See also[]
References[]
External links[]
- Physiology at MCG 4/4ch6/s4ch6_20
- Overview at cvphysiology.com
Respiratory system, physiology: respiratory physiology | |
|---|---|
| Volumes |
lung volumes - vital capacity - functional residual capacity - respiratory minute volume - closing capacity - dead space - spirometry - body plethysmography - peak flow meter - thoracic independent volume - bronchial challenge test |
| Airways |
ventilation (V) (positive pressure) - breath (inhalation, exhalation) -respiratory rate - respirometer - pulmonary surfactant - compliance - hysteresivity - airway resistance |
| Blood |
pulmonary circulation - perfusion (Q) - hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction - pulmonary shunt |
| Interactions |
ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q) and scan - zones of the lung - gas exchange - pulmonary gas pressures - alveolar gas equation - hemoglobin - oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve (2,3-DPG, Bohr effect, Haldane effect) - carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift) - oxyhemoglobin - respiratory quotient - arterial blood gas - diffusion capacity - Dlco |
| Control of respiration |
pons (pneumotaxic center, apneustic center) - medulla (dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group) - chemoreceptors (central, peripheral) - pulmonary stretch receptors - Hering-Breuer reflex |
| Insufficiency |
high altitude - oxygen toxicity - hypoxia |
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