Psychology Wiki

Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual differences | Personality | Philosophy | Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |

Clinical: Approaches · Group therapy · Techniques · Types of problem · Areas of specialism · Taxonomies · Therapeutic issues · Modes of delivery · Model translation project · Personal experiences ·


Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalytic theory

ConsciousPreconscious
UnconsciousLibidoDrive
Id, ego, and super-ego
Psychoanalytic interpretation
TransferenceResistance
Psychoanalytic personality factors
Psychosexual development
Psychosocial development

Schools of thought

Freudian Psychoanalytic School
Analytical psychology
Ego psychology
Self psychologyLacanian
Neo-Freudian school
Neopsychoanalytic School
Object relations
InterpersonalRelational
The Independent Group
AttachmentEgo psychology

Psychoanalysts

Sigmund FreudCarl Jung
Alfred AdlerAnna Freud
Karen HorneyJacques Lacan
Ronald FairbairnMelanie Klein
Harry Stack Sullivan
Erik EriksonNancy Chodorow

Important works

The Interpretation of Dreams
Four Fundamental Concepts
Beyond the Pleasure Principle

Also

History of psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysts
Psychoanalytic training


An idea originally established by Sigmund Freud following his work with patient Elizabeth (1892), who had been suffering from hysterical symptoms with no organic basis. As was the norm for Freud at the time, he attempted hypnotising her, but found she was prone to awaking from the trance with no memory of what had happened, consequentely causing there to be no therapeutic benefit to the hypnotic sessions. This phenomenon was coined resistance, and was regarded as a general obstinacy toward discussing, remembering, or thinking about troubling or threatening past events.

Psychoanalytic Origins of Resistance[]

“There is, however, another point of view which you may take up in order to understand the psychoanalytic method. The discovery of the unconscious and the introduction of it into consciousness is performed in the face of a continuous resistance (Widerstände) on the part of the patient. The process of bringing this unconscious material to light is associated with pain (Unlust), and because of this pain the patient again and again rejects it. It is for you then to interpose in this conflict in the patient’s mental life. If you succeed in persuading him to accept, by virtue of a better understanding, something that up to now, in consequence of this automatic regulation by pain, he has rejected (repressed), you will then have accomplished something towards his education. For it is an education even to induce a person who dislikes leaving his bed early in the morning to do so all the same. Psychoanalytic treatment may in general be conceived of as such a re-education in overcoming internal resistances.” (Sigmund Freud, 1959/1904, pp. 261-262, parentheses in original)

Primary Gain Versus Secondary Gain Models of Resistance[]

Secondary gain[]

Although the term resistance as we know it today in psychotherapy is largely associated with Sigmund Freud, the idea that some patients “cling to their disease” (S. Freud, 1959/1904, p. 254) was a popular one in medicine in the nineteenth century and referred to patients whose maladies did not improve due, presumably, to the ‘secondary gains’ of social, physical, and financial benefits associated with illness (Leahy, 2001). Freud’s only contribution to that initial notion of resistance came as a side-effect from his larger, more revolutionary contribution to the field of psychology: The dissemination and popularization of the influence of the unconscious on human behavior (Hergenhan & Olson, 2003). Accordingly, although Freud was trained in and familiar with the notion of secondary gain popular at the time (Freud, 1959/1926a, pp. 97-100), he came to see it as an unconscious phenomenon.

Primary gain[]

Freud’s more specific contribution to the treatment of the mentally dis-eased was a model of human psychological functioning that offered an explanation of the primary gains that patients derive from their psychiatric symptoms (Fenichel, 1945; Wolitzky, 2003). This model explains that the symptoms represent an unconscious tradeoff in exchange for the sufferer being spared other, experientially worse, psychological displeasures (Unlusten). This conceptualization of primary gain is what Freud (1959/1896) labeled a “compromise formation,” (Kompromisslösung; p. 163). And while the distinction between primary gain (internal benefits) and secondary gain (external benefits) was not directly articulated by Freud, it was alluded to, for example: “In civil life illness can be used as a screen to gloss over incompetence in one’s profession or in competition with other people; while in the family it can serve as a means for sacrificing the other members and extorting proofs of their love or for imposing one’s will upon them….we sum it up in the term ‘gain from illness’….But there are other motives, that lie still deeper, for holding on to being ill…[b]ut these cannot be understood without a fresh journey into psychological theory” (1959/1926b, pp. 222-223).

Resistance as Conflicting Agencies[]

So to Freud resistance was really an intrapsychic compromise arranged in order to avoid losing more. But with whom was the arrangement established? —And by whom? As the word’s definition suggests, a compromise is reached between two or more conflicting agencies. In this case one of the agencies desires to not experience discomfort. Freud (1959/1896) called this psychic agency “the repressing” (p. 163), or, later, “the pleasure-pain (Lust-Unlust) principle” (1959/1911; p. 14), which eventually came to be referred to as the “id” (Freud, 1959/1937a; Wyss, 1973). The other agency works to maintain contact with worldly experiences. Freud (1959/1896) called that psychic agency “the repressed” (p. 163), or, later, “the reality principle” (1959/1911; p. 14), which eventually came to be referred to as the “ego” (Freud, 1959/1937a; Wyss, 1973). The compromise they strive for is to achieve maximum drive satisfaction (“cathexis” or attachment) with minimum resultant pain (negative reactions from within and without). Freud (1959/1911) theorized that psychopathology was due to unsuccessful compromises: “We have long observed that every neurosis has the result, and therefore probably the purpose, of forcing the patient out of real life, of alienating him from actuality” (p. 13).

Client Resistance as Pathogenic in Practice[]

However, it is crucial to note that compromise formations reached by these two agencies were not theorized by Freud to be inherently pathogenic. They were seen as being inherently human. That is, the compromise formation leading to psychiatric symptoms was seen as pathological only because it led to psychiatric symptoms. The pathology was not understood as the act of compromise per se—because compromise between the different agencies of the mind (later named the id or unconscious sex and destruction drives, ego or reality principle, and superego or conscience) represented to Freud (1959/1937a) the fundamental human condition (Wyss, 1973)—but from the results of the specific compromise that led to undesirable symptoms. Similarly, a compromise solution was seen as resulting in “successful defense” (S. Freud, 1959/1896, p. 163)—against displeasure—as long as it resulted in “apparent health” (p. 163), understood as a lack of symptoms. But that was not the case for people who sought treatment: Their compromises were by definition not successful—otherwise they would not be distressed and seeking help. Thus, practically speaking, among people seeking treatment, the compromises they had previously reached were ipso facto pathogenic.

The Key Players in Freud’s Theory of Resistance[]

The key players in this Kompromisslösung theory of symptom production and maintenance present the core kernel of Freud’s theory of resistance. They are: Repression (often used interchangeably with the term anticathexis, to describe the force which counters cathexis, or drive satisfaction), defense, displeasure, anxiety, danger, compromise, symptom, and experience (either external or internal). Three of the terms occasionally were used interchangeably by Freud—resistance, repression, and defense—with subtle differences in meaning: Resistance often was used to refer to the behavioral manifestations of avoiding direct contact with distressing ideas (inclusive of affects), while defense was the higher order construct which explained the behavioral manifestations, and repression was the general act of denying awareness (Strachey, 1959). As Freud (1959/1926) wrote, “The action undertaken to protect repression is observable in analytic treatment as resistance. Resistance presupposes the existence of what I have called anticathexis” (p. 157). And, “The task of defense against a dangerous perception is, incidentally, common to all neuroses” (p. 159). Similarly, the terms anxiety, displeasure, and danger often were used indistinguishably, having the general meaning of negative affect, while occasionally having more specific meanings. The more specific meanings can be summarized as either experiences of helplessness and loss of object (also referred to as fear), or “signal anxiety” acting to warn of potential impending loss or helplessness (Freud, 1959/1926, pp. 169-172; Strachey, 1959; Wyss, 1973).

The Sea Change in Freud’s Theory of Resistance[]

Although Freud (1959/1896) originally theorized anxiety as resulting from the process of repression (a theory which stemmed from his observations of hysterias, phobias and obsessions—entailing pathological manifestations of anxiety—and his striving towards an energy conservation model of the psyche; Strachey, 1959; Wyss, 1973), by 1926 he publicly abandoned that notion and assigned the role of anxiety to the ego, explaining repression as resulting from anxiety experienced by the ego (Freud, 1959/1926; p. 161; Strachey, 1959; Wyss, 1973). The “defense neuro-psychoses” (viz., hysteria, obsessions, and phobias; Freud, 1959/1894) then came to be understood as compromise formations negotiated by the ego, albeit still unconsciously (Freud, 1959/1937a; p. 341), to defend against the anxiety of becoming aware of distressing repressed material (Strachey, 1959; Wyss, 1973). This sea change is interesting because it hints toward initial movement by Freud from a strictly objectivist model of knowledge to a constructivist one, as the ego is transmuted from reporting on reality to arbitrating it. Similarly, in some ways Freud’s classic psychoanalytic conceptualization of resistance as defense against painful ‘realities’ exemplifies the modernist pursuit of veridical knowledge—including the metaphor of psychoanalysis as surgery or an archaeological excavation (1959/1937b, p. 360). In other ways Freud (1959/1904) seems to hint towards an appreciation of the constructive nature of experience—viewing resistance as part of a process of “the play of mental forces…which alone makes it possible to comprehend behavior in daily life” (p. 254) and demonstrating the human tendency to construct meaning based on past experiences and to interpret the past based on current experience. Freud (1959/1912) called this tendency “Übertragen” (p. 312), translatable as “carried over” or “carried forward” (Universität München, n.d.), but better known as transference. Freud (1959/1912) accordingly referred to transference manifestations as “stereotypes,” “prototypes,” or “clichés” (p. 313) people use to increase satisfaction of their wishes in their encounters with the world. Not surprisingly, Freud (1959/1925) came to understand resistance and transference to be circularly tied to each other, as resistance works to maintain transference while transference shapes resistance. Their occurrence in psychoanalysis was unmistakable to Freud, and important and frequent enough that they became the foundation of the entire psychoanalytic endeavor: "It may thus be said that the theory of psycho-analysis is an attempt to account for two observed facts that strike one conspicuously and unexpectedly whenever an attempt is made to trace the symptoms of a neurotic back to their source in his past life: the facts of transference and resistance. Any line of investigation, no matter what its direction, which recognizes these two facts and takes them as the starting-point of its work may call itself psychoanalysis, though it arrives at results other than my own" (S. Freud, 1959/1914b, p.298). Indeed, to this day most major schools of psychotherapeutic thought continue to at least recognize—if not ‘take as the starting-point’—the two phenomena of transference and resistance (e.g., Beutler, et al., 2002; Leahy, 2001; Anderson & Stewart, 1983; Wachtel, 1982).

Freud’s Five Kinds of Resistance[]

Having conceded libido (and its inherent motivation and agency) to the ego as well as to the id, and through the ego to the superego, Freud (1959/1926, pp. 157-160) then delineated “five kinds of resistances that are met with in analysis” (while stressing that the list is not exhaustive), three by the ego, one by the id, and one by the superego, listed respectively: 1. "Repression," e.g. reaction-formation, obsession, phobia (i.e. denial or avoidance) 2. "Transference," (i.e. projection) 3. "Gain from illness," (i.e. secondary gain) 4. "Compulsion to repeat," (i.e. acting out) 5. "Sense of guilt or need for punishment," (i.e. self-sabotage) All of them serve the explicit purpose of defending the ego against feelings of discomfort, for, as Freud (1959/1926) wrote: "It is hard for the ego to direct its attention to perceptions and ideas which it has up till now made a rule of avoiding, or to acknowledge as belonging to itself impulses that are the complete opposite of those which it knows as its own" (p. 159). The first two forms of resistance work to prevent material from reaching awareness, while the last three work to keep material that was previously avoided out of awareness.

Freud’s Treatment of Resistance[]

Freud viewed all five categories of resistance as requiring more than just intellectual insight or understanding to overcome. He characterized psychoanalysis as comprising three processes of overcoming pathogenic resistances, "recollection, repetition, and working through" (1959/1914a, p. 366), and emphasized the crucial component of ‘working through’ in the change process: "This condition of present illness is shifted bit by bit within the range and field of operation of the treatment, and while the patient lives it through as something real and actual, we have to accomplish the therapeutic task, which consists chiefly in translating it back again into terms of the past" (p. 371). Working through thus allows clients "to get to know this resistance" and "discover the repressed instinctual trends which are feeding the resistance" (p. 375) and it is this experientially convincing process which "distinguishes analytic treatment from every kind of suggestive treatment" (p. 376). For this reason Freud (1959/1913) insisted that therapists remain neutral, saying only as much as "is absolutely necessary to keep him [the patient] talking" (p. 343), so that resistance could be seen as clearly as possible in clients’ transference, and become obvious to the clients themselves. The importance to Freud of working through in successful psychoanalytic treatment—and its requirement that the resistance be acknowledged and reassessed with the renewed recognition of past events—thus reiterates the inextricable link suggested by Freud between transference and resistance ("transference-resistance," Freud, 1959/1912; Fenichel, 1945; see also empirical support in Patton, Kivlighan, Jr., & Multon, 1997), and perhaps encapsulates his legacy to psychotherapy.



See also[]

References[]

Anderson, C. M. & Stewart, S. (1983). Mastering resistance: A practical guide to family therapy. New York: Guilford Press.

Beutler, L. E., Moleiro, C. M., & Talebi, H. (2002a). Resistance in psychotherapy: What conclusions are supported by research? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(2), 207-217.

Beutler, L. E., Moleiro, C. M., & Talebi, H. (2002b). Resistance. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Therapist contributions and responsiveness to patient needs (pp. 129-144). New York: Oxford University Press.

Bischoff, M. M. (1997). Predictors of client resistance in the counseling interaction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

Fenichel, O. (1945). The psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. New York: Norton.

Freud, S. & Breuer, J. (1959). On the psychical mechanism of hysterical phenomena. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 1, pp. 24-41). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1893)

Freud, S. (1959). The defense neuro-psychoses. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 1, pp. 59-75). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1894)

Freud, S. (1959). Further remarks on the defense neuro-psychoses. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 1, pp. 155-182). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1896)

Freud, S. (1959). Formulations regarding the two principles in mental functioning. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 4, pp. 13-21). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1911)

Freud, S. (1959). The dynamics of the transference. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 2, pp. 312-322). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1912)

Freud, S. (1959). Further recommendations in the technique of psychoanalysis. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 2, pp. 342-365). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1913)

Freud, S. (1959). Further recommendations in the technique of psychoanalysis: Recollection, repetition, and working through. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 2, pp. 366-376). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1914a)

Freud, S. (1959). On the history of the psycho-analytic movement. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 1, pp. 287-359). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1914b)

Freud, S. (1959). An autobiographical study. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.) The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 20, pp. 7-70). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published in 1925)

Freud, S. (1959). Inhibitions, symptoms, and anxiety. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.) The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 20, pp. 75-175). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published in 1926a)

Freud, S. (1959). The question of lay analysis. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.) The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 20, pp. 183-250). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published in 1926b)

Freud, S. (1959). Analysis terminable and interminable. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 5, pp. 316-357). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1937a)

Freud, S. (1959). Constructions in analysis. In E. Jones (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.) Collected Papers (Vol. 5, pp. 358-371). New York: Basic Books. (Original work published in 1937b)

Gabbard, G. O. (2001). Psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. In W. J. Livesley (Ed.), Handbook of personality disorders: Theory, research, and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.

Hergenhahn, B. R., & Olson, M. H. (2003). An introduction to theories of personality (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Leahy, R. L. (2001). Overcoming resistance in cognitive therapy. New York: Guilford Press.

Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational interviewing (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

Patton, M. J., Kivlighan Jr., D. M., & Mutton, K. D. (1997). The Missouri Psychoanalytic Counseling Research Project: Relation of changes in counseling process to client outcomes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44(2), 189-208.

Phares, E.J., & Chaplin, W.F. (1997). Psychoanalytic theory: The Freudian revolution, dissent, and revision. Introduction to personality, 4th ed. Addison-Wesley.

Popper, K. R. (1992). Realism and the aim of science. New York: Routledge. (Original work published in 1956)

Strachey, J. (1959). Editor’s introduction. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.) The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 20, pp. 77-86). London: Hogarth Press.

Turkat, I. D. & Meyer, V. (1982). The behavior-analytic approach. In P. L. Wachtel (Ed.) Resistance: Psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. New York: Plenum Press.

Universität München (n.d.). Retrieved July 2, 2004, from http://dict.leo.org/?p=1ZRX..&search=uebertragen

Wachtel, P. L. (1982). Resistance: Psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. New York: Plenum Press.

Winston, B., Samstag, L. W., Winston, A., & Muran, J. C. (1994). Patient defense/therapist interventions. Psychotherapy: Theory, research, practice, training, 31(3), 478-491.

Wolitzky, D. L. (2003). The theory and practice of traditional psychoanalytic treatment. In A. S. Gurman & S. B. Messer (Eds.) Essential psychotherapies (2nd ed., pp. 24-68). New York: Guilford Press.

Wyss, D. (1973). Psychoanalytic schools from the beginning to the present (G. Onn Trans.). New York: Aronson. (Original work published in 1961)

Further reading[]

  • Abrams, S. (1978). The ceiling tiles: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 47(1) Jan 1978, 116-117.
  • Addison, R. E. (1977). The racially different patient in individual and group psychotherapy: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 9(1) Sum 1977, 39-40.
  • Adler, E., & Bachant, J. L. (1998). Intrapsychic and interactive dimensions of resistance: A contemporary perspective: Psychoanalytic Psychology Vol 15(4) Fal 1998, 451-479.
  • Aisenstein, M. (1992). Are there impossible regressions? : Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 56(4) Oct-Dec 1992, 995-1004.
  • Aisenstein, M. (2000). Presentation, working-through, healing: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 64(4) Oct-Nov 2000, 1065-1076.
  • Aite, P. (1985). Frustration-pleasure: A clinical experience: Rivista di Psicologia Analitica Vol 16(31) 1985, 78-89.
  • Aksenova, I. O., Vovin, R. Y., & Sverdlov, L. S. (1980). On the analysis of causes of therapeutic resistance in protracted depressive states: Trudy Leningradskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Psikhonevrologicheskogo Instituta im V M Bekhtereva Vol 95 1980, 86-92.
  • Alexandre, F. (1997). Negative Therapeutic Reaction: Shadow of despair? : Revista Portuguesa de Psicanalise No 16 Sep 1997, 27-39.
  • Alford, B. A., & Lantka, A. L. (2000). Processes of clinical change and resistance: A theoretical synthesis: Behavior Modification Vol 24(4) Sep 2000, 566-579.
  • Allgood, S. M., Bischoff, R. J., Smith, T. A., & Salts, C. J. (1992). Therapist interventions: Do they really influence client resistance? : American Journal of Family Therapy Vol 20(4) Win 1992, 333-340.
  • Alnaes, R., & Hoglend, P. (1985). Transference and resistance in the treatment of patients with narcissistic personality disorders: Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift Vol 39(2) 1985, 119-127.
  • Altshul, V. A. (1993). Some characteristic initial resistances in psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Amatea, E. S. (1988). Engaging the reluctant client: Some new strategies for the school counselor: School Counselor Vol 36(1) Sep 1988, 34-40.
  • Anchor, K. N., & Sandler, H. M. (1973). Psychotherapy sabotage and avoidance of self-disclosure: Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association 1973, 485-486.
  • Ansbacher, H. L. (1981). Prescott Lecky's concept of resistance and his personality: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 37(4) Oct 1981, 791-795.
  • Anscombe, R. (1986). Treating the patient who "can't" versus treating the patient who "won't." American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 40(1) Jan 1986, 26-35.
  • Anthi, P. R. (1995). Resistance analysis and psychic reality: The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child Vol 50 1995, 32-47.
  • Arensberg, F. (1973). The encounter group as a quest for the nurturant mother: Group Process Vol 5(2) 1973, 161-172.
  • Arkowitz, H. (2002). Toward an integrative perspective on resistance to change: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 58(2) Feb 2002, 219-227.
  • Arkowitz, H., & Engle, D. (2007). Understanding and working with resistant ambivalence in psychotherapy: An integrative approach. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Arpin, R., Cyr, G., & Dulude, D. (1985). Reflection on the practice of analytic group therapy with female adolescents in an institutional setting: Revue Canadienne de Psycho-Education Vol 14(2) 1985, 88-99.
  • Astor, M. H. (1994). Therapeutic neurosis: The need to resist the healing process in psychotherapy: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 24(1) Spr 1994, 39-50.
  • Athanassiou, C. (1993). Listening to countertranference: The place of the superego in the psychic functioning of the psychoanalyst: Revista de Psicoanalisis Vol 50(4-5) Jul-Oct 1993, 781-793.
  • Atkins, R. N. (1985). Psychosexual issues in pathologic preoccupation: Some comments: International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 11 1985-1986, 427-433.
  • Auld, F., & Hyman, M. (1991). Resistance: The ego defends against the unconscious becoming conscious. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). Interpretation: The therapist and client bring the unconscious conflict to light. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). Resistance: The ego defends against the unconscious becoming conscious. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Austin, D. S., & Dvorkin, J. M. (1993). Resistance in individual music therapy: The Arts in Psychotherapy Vol 20(5) 1993, 423-429.
  • Avni, A., & Lazar, R. (1998). Dynamic perspectives of paradoxical intervention: Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences Vol 35(1) 1998, 38-47.
  • Baker, E. L. (1983). Resistance in hypnotherapy of primitive states: Its meaning and management: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Vol 31(2) Apr 1983, 82-89.
  • Baker, E. L. (1983). The use of hypnotic dreaming in the treatment of the borderline patient: Some thoughts on resistance and transitional phenomena: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Vol 31(1) Jan 1983, 19-27.
  • Baker, K. D., Sullivan, H., & Marszalek, J. M. (2003). Therapeutic reactance in a depressed client sample: A comparison of two measures: Assessment Vol 10(2) Jun 2003, 135-142.
  • Baker, M. W. (1998). The loss of the selfobject tie and religious fundamentalism: Journal of Psychology & Theology Vol 26(3) Fal 1998, 223-231.
  • Baker, M. W. (1999). The psychodynamic treatment of resistance with a religious patients from the perspective of intersubjectivity theory: Journal of Psychology & Theology Vol 27(4) Win 1999, 291-299.
  • Balgopal, P. R., & Hull, R. F. (1973). Keeping secrets: Group resistance for patients and therapists: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice Vol 10(4) Win 1973, 334-336.
  • Balzer, W. (1993). "Death and the Compass": Reflections on treacherous plausibility in the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissitic patients with a digression on a short story by J. L. Borges: Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse Vol 31 1993, 9-47.
  • Barazer, C., & Ehrenberg, C. (1997). Neurotic pain and social unhappiness: Topique: Revue Freudienne Vol 27(62) 1997, 37-59.
  • Barbanell, L. (1997). The management of resistance using time-out technique: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 47(4) Oct 1997, 509-512.
  • Barongan, C. (2005). Starving the Eating Disorder, Nourishing the Person: A Narrative Therapy Approach to Treatment: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 50 (12), 2005.
  • Barth, F. D. (1997). Using daydreams in psychodynamic psychotherapy: Clinical Social Work Journal Vol 25(3) Fal 1997, 265-280.
  • Basham, K. (1992). Resistance and couple therapy: Smith College Studies in Social Work Vol 62(3) Jun 1992, 245-264.
  • Baudry, F. D. (1999). "Clinical reflections on the psychoanalytic concepts of character" and "On the difficulty of analyzing character": Discussion: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 8(2) Spr 1999, 227-229.
  • Bauer, G. P. (1994). Essential papers on transference analysis. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Bauer, G. P., & Mills, J. A. (1989). Use of transference in the here and now: Patient and therapist resistance: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 26(1) Spr 1989, 112-119.
  • Bauer, G. P., & Mills, J. A. (1994). Patient and therapist resistance to use of the transference in the here and now. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Baumann, J. (1992). Reflections on group psychotherapy with eating-disordered patients: Group Vol 16(2) Sum 1992, 95-100.
  • Beck, M. (1976). Some reflections on the life and death struggle in the treatment of schizophrenically involved families: Family Therapy Vol 3(2) 1976, 141-149.
  • Beland, H. (1987). Ego alterations through defense processes: Revista de Psicoanalisis 44(4) Jul-Aug 1987, 797-820.
  • Bemporad, J. R. (1977). Resistances encountered in the psychotherapy of depressed individuals: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 37(3) Fal 1977, 207-214.
  • Benabbas, M., & Benelmouloud, O. (2006). Atypical bipolar trouble: Annales Medico-Psychologiques Vol 164(4) Jun 2006, 322-323.
  • Bender, A. (1986). Transference, countertransference and resistance in the psychoanalytic treatment of war: Journal of Psychohistory Vol 14(2) Fal 1986, 179-185.
  • Benningfield, M. F. (1990). Addressing resistance stage by stage: Journal of Family Psychology Vol 3(3) Mar 1990, 251-253.
  • Benoit, C. (1990). Management of transference resistance in Davanloo's Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy Vol 5(4) Oct 1990, 277-296.
  • Benoit, C. (1991). Management of transference resistance in Davanloo's intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: II: International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy Vol 6(3) Jul 1991, 145-161.
  • Berg, B., & Rosenblum, N. (1977). Fathers in family therapy: A survey of family therapists: Journal of Marital & Family Therapy Vol 3(2) Apr 1977, 85-91.
  • Bergmann, M. V. (1985). Character resistances: Current clinical views: Issues in Ego Psychology Vol 8(1-2) 1985, 7-16.
  • Bergmann, M. V. (1999). Retraumatization anxiety and the defensive function of the negative therapeutic reaction: Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse Vol 41 1999, 87-111.
  • Bernstein, A. (1984). A session with Jack: A demonstration of mirroring by ego-syntonic joining: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 1(1) Fal 1984, 111-124.
  • Bernstein, A. (1999). Narcissism and the resistance to groups: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 24(2) 1999, 165-171.
  • Bernstein, A. (2001). Beyond countertransference: The love that cures: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 26(2) 2001, 249-255.
  • Bernstein, A. (2001). The fear of compassion: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 26(2) 2001, 209-219.
  • Bernstein, A. (2001). Love and death: Letting go: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 26(2) 2001, 257-268.
  • Bernstein, A. (2001). Problems in treating paranoia: A case illustration: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 26(2) 2001, 237-247.
  • Bernstein, A. (2001). A session with Jack: A demonstration of mirroring by ego-syntonic joining: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 26(2) 2001, 221-235.
  • Bernstein, J. (1992). The research method in the making of a psychoanalyst: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 17(2) 1992, 183-195.
  • Bernstein, N. I. (1989). Treatment of the resistant adolescent. Sarasota, FL, England: Professional Resource Exchange, Inc.
  • Bernstein, P. M., & Landaiche, N. M. (1992). Resistance, counterresistance, and balance: A framework for managing the experience of impasse in psychotherapy: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 22(1) Spr 1992, 5-19.
  • Bernstein, P. P., Duncan, S. W., Gavin, L. A., Lindahl, K. M., & et al. (1989). Resistance to psychotherapy after a child dies: The effects of the death on parents and siblings: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 26(2) Sum 1989, 227-232.
  • Bernstein, S. B. (1983). Treatment preparatory to psychoanalysis: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 31(2) 1983, 363-390.
  • Beutler, L. E., Moleiro, C., & Talebi, H. (2002). Resistance in psychotherapy: What conclusions are supported by research? : Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 58(2) Feb 2002, 207-217.
  • Beutler, L. E., Moliero, C. M., & Talebi, H. (2002). Resistance. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Biagioli, R. A. (1991). Ignorance, evil, and sloth: The return of the repressed in the therapeutic encounter: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 7(3-4) 1991, 149-168.
  • Bibring-Lehner, G. (1990). A contribution to the subject of transference-resistance. New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • Bieber, T. B. (1972). Combined individual and group psychotherapy. New York, NY, England: E P Dutton.
  • Bischoff, M. M., & Tracey, T. J. G. (1995). Client resistance as predicted by therapist behavior: A study of sequential dependence: Journal of Counseling Psychology Vol 42(4) Oct 1995, 487-495.
  • Bisese, V. S. (1990). Therapist specific communication styles and patient resistance: An analogue study: Counselling Psychology Quarterly Vol 3(2) 1990, 171-182.
  • Black, M., & Rosenthal, L. (2005). Modifications in Therapeutic Technique in the Group Treatment of Delinquent Boys: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 30(2) 2005, 104-119.
  • Blanck, G. (1977). Toward the elaboration of practice theory: Smith College Studies in Social Work Vol 47(2) Mar 1977, 104-111.
  • Bleuler, R. (1996). Anxiety as an indicator of initial transference resistance and it's handling in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy Vol 11(1) Mar 1996, 1-20.
  • Bodni, O. (1986). "To remember, to repeat, and to elaborate." Revista de Psicoanalisis Vol 43(1) Jan-Feb 1986, 207-217.
  • Boesky, D. (1991). Conflict, compromise formation, and structural theory. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Bojanin, S. (1985). Resistances in psychotherapy: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 293-309.
  • Boldt, R. M., & Mosak, H. H. (1997). Characterological resistance in psychotherapy: The getter: Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice Vol 53(1) Mar 1997, 67-80.
  • Boldt, R. S. (1995). Life style types and therapeutic resistance: An Adlerian model for prediction and intervention of characterological resistance in psychotherapy. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Bonaminio, V. (2001). Through Winnicott to Winnicott. Philadelphia, PA: Whurr Publishers.
  • Bor, R., & Miller, R. (1988). Addressing "dreaded issues": A description of a unique counselling intervention with patients with AIDS/HIV: Counselling Psychology Quarterly Vol 1(4) 1988, 397-406.
  • Boschan, P. J. (1986). Dependence and narcissistic resistances in the psychoanalytic process: Revista de Psicoanalisis Vol 43(4) Jul-Aug 1986, 871-885.
  • Boschan, P. J. (1989). Attention, interpretation, identity and narcissism: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 70(2) 1989, 255-263.
  • Bouchard, C. (2000). Analytical process and elusive working-through: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 64(4) Oct-Nov 2000, 1077-1092.
  • Boulanger, G. (2003). The Strength Found in Innocence: Resistance to Working Psychodynamically with Trauma Survivors: Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy Vol 20(2) 2003, 119-136.
  • Bouyx, J. (1984). Somatic complaints and economy of the couple: L'Information Psychiatrique Vol 60(6) Jun 1984, 605-613.
  • Bow, J. N. (1988). Treating resistant children: Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal Vol 5(1) Spr 1988, 3-15.
  • Bow, J. N. (1993). Overcoming resistance. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Bow, J. N. (1997). Play therapy with the resistant child. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Brandchaft, B. (1993). To free the spirit from its cell. Hillsdale, NJ, England: Analytic Press, Inc.
  • Brandchaft, B. (1994). To free the spirit from its cell. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Brandt, L. W. (1974). Experiments in psychoanalysis: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 61(1) Spr 1974, 95-98.
  • Bras, S. (1972). Treatment of resistance in analytic psychotherapy: I: Anthropos No 1-2 1972, 123-140.
  • Brenner, C. (1987). Working through: 1914-1984: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 56(1) Jan 1987, 88-108.
  • Breshgold, E. K. (1989). Resistance in Gestalt therapy: An historical theoretical perspective: Gestalt Journal Vol 12(2) Fal 1989, 73-102.
  • Briggs, R. S. (1991). Resistance and the sense of self: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 27(4) Oct 1991, 748-763.
  • Bromberg, P. M. (1995). Resistance, object-usage, and human relatedness: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 31(2) Apr 1995, 173-191.
  • Brown, P. (1986). Psychiatric treatment refusal, patient competence, and informed consent: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry Vol 8(1) 1986, 83-94.
  • Buckley, P. (1996). An object relations perspective on the nature of resistance and therapeutic change: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 50(1) Win 1996, 45-53.
  • Buda, B. (1972). Utilization of resistance and paradox communication in short-term psychotherapy: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol 20(3-4) 1972, 200-211.
  • Bugental, J. F., & Bugental, E. K. (1984). A fate worse than death: The fear of changing: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 21(4) Win 1984, 543-549.
  • Bugental, J. F. T., & Bugental, E. K. (1996). Resistance to and fear of change. New York, NY: Hatherleigh Press.
  • Busch, F. (1992). Recurring thoughts on unconscious ego resistances: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 40(4) 1992, 1089-1115.
  • Busch, F. (1995). Neglected classics: M. N. Searl's "Some Queries on Principles of Technique." Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 64(2) Apr 1995, 326-344.
  • Busch, F. (1995). Resistance analysis and object relations theory: Erroneous conceptions amidst some timely contributions: Psychoanalytic Psychology Vol 12(1) Win 1995, 43-53.
  • Busch, F. (2001). A minimalist focus on the interpretations of transference: Revista Uruguaya de Psicoanalisis No 94 Nov 2001, 72-81.
  • Bush, M. (1989). The role of unconscious guilt in psychopathology and psychotherapy: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic Vol 53(2) Mar 1989, 97-107.
  • Butcher, J. N. (1986). Review of Resolving Resistances in Psychotherapy: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 31 (2), Feb, 1986.
  • Butelman, I., Koltan, H., & Sedler, P. (1988). Narcissism as motive and resistence in therapeutic groups: Clinica y Analisis Grupal Vol 10(3) Sep-Dec 1988, 360-374.
  • Callahan, P. E. (2000). Indexing resistance in short-term dynamic psychotherapy (STDP): Change in breaks in eye contact during anxiety (BECAs): Psychotherapy Research Vol 10(1) Spr 2000, 87-99.
  • Calmon, M. (2002). And so? With or without pain? : Revista Brasileira de Psicanalise Vol 36(1) 2002, 81-87.
  • Campbell, D. (2001). On pseudo-normality: A contribution to the psychopathology of adolescence. London, England: Karnac Books.
  • Campbell, D. (2004). On pseudo-Normality: A Contribution to adolescent Psychopathology: Richard e Piggle Vol 12(2) May-Aug 2004, 129-144.
  • Cancrini, E., & Tedini, G. (1974). The concept of denial: Rivista di Psichiatria Vol 9(3) Spr 1974, 173-184.
  • Carpenter, J. T. (2006). To Be or Not To Be: Exploring Ways to Work With Resistance to Change: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 51 (32), 2006.
  • Carr, A. (1995). Resistance, dilemmas and crises in family therapy: A framework for positive practice: Journal of Family Psychotherapy Vol 6(4) 1995, 29-42.
  • Carter, J. H., & Haizlip, T. M. (1972). Race and its relevance to transference: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Vol 42(5) Oct 1972, 865-871.
  • Caruso, I. A., Frank-Rieser, E., Rubner, A., & Rubner, E. (1976). The relationship of psychoanalysis and group dynamics as a method of socialization: Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie Vol 24(1) 1976, 49-55.
  • Castelnuovo-Tedesco, P. (1986). Fear of change as a source of resistance in analysis: The Annual of Psychoanalysis Vol 14 1986, 259-272.
  • Cavaiola, A. A. (1984). Resistance issues in the treatment of the DWI offender: Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly Vol 1(2) Sum 1984, 87-100.
  • Chabert, C. (1991). The shadow of Narcissus: Regarding the negative therapeutic reaction: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 55(2) Mar-Apr 1991, 409-423.
  • Chamberlain, P., & et al. (1984). Observation of client resistance: Behavior Therapy Vol 15(2) Mar 1984, 144-155.
  • Charde, S. L. (1984). Discussion of "The therapist's seduction by the feminist resistance" by Sharon M. Hymer, Ph.D: Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 2(1) Spr-Sum 1984, 45-46.
  • Chazan, R. (1974). A group family therapy approach to schizophrenia: Israel Annals of Psychiatry & Related Disciplines Vol 12(3) Sep 1974, 177-193.
  • Chervet, B. (2000). Working-through, the resistance of the id and imperatives of the process: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 64(4) Oct-Nov 2000, 1181-1194.
  • Chiesa, M. (1996). Paranoid transference as resistance to progress: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 10(3) 1996, 221-231.
  • Childers, J. H., & Couch, R. D. (1989). Myths about group counseling: Identifying and challenging misconceptions: Journal for Specialists in Group Work Vol 14(2) May 1989, 105-111.
  • Cho, S. H., & Lee, C. H. (1997). The relationship between client resistance and client psychological reactance, characteristics of counselor intervention, and working alliance: Korean Journal of Counseling & Psychotherapy Vol 9(1) 1997, 101-127.
  • Chu, J. A. (1988). Some aspects of resistance in the treatment of multiple personality disorder: Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders Vol 1(2) Jun 1988, 34-38.
  • Chused, J. F. (1990). Externalization: A resistance in the beginning phase of adolescent analysis. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Clark, C. C. (1977). Psychotherapy with the resistant child: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care Vol 15(3) Jul-Sep 1977, 122-125.
  • Clemmens, M. C. (1988). A comparison of Gestalt and psychodynamic psychotherapists' perception of and interventions with individual client resistance: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Coche, J. M. (1990). Resistance in existential-strategic marital therapy: A four-stage conceptual framework: Journal of Family Psychology Vol 3(3) Mar 1990, 236-250.
  • Coderch, J. (1991). Comments on the treatment of a narcissistic patient: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 72(3) 1991, 393-401.
  • Cohen, A. I. (1976). The impact of the death of a group member on a therapy group: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 26(2) Apr 1976, 203-212.
  • Cohen, B. D. (2000). Intersubjectivity and narcissism in group psychotherapy: How feedback works: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 50(2) Apr 2000, 163-179.
  • Cohen, D., & Jay, S. M. (1996). Autistic barriers in the psychoanalysis of borderline adults: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 77(5) Oct 1996, 913-933.
  • Cohen, J. (1985). Thinking as a narcissistic resistance: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 13(1) Jan 1985, 77-92.
  • Cohen, S. L. (1997). Working with resistance to experiencing and expressing emotions in group therapy: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 47(4) Oct 1997, 443-458.
  • Cohen, T. B., Galenson, E., Van Leeuwen, K., Steele, B. F., & et al. (1987). Sexual abuse in vulnerable and high risk children: Child Abuse & Neglect Vol 11(3) 1987, 461-474.
  • Cohn, B. R. (1988). Keeping the group alive: Dealing with resistance in a long-term group of psychotic patients: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 38(3) Jul 1988, 319-335.
  • Cole, P. (1994). Resistance to awareness: A Gestalt therapy perspective: Gestalt Journal Vol 17(1) Spr 1994, 71-94.
  • Collison, C. R. (1984). Grappling with resistance in group psychotherapy: Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services Vol 22(8) Aug 1984, 7-12.
  • Conrotto, F. (1990). The mind between repetition and change: A metapsychological approach to the treatment of resistances: Rivista di Psicoanalisi Vol 36(4) Oct-Dec 1990, 1028-1051.
  • Cooper, A. (1991). Character and resistance: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 27(4) Oct 1991, 721-731.
  • Cooper, A., & Witenberg, E. G. (1985). The "bogged down" treatment: A remedy: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 21(1) Jan 1985, 27-41.
  • Cooper, S. H. (1996). The thin blue line of the interpersonal-intrapsychic dialectic: Commentary on papers by Gerson and Spezzano: Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol 6(5) 1996, 647-669.
  • Coopersmith, S. E. (1984). The "terminating" patient: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 1(2) Win 1984, 63-73.
  • Cornett, C. (1993). "Resistance" in dynamic psychotherapy with gay men. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Correa, M. C. Q. (2003). We resist, what end does it serve? Can psychoanalysis turn back to itself in the face of the enigma of other fields? : Agora: Estudos em Teoria Psicanalitica Vol 6(2) Jul-Dec 2003, 215-233.
  • Courchaine, K. E., Loucka, P. A., & Dowd, E. T. (1995). Effects of counsellor interpretations and client reactance on social influence and the working alliance: Counselling Psychology Quarterly Vol 8(2) 1995, 123-138.
  • Craib, I. (1997). Trying to make sense of the anti-group: Group Analysis Vol 30(1) Mar 1997, 107-118.
  • Craig, P. E. (1995). Being contrary, being human: The pregnant, paradoxical openness of resistance: The Humanistic Psychologist Vol 23(2) Sum 1995, 161-186.
  • Craigie, F. C., & Tan, S.-y. (1989). Changing resistant assumptions in Christian cognitive-behavioral therapy: Journal of Psychology & Theology Vol 17(2) Sum 1989, 93-100.
  • Cremerius, J. (1963). Observation of dynamic processes among treatment personnel, particularly resistance and transference, during the psychoanalytic treatment of a schizophrenic: Psyche: Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen 16(11) 1963, 686-704.
  • Crewdson, F. (1986). A psychoanalytic teaching exercise: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 14(3) Jul 1986, 385-393.
  • Crosby, J. F. (1982). Taking the fifth: Resistance in dealing with negative feelings about parents: Personnel & Guidance Journal Vol 60(9) May 1982, 545-547.
  • Cross, P. W. (1976). Intellectualizing about the value of the unconscious: or, Unconscious resistance as a non-therapeutic technique: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care Vol 14(3) 1976, 130-132.
  • Croufer, F. (1974). Note on the concept of repetition: Feuillets Psychiatriques de Liege Vol 7(4) 1974, 470-473.
  • Croufer, F. (1976). Concerning the psychoanalytic concept of resistance: Feuillets Psychiatriques de Liege Vol 9(3) 1976, 272-277.
  • Cummings, N. A. (2006). Resistance as an Ally in Psychotherapy. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Curtis, H. C. (1979). The concept of therapeutic alliance: Implications for the "widening scope." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 27(Suppl) 1979, 159-192.
  • Curtis, H. C. (1992). Impasses in psychotherapy: Psychiatric Annals Vol 22(10) Oct 1992, 500-501.
  • Dale, P., & et al. (1983). A family-therapy approach to child abuse: Countering resistance: Journal of Family Therapy Vol 5(2) May 1983, 117-143.
  • Daser, E. (1997). Resistance and recognition: Forum der Psychoanalyse: Zeitschrift fur klinische Theorie & Praxis Vol 13(1) Mar 1997, 54-67.
  • Davanloo, H. (1987). The unconscious therapeutic alliance. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Davanloo, H. (1995). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: Major unlocking of the unconscious: II. The course of the trial therapy after partial unlocking: International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy Vol 10(3-4, Spec Issue) Sep-Dec 1995, 183-230.
  • Davanloo, H. (1995). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: Technique of partial and major unlocking of the unconscious with a highly resistant patient: I. Partial unlocking of the unconscious: International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy Vol 10(3-4, Spec Issue) Sep-Dec 1995, 157-181.
  • Davanloo, H. (1999). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy--Central dynamic sequence: Head-on collision with resistance: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 13(4) Dec 1999, 263-282.
  • Davanloo, H. (1999). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy--Central dynamic sequence: Phase of pressure: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 13(4) Dec 1999, 211-236.
  • Davanzo, H., & Gonzalez, S. (1998). An analytic group psychotherapy session: Interpretations and hidden texts: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 48(3) Jul 1998, 347-361.
  • Davidove, D. (1991). Loss of ego functions, conflict, and resistance: Gestalt Journal Vol 14(2) Fal 1991, 27-43.
  • Davis, D., & Hollon, S. D. (1999). Reframing resistance and noncompliance in cognitive therapy: Journal of Psychotherapy Integration Vol 9(1) Mar 1999, 33-55.
  • Davis, D. M. (1990). Resistance and transference in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (IS-TDP) and classical psychoanalysis--similarities and differences: II: International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy Vol 5(1) Jan 1990, 1-24.
  • Davis, D. M. (2000). Resistance and transference in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (IS-TDP) and classical psychoanalysis-- similarities and differences-- Part II: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 14(4) Dec 2000, 1-24.
  • Davis, D. M. (2000). Resistance and transference in intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (IS-TDP) and classical psychoanalysis--similarities and differences: Part I: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 14(3) Sep 2000, 313-331.
  • Davis, H. L. (1978). The use of countertransference feelings in resolving resistance: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 65(4) 1978, 557-568.
  • Davis, S. L. (1985). Predicting outcome of paradoxical and self-control interventions from resistance and freedom of the target behavior among procrastinators: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Davison, G. C. (1973). Counter-control in behavior modification: Hamerlynck, L A (Ed); Handy, L C (Ed); Mash, E J (Ed) (1973) Behavioral change: Methodology, concepts, and practice.
  • Davy, J. (2003). Dead but not Forgotten? A self-reflexive commentary on the death of resistance: Counselling Psychology Review Vol 18(1) Feb 2003, 12-19.
  • De Folch, T. E. (1991). Obstacles to analytic cure. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • de Leon de Bernardi, B. (2002). Transferencial interpretation at the beginning of the treatment and interpretative styles: Revista de Psicoanalisis Vol 59(2) Apr-Jun 2002, 513-525.
  • de Shazer, S. (1984). The death of resistance: Family Process Vol 23(1) Mar 1984, 11-17.
  • de Shazer, S. (1984). Post-mortem: Mark Twain did die in 1910: Family Process Vol 23(1) Mar 1984, 20-21.
  • de Shazer, S. (1989). Resistance revisited: Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal Vol 11(4) Win 1989, 227-233.
  • Deering, C. G. (1986). The inhibited child: Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services Vol 24(2) Feb 1986, 16-21.
  • Defourny, M. (1976). The path and the timing of resistance: Feuillets Psychiatriques de Liege Vol 9(3) 1976, 278-281.
  • DeMattos, S. E. (2006). Thinking About Resistance Relationally: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 51 (7), 2006.
  • Demcsak-Kelen, I., & Szakacs, F. (1972). Attempt to employ simultaneously autogenic training and group therapy at puberty: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol 21(1-6) 1972-1973, 67-70.
  • DeViva, J. C. (2006). The Effects of Full-Day and Half-Day Workshops for Health Care Providers in Techniques for Increasing Resistant Clients' Motivation: Professional Psychology: Research and Practice Vol 37(1) Feb 2006, 83-90.
  • Dewald, P. A. (1980). The handling of resistances in adult psychoanalysis: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 61(1) 1980, 61-69.
  • Diatkine, G. (2001). Contrasting objectives in transferential interpretation: Revista Uruguaya de Psicoanalisis No 94 Nov 2001, 82-89.
  • Diaz de Chumaceiro, C. L. (1995). Lullabies are "transferential transitional songs": Further considerations on resistance in music therapy: The Arts in Psychotherapy Vol 22(4) 1995, 353-357.
  • Diaz de Chumaceiro, C. L. (1996). A transfer of technique: From induced song recall to the induced recall of paintings: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 56(3) Sep 1996, 331-336.
  • Diderichsen, B. (1998). Can a therapist alter a patient's psyche? : Psyke & Logos Vol 19(1) 1998, 68-90.
  • Dittmann, A. T., & Kitchener, H. L. (1959). The life space interview: Workshop, 1957. II. Life space interviewing and individual play therapy: A comparison of techniques: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 29 Jan 1959, 19-26.
  • Dixon, D. N. (1986). Client resistance and social influence. Springfield, IL, England: Charles C Thomas, Publisher.
  • Donnet, J.-L. (2000). The silence of working-through: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 64(4) Oct-Nov 2000, 1115-1119.
  • Donoghue, D. L., & Nelson, M. W. (1984). The use of cotherapy to overcome resistance in individual treatment of children: Social Casework Vol 65(8) Oct 1984, 496-500.
  • Donovan, M. (2005). Bridging the gap: Similarity and difference between psychoanalytic and systemic therapeutic orientations: British Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 22(2) Win 2005, 227-242.
  • Dotunovic, V. (1985). Resistances of depressive adolescents in group psychotherapy: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 375-379.
  • Dowd, E. T. (1989). Stasis and change in cognitive psychotherapy: Client resistance and reactance as mediating variables. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Dowd, E. T. (1993). Motivational and personality correlates of psychological reactance and implications for cognitive therapy: Psicologia Conductual Revista Internacional de Psicologia Clinica de las Salud Vol 1(1) Apr 1993, 145-155.
  • Dowd, E. T., & Sanders, D. (1994). Resistance, reactance, and the difficult client: Canadian Journal of Counselling Vol 28(1) Jan 1994, 13-24.
  • Dowd, E. T., & Seibel, C. A. (1990). A cognitive theory of resistance and reactance: Implications for treatment: Journal of Mental Health Counseling Vol 12(4) Oct 1990, 458-469.
  • Drury, N. (1990). Handling resistance in a patient with major character pathology: International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy Vol 5(1) Jan 1990, 25-57.
  • du Mesnil du Buisson, F. (1991). The countertransferential origin of resistance to change: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 55(2) Mar-Apr 1991, 489-499.
  • Dufour, M. (1999). Resistances to change, crisis without end: Cahiers Jungiens de Psychanalyse No 96 Fal 1999, 63-74.
  • Duparc, F. (1988). Lateral transference, transference of the negative: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 52(4) Jul-Aug 1988, 887-898.
  • Duryee, J. S. (1996). Optimal frustration in the resolution of schizoid resistances: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 21(1) 1996, 99-112.
  • Eades, W. M. (1992). A revisioning of resistance within a transpersonal context: Journal of Psychology and Christianity Vol 11(1) Spr 1992, 33-43.
  • Eagle, M. (1999). Why don't people change? A psychoanalytic perspective: Journal of Psychotherapy Integration Vol 9(1) Mar 1999, 3-32.
  • Easser, B. R., & Lesser, S. R. (1989). Transference resistance in hysterical character neurosis: Technical considerations. New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • Eckstaedt, A. (1993). The "counter-will": 100 years of scientific investigation into the unconscious: Forum der Psychoanalyse: Zeitschrift fur klinische Theorie & Praxis Vol 9(2) Jun 1993, 95-106.
  • Edelstein, M. G. (1982). Ego state therapy in the management of resistance: American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis Vol 25(1) Jul 1982, 15-20.
  • Edelwich, J., & Brodsky, A. (1992). Group counseling for the resistant client: A practical guide to group process. New York, NY: Lexington Books/Macmillan.
  • Ehrenberg, D. B. (1985). Countertransference resistance: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 21(4) Oct 1985, 563-576.
  • Einhorn, S. (1999). Commentary on article by Eric Moss: Group Analysis Vol 32(4) Dec 1999, 569-570.
  • Ellis, A. (1983). Rational-emotive therapy (RET) approaches to overcoming resistance: I. Common forms of resistance: British Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 1(1) 1983, 28-38.
  • Ellis, A. (1983). Rational-emotive therapy (RET) approaches to overcoming resistance: II. How RET disputes clients' irrational, resistance-creating beliefs: British Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 1(2) 1983, 1-16.
  • Ellis, A. (1984). Rational-emotive therapy (RET) approaches to overcoming resistance: III. Using emotive and behavioral techniques of overcoming resistance: British Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 2(1) 1984, 11-26.
  • Ellis, A. (1985). Approaches to overcoming resistance: IV. Handling special kinds of clients: British Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 3(1) 1985, 26-42.
  • Ellis, A. (1986). Rational-emotive therapy approaches to overcoming resistance. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Ellis, A. (1995). Rational-emotive therapy approaches to overcoming resistance. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Ellis, A. (2003). How to deal with your most difficult client--you: Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive Behavior Therapy Vol 21(3-4) Win 2003, 203-213.
  • Ellis, T. E. (2004). Collaboration and a self-help orientation in therapy with suicidal clients: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 34(1) Spr 2004, 41-57.
  • Elmendorf, D., & Parish, M. (2007). A view from Riggs: Treatment resistance and patient authority--V: Silencing the messenger: The social dynamics of treatment resistance: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 35(3) Fal 2007, 375-392.
  • Emunah, R. (1985). Drama therapy and adolescent resistance: The Arts in Psychotherapy Vol 12(2) Sum 1985, 71-79.
  • Engle, D., & Holiman, M. (2002). A case illustration of resistance from a Gestalt-experimental perspective: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 58(2) Feb 2002, 151-156.
  • Epstein, L. (1989). Preparation for analysis in the face of massive resistance: A clinical symposium: Case presentation: Jean--discussion: I: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 76(4) Win 1989, 491-498.
  • Epstein, L. (1999). Discussant's response: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 24(2) 1999, 187-192.
  • Epstein, N. B. (1984). The (Re)Discovery of Resistance: Family Therapy Enters Adulthood: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 29 (10), Oct, 1984.
  • Ermann, M., Hampel, C., & Larbig, W. (1974). Critical reflections on psychoanalytic training: Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse Vol 20(3) Jul-Sep 1974, 278-284.
  • Escosteguy Carneiro, M. I. N., Escosteguy Carneiro, J. A., & De Fisch, F. W. (2006). Resistance as a response to trauma in the clinical moment: The approaches of a London Kleinian and American ego-psychologist: International Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 87(6) Dec 2006, 1713-1716.
  • Etchegoyen, R. H. (1973). A note on ideology and psychoanalytic technique: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 54(4) 1973, 485-486.
  • Evans, W. N. (1973). On the nature of obstinacy: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 60(3) Fal 1973, 419-437.
  • Fabre, N. (1978). And when directed reverie is not interpreted? : Etudes Psychotherapiques No 31 Mar 1978, 35-39.
  • Fagan, J. (1974). Three sessions with Iris: Counseling Psychologist Vol 4(4) 1974, 42-60.
  • Fain, M. (1965). The dialogue of the deaf: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse 29(1) 1965, 105-108.
  • Farkas, R. S. (1984). The comparative effects of consultee cooperation versus consultee resistance on levels of consultants' accurate empathy and non-possessive warmth in a consultation analog situation: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Fawcett, J. (2006). Editorial: From Categorical to Spectrum Disorders: Have We Gone Beyond Kraepelin? : Psychiatric Annals Vol 36(7) Jul 2006, 445.
  • Feilbert-Willis, R., Kibel, H. D., & Wikstrom, T. (1986). Techniques for handling resistances in group psychotherapy with severely disturbed patients: Group Vol 10(4) Win 1986, 228-238.
  • Feiner, A. H. (1985). "Countertransference resistance": Discussion: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 21(4) Oct 1985, 576-590.
  • Fenchel, G. H. (1985). Character resistance in the transference: Issues in Ego Psychology Vol 8(1-2) 1985, 22-26.
  • Fenchel, G. H., & Flapan, D. (1985). Resistance in group psychotherapy: Group Vol 9(2) Sum 1985, 35-47.
  • Fenichel, O. (1991). Psychoanalysis of character. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Ferrara, K. W. (2002). Blocking emotions: The face of resistance. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Ferraro, F. (1990). Transference resistance and interpretation: Rivista di Psicoanalisi Vol 36(4) Oct-Dec 1990, 1052-1081.
  • Fields, M. (1985). Parameters and the analytic process: A contribution to the theory of the "mature transference." Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 13(1) Jan 1985, 15-33.
  • Fierz, H. K. (1976). Analytical psychotherapy and dream, resistance and wholeness: Analytische Psychologie Vol 7(26) 1976, 275-285.
  • Fine, R. (1990). Supervision and the analytic superego. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Firestone, R. W. (1984). A concept of the primary fantasy bond: A developmental perspective: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 21(2) Sum 1984, 218-225.
  • Firestone, R. W., & Catlett, J. (1986). The fantasy bond: Structure of psychological defenses. New York, NY: Human Sciences Press.
  • Firestone, R. W., & Catlett, J. (1986). Idealization of the family. New York, NY: Human Sciences Press.
  • Firestone, R. W., & Catlett, J. (1986). Point of view. New York, NY: Human Sciences Press.
  • Firestone, R. W., & Catlett, J. (1986). Psychotherapy overview. New York, NY: Human Sciences Press.
  • Firestone, R. W., & Catlett, J. (1987). The fantasy bond: Effects of psychological defenses on interpersonal relations. New York, NY: Human Sciences Press.
  • Foehrenbach, L. M., & Lane, R. C. (1994). An object relational approach to resistance: The use of aggression as a barrier to love: Psychotherapy in Private Practice Vol 13(3) 1994, 23-42.
  • Follesa, P. (1976). Dynamics of transference: Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia e Psichiatria Vol 37(4) Oct-Dec 1976, 544-555.
  • Frankel, B. R., & Piercy, F. P. (1990). The relationship among selected supervisor, therapist, and client behaviors: Journal of Marital & Family Therapy Vol 16(4) Oct 1990, 407-421.
  • Frankel, Z. e., & Levitt, H. M. (2006). Postmodern Strategies for Working with Resistance: Problem Resolution or Self-Revolution? : Journal of Constructivist Psychology Vol 19(3) Jul-Sep 2006, 219-250.
  • Fransella, F. (1985). Resistance: British Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 3(1) 1985, 1-11.
  • Fransella, F. (1989). Obstacles to change and the reconstruing process: A personal construct view. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Fransella, F. (1993). The construct of resistance in psychotherapy. Melbourne, FL: Robert E Krieger Publishing Co.
  • Freeman, A. (2003). Review of Overcoming Resistance in Cognitive Therapy: Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 17(1) Spr 2003, 85-87.
  • Freeman, A., & McCloskey, R. D. (2003). Impediments to Effective Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Freud, A. (1987). Technique and resistance. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Freud, S. (1987). Resistance and repression. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Freud, S. (1990). The dynamics of transference. New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • Freud, S. (1991). Some character-types met with in psycho-analytic work. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Freud, S. (1994). The dynamics of transference. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Frew, J. E. (1986). The functions and patterns of occurrence of individual contact styles during the developmental phases of the Gestalt group: Gestalt Journal Vol 9(1) Spr 1986, 55-70.
  • Fried, K. W. (1977). Some effects of the leader's abstinent role on group experience: Group Vol 1(2) Sum 1977, 118-131.
  • Friedman, L. (1992). How and why do patients become more objective? Sterba compared with Strachey: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 61(1) Jan 1992, 1-17.
  • Friedman, R. (1994). Using humor to resolve intellectual resistances. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Froberg, W., & Slife, B. D. (1987). Overcoming obstacles to the implementation of Yalom's model of inpatient group psychotherapy: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 37(3) Jul 1987, 371-388.
  • Fromm, M. G. (1989). Impasse and transitional relatedness. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Gabbard, G. O. (1989). Patients who hate: Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes Vol 52(1) Feb 1989, 96-106.
  • Gabriele, A. B. (1966). The principle of irrational loyalty: Psychoanalytic Review 53(1) 1966, 69-84.
  • Garate Martinez, I. (1986). Reflections on a theory of group psychotherapy: Clinica y Analisis Grupal Vol 10(41) Jul-Sep 1986, 389-398.
  • Garcia Badaracco, J. E. (1992). Psychic change and its clinical evaluation: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 73(2) Sum 1992, 209-220.
  • Garfield, S. (2003). Transference in Analytic Psychodrama. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Garma, A. (1974). Aspects of the transference resistances in the final stages of psychoanalytic treatment: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 55(3) 1974, 371-376.
  • Garma, A. (1975). Aspects of the transference resistances in the final stages of psychoanalytic treatment: A reply to the discussion by Gabriel Casuso: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 56(2) 1975, 241.
  • Garma, A. (1994). Three basic aspects of transferential resistances in the final stages of the psychoanalytic treatment: Revista de Psicoanalisis Spec Issue 3 1994, 9-32.
  • Gartner, J., & Carbo, R. A. (1994). Serving two masters? Commentary on "Dealing with religious resistances in psychotherapy." Journal of Psychology & Theology Vol 22(4) Win 1994, 259-260.
  • Gerson, S. (1996). Neutrality, resistance, and self-disclosure in an intersubjective psychoanalysis: Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol 6(5) 1996, 623-645.
  • Gerson, S. (1998). From disclosure to foreclosure: Reply to commentary: Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol 8(5) 1998, 741-746.
  • Ghiradelloi, R. (2001). Science and the use of objects brought to the session as a resistance in a group with adolescents: Group Analysis Vol 34(4) Dec 2001, 531-537.
  • Gibeault, M. (1994). Refusal to be cured and therapeutics: Reflection on so-called interminable analyses: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 58(4) Oct-Dec 1994, 1141-1152.
  • Gil, M. M. (1994). The analysis of transference. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Gilewski, M. J., Kuppinger, J., & Zarit, S. H. (1985). The aging marital system: A case study in life changes and paradoxical intervention: Clinical Gerontologist Vol 3(3) Spr 1985, 3-15.
  • Gill, H. S. (1988). Working through resistances of intrapsychic and environmental origin: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 69(4) 1988, 535-550.
  • Gill, H. S. (1990). Analysis of patients in their fifties: Some aspects of technique: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 23(2) 1990, 129-145.
  • Gill, M. M. (1979). The analysis of the transference: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 27(Suppl) 1979, 263-288.
  • Gill, M. M. (1990). The analysis of transference. New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • Gill, M. M. (1993). The analysis of the transference: Forum der Psychoanalyse: Zeitschrift fur klinische Theorie & Praxis Vol 9(1) Mar 1993, 46-61.
  • Gillieron, E. (1987). Setting and motivation in brief psychotherapy: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol 47(2) Mar 1987, 105-112.
  • Giovacchini, P. L. (1987). Resistance in character disorders. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Gitterman, A. (1983). Uses of resistance: A transactional view: Social Work Vol 28(2) Mar-Apr 1983, 127-131.
  • Glassman, D. (1985). The analysis of detachment and nullification as a form of character resistance: Issues in Ego Psychology Vol 8(1-2) 1985, 27-31.
  • Glickauf-Hughes, C. (1994). Characterological resistances in psychotherapy supervision: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 31(1) Spr 1994, 58-66.
  • Gochros, H. L. (1985). Overcoming client resistances to talking about sex: Journal of Social Work & Human Sexuality Vol 4(1-2) Fal-Win 1985-1986, 7-15.
  • Godfrind, J. (1994). Transference, compulsion, and corrective experience: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 58(2) Apr-Jun 1994, 501-515.
  • Goijman, L. (1988). Obstacles in analysis: Resistance and narcissism: Revista de Psicoanalisis Vol 45(1) Jan-Feb 1988, 67-86.
  • Goldberg, A. (2003). Review of Difference and Disavowal: The Trauma of Eros: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 51(2) Spr 2003, 678-681.
  • Goldberg, J. G. (1986). Loving as a defense against life: The analysis of a terminally ill patient: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 11(1-2) 1986, 73-88.
  • Goldberg, S. H. (1991). Patients' theories of pathogenesis: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 60(2) Apr 1991, 245-275.
  • Golden, W. L. (1983). Resistance in cognitive-behaviour therapy: British Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 1(2) 1983, 33-42.
  • Golden, W. L. (1989). Resistance and change in cognitive-behaviour therapy. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Gori, E. C. (1990). The dynamics of resistance: Rivista di Psicoanalisi Vol 36(4) Oct-Dec 1990, 1006-1027.
  • Gorkin, M. (1984). "Surrogate refusal": The patient's resistance to the analyst as parent substitute: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 71(3) Nov 1984, 383-395.
  • Graafsma, T., & Anbeek, M. (1984). Resistance in psychotherapy with adolescents: Journal of Adolescence Vol 7(1) Mar 1984, 1-16.
  • Graff, H., & Luborsky, L. (1977). Long-term trends in transference and resistance: A report on a quantitative-analytic method applied to four psychoanalyses: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 25(2) 1977, 471-490.
  • Granados Perez, F. (2004). Road to perfection, road to perdition: Revista de Psicoanalisis de la Asociacion Psicoanalitica de Madrid Vol 41 2004, 147-168.
  • Gravitz, M. A. (1971). Psychodynamics of resistance to hypnotic induction: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice Vol 8(2) Sum 1971, 185-187.
  • Gray, P. (1991). On transferred permissive or approving superego functions: The analysis of the ego's superego activities: II: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 60(1) Jan 1991, 1-21.
  • Gray, P. (1992). Memory as resistance, and the telling of a dream: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 40(2) 1992, 307-326.
  • Green, A. (1986). The task of refusal: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 50(1) Jan-Feb 1986, 489-493.
  • Green, R. L. (1988). Paradoxical intervention and its effects on client resistance, emotional arousal and perception: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Greene, M. A. (1995). Resistance and modes of communication: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic Vol 59(4) Fal 1995, 427-442.
  • Greenson, R. (1987). Resistance analysis. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Griffin, C. L. (2002). Creative writing as resistance and discovery in an analysis: Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies Vol 4(4) Oct 2002, 413-443.
  • Gross, M. (1985). Induction facilitation and overcoming resistance: Medical Hypnoanalysis Vol 6(1-2) Jan-Apr 1985, 27-32.
  • Grotstein, J. S. (1987). An object relations perspective on resistance in narcissistic patients. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Grotstein, J. S. (2005). Resistance: The pariah of psychoanalytic technique - with special emphasis on the negative therapeutic reaction: Revista de Psicanalise da SPPA Vol 12(3) Dec 2005, 449-486.
  • Gruber, L. N., & Wood, A. M. (1978). Negative treatment responses in psychiatry: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 39(4) Apr 1978, 279-283.
  • Guarton, G. B. (1996). Masculinity, femininity and change in psychoanalysis: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 24(4) Win 1996, 691-708.
  • Guilfoyle, M. (2002). Power, knowledge and resistance in therapy: Exploring links between discourse and materiality: International Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 7(1) Mar 2002, 83-97.
  • Guilhot, J., & Guilhot, M.-A. (1975). A technique centered on group imagination: Group-elicited reverie: Etudes Psychotherapiques No 20 Jun 1975, 94-99.
  • Guirguis, W. R. (1981). Resistance to drawing the family: A feature of the family drawing test: International Journal of Family Psychiatry Vol 2(1-2) 1981, 115-124.
  • Gullickson, T. (1995). Review of Psychology on the Streets: Mental Health Practice with Homeless Persons: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 40 (9), Sep, 1995.
  • Gurman, A. S. (1984). Transference and resistance in marital therapy: American Journal of Family Therapy Vol 12(2) Sum 1984, 70-73.
  • Gustafson, J. P., & Dichter, H. (1983). Winnicott and Sullivan in the brief psychotherapy clinic: I. Possible activity and passivity: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 19(4) Oct 1983, 624-637.
  • Gutheil, T. G. (1977). Ideology as resistance: A supervisory challenge: Psychiatric Quarterly Vol 49(2) Sum 1977, 88-96.
  • Gutierrez, Y. (1997). Negative therapeutic reaction: Topique: Revue Freudienne Vol 27(62) 1997, 101-113.
  • Haans, T. (1991). Paradoxes in an analytical psychotherapy group: Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie Vol 17(3) May 1991, 161-171.
  • Hagman, G. (1996). Flight from the subjectivity of the other: Pathological adaptation to childhood parent loss. Mahwah, NJ: Analytic Press.
  • Hahn, H. (1988). On establishing the psychotherapeutic alliance in an unsophisticated environment: British Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 4(3) Spr 1988, 253-262.
  • Hailparn, D. F., & Hailparn, M. (1999). Reporting as resistance: Strategies for overcoming reporting: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 29(2) Sum 1999, 155-165.
  • Hall, J. S. (2004). Roadblocks on the journey of psychotherapy. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Hamilton, C. J. (1983). The resistance phenomenon in Gestalt Therapy as presented in the writings of Frederick S. Perls: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Hamlin, M. (1988). An integrated cognitive-behavioural approach to withdrawal from tranquillizers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Harris, G. A. (1996). Dealing with difficult clients. New York, NY: Hatherleigh Press.
  • Hartman, C., & Reynolds, D. (1987). Resistant clients: Confrontation, interpretation, and alliance: Social Casework Vol 68(4) Apr 1987, 205-213.
  • Hartman, L. M. (1983). Resistance in directive sex therapy: Recognition and management: Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy Vol 9(4) Win 1983, 283-295.
  • Hazzard, A. (1991). A cocktail buffet of therapeutic encounters: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 36 (1), Jan, 1991.
  • Hedayat-Diba, Z. (2004). A psychobiological link to spiritual health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Hein, G. W. A. (1963). Psychotherapeutic possibilities to overcome resistance to therapy with special attention to the psycholytic method: Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie 13(3) 1963, 81-87.
  • Henningsen, F. (1994). The fist step is always the most difficult: Frequency of sessions and initial transference offer: Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalytische Theorie und Praxis Vol 9(2) 1994, 204-218.
  • Herschman, P. L. (1972). Team transference and resistance in the treatment of patients who act out: Psychiatric Quarterly Vol 46(2) 1972, 220-234.
  • Higgs, J. A. (1992). Dealing with resistance: Strategies for effective group: Journal for Specialists in Group Work Vol 17(2) May 1992, 67-73.
  • Hoffer, A., Goettsche, R., & Linden, F. (1980). A psychoanalytic approach to a therapeutic impasse with an impulsive adolescent: Permission to speak the unspeakable: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 137(11) Nov 1980, 1404-1409.
  • Hohage, R., & Thoma, H. (1982). Recollection of memories as a result of focal dream interpretation: Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse Vol 28(4) 1982, 385-392.
  • Holden, J. M., Forno, G., Itil, T., & Hsu, W. (1973). Echoencephalographic patterns in chronic schizophrenia: Relationship to therapy resistance: Biological Psychiatry Vol 6(2) Apr 1973, 129-141.
  • Holmes, D. E. (1996). The effect of childhood sexual abuse on transference and therapeutic alliance: A case presentation: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 5(2) 1996, 241-265.
  • Holmes, D. E. (1996). Emerging indicators of ego growth and associated resistances: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 44(4) 1996, 1101-1119.
  • Horner, A. J. (1987). Object relations and transference resistance. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Horner, A. J. (2005). Dealing with Resistance in Psychotherapy. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Horowitz, M. H. (1990). On beginning a reanalysis. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Horowitz, M. H. (1999). On the difficulty of analyzing character: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 8(2) Spr 1999, 212-218.
  • Houck, J. H. (1972). The intractable female patient: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 129(1) Jul 1972, 27-31.
  • Hudson, W. C. (1973). Negative transference and resistance to after care: Dynamische Psychiatrie Vol 6(6) 1973, 427-433.
  • Hudson, W. C. (1978). Persona and defence mechanisms: The Journal of Analytical Psychology Vol 23(1) Jan 1978, 54-62.
  • Hughes, J. N., & Falk, R. S. (1981). Resistance, reactance, and consultation: Journal of School Psychology Vol 19(2) Sum 1981, 134-142.
  • Hunsley, J. (1997). Defiance-based symptom prescription and psychological reactance: A critical evaluation: Professional Psychology: Research and Practice Vol 28(1) Feb 1997, 36-43.
  • Hurley, D. J. (1984). Resistance and work in adolescent groups: Social Work with Groups Vol 7(4) Win 1984, 71-81.
  • Hymer, S. M. (1984). The therapist's seduction by the feminist resistance: Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 2(1) Spr-Sum 1984, 31-41.
  • Hymowitz, P. (2001). An anal man, his rage and resistance: Issues in Psychoanalytic Psychology Vol 23(1-2) 2001, 17-34.
  • Ingram, D. (2007). Review of Dealing with Resistance in Psychotherapy: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 35(2) Sum 2007, 335-336.
  • Ispanovic-Radojkovic, V. (1985). Psychotherapeutic relaxation and resistances in children: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 341-346.
  • Izinicki, G. (1984). "A session with Jack: A demonstration of mirroring by ego-syntonic joining": Comment: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 1(1) Fal 1984, 124-126.
  • Jacobs, T. J. (2001). On unconscious communications and covert enactments: Some reflections on their role in the analytic situation: Psychoanalytic Inquiry Vol 21(1) 2001, 4-23.
  • Jagoda, E. (1987). The fate of the superego in analytic therapy: Issues in Ego Psychology Vol 10(2) 1987, 62-66.
  • Jahn, D. L., & Lichstein, K. L. (1980). The resistive client: A neglected phenomenon in behavior therapy: Behavior Modification Vol 4(3) Jul 1980, 303-320.
  • Janin, C., & Josserand, S.-A. (1994). Theory as an instrument to influence: Utilization of a theory in certain counter-transferential positions: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 58(2) Apr-Jun 1994, 497-500.
  • Jennings, A. (2007). Time-limited group therapy--Losses and gains: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 21(1) Mar 2007, 90-106.
  • Jennings, I. (2002). Hypnosis and client resistance: Australian Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis Vol 30(1) May 2002, 45-55.
  • Jodorkovsky, M. G. (1994). Considerations on termination in psychoanalysis: Revista de Psicoanalisis Spec Issue 3 1994, 129-148.
  • Johansen, B. (1988). Therapeutic approaches to resistance: Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening Vol 25(7) Jul 1988, 459-467.
  • Jorstad, J. (2001). Avoiding unbearable pain: Resistance and defence in the psychoanalysis of a man with a narcissistic personality disorder: Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review Vol 24(1) 2001, 34-45.
  • Jortner, S. (1985). To what degree was Freud wrong--and how much difference does it make in psychotherapy? : Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 15(2) Fal-Win 1985, 114-122.
  • Joseph, B. (1983). On understanding and not understanding: Some technical issues: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 64(3) 1983, 291-298.
  • Jovanovic, N. (1985). The principles of bioenergetic work and work with children and adolescents: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 445-450.
  • Juni, S. (2001). Indirect communication as an insight-oriented technique with the resistant and intellectually limited: Journal of Psychotherapy Integration Vol 11(4) Dec 2001, 453-480.
  • Kalt, H. W. (1986). The construction of therapeutic allegories: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 46(1) Spr 1986, 33-44.
  • Kantrowitz, J. L. (1993). Impasses in psychoanalysis: Overcoming resistance in situations of stalemate: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 41(4) 1993, 1021-1050.
  • Kaplan, A. B. (1988). Choice of treatment versus treatment of choice: Journal of Child Psychotherapy Vol 14(2) 1988, 47-60.
  • Karlsson, R. (2004). Collusions as interactive resistances and possible stepping-stones out of impasses: Psychoanalytic Psychology Vol 21(4) Fal 2004, 567-579.
  • Kasai, H., & Moriyama, T. (1985). Patient's resistances observed in image analysis therapy and its therapeutic technique: Japanese Journal of Hypnosis Vol 30-31 1985-1986, 1-8.
  • Kastratovic, Z. (1985). Resistances in a behavioural-psychotherapeutic approach to adolescents: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 419-422.
  • Katano, C., & Kokubu, Y. (1999). The study on the resistance in structured group encounter: Japanese Journal of Counseling Science Vol 32(1) Feb 1999, 14-23.
  • Katz, J. B. (1978). A psychoanalyst's anonymity: Fiddler behind the couch: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic Vol 42(6) Nov 1978, 520-524.
  • Katz, R. (1987). The threat of suicide as a resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 12(1) 1987, 47-64.
  • Kauff, P. F. (1985). Treatment strategies to deal with oral character resistances: Issues in Ego Psychology Vol 8(1-2) 1985, 32-35.
  • Kehoe, N., & Gutheil, T. G. (1984). Shared religious belief as resistance in psychotherapy: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 38(4) Oct 1984, 579-585.
  • Keller, J. F., & Elliott, S. S. (1982). Reframing in marital therapy: From deficit to self-sacrifice as focus: Family Therapy Vol 9(2) 1982, 119-126.
  • Kellerman, P. F. (1982). Resistance in psychodrama: Psykisk Halsa Vol 23(1) 1982, 44-61.
  • Kellermann, P. F. (1983). Resistance in psychodrama: Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama & Sociometry Vol 36(1) Spr 1983, 30-43.
  • Kemper, B. J. (1994). Dealing with resistance in group therapy: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care Vol 30(3) Jul-Sep 1994, 31-33.
  • Kern, J. W. (1987). Transference neurosis as a waking dream: Notes on a clinical enigma: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 35(2) 1987, 337-366.
  • Kibel, H. D. (1972). Interracial conflicts as resistance in group psychotherapy: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 26(4) Oct 1972, 555-562.
  • Kidwell, R. J. (1997). A balance theory perspective of resistance. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Kimble, M. C. (1990). The patient's experience of resisting in psychotherapy: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • King, S. M. (1992). Therapeutic utilization of client resistance: Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice Vol 48(2) Jun 1992, 165-174.
  • Kinston, W. (1980). A theoretical and technical approach to narcissistic disturbance: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 61(3) 1980, 383-394.
  • Kiracofe, N. L. (1993). A process analysis of gestalt resistances in individual psychotherapy: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Kirmayer, L. J. (1990). Resistance, reactance, and reluctance to change: A cognitive attributional approach to strategic interventions: Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 4(2), Spec Issue Sum 1990, 83-104.
  • Kirshner, L. (2000). Working-through and enactment in difficult cases: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 64(4) Oct-Nov 2000, 1159-1163.
  • Kirszman, D., & Salgueiro, M. d. C. (2001). Challenges, obstacles and difficulties of eating disorders--their gratifications as well: Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica Vol 10(2) Aug 2001, 103-118.
  • Kissen, M. (1987). The reluctance to experience positive affects. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Kissen, M. (1996). Projective identification: A resistance in couples: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 50(1) Win 1996, 54-65.
  • Kivlighan Jr, D. M., Multon, K. D., & Patton, M. J. (1996). Development of the Missouri addressing resistance scale: Psychotherapy Research Vol 6(4) Win 1996, 291-308.
  • Kleban, C. H. (1994). Transference manifestations as changing compromise formations throughout the course of an analysis: A contribution to the discussion of transference resistance and transference neurosis: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 3(3) 1994, 429-451.
  • Kleinberg, J. L. (1988). Utilizing career crises to prepare patients for intensive psychotherapy: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 18(3) Fal 1988, 240-248.
  • Kluft, R. P. (1987). Unsuspected multiple personality disorder: An uncommon source of protracted resistance, interruption, and failure in psychoanalysis: Hillside Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 9(1) Spr-Sum 1987, 100-115.
  • Kohut, H. (1987). Narcissism as a resistance and as a driving force in psychoanalysis. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Kopp, R. R., & Kivel, C. (1990). Traps and escapes: An Adlerian approach to understanding resistance and resolving impasses in psychotherapy: Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice Vol 46(2) Jun 1990, 139-147.
  • Kopp, R. R., & Robles, L. (1989). A single-session, therapist-focused model of supervision of resistance based on Adlerian psychology: Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice Vol 45(1-2) Mar-Jun 1989, 212-219.
  • Kopp, S. B. (1978). Tantric therapy: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 9(2) Win 1978, 131-134.
  • Korgeski, G. (1997). "Resistance Is Futile": PsycCRITIQUES Vol 42 (8), Aug, 1997.
  • Kottler, J. A. (1992). Compassionate therapy: Working with difficult clients. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Kraigher-Guzina, A., & Filipovic, S. (1985). Resistance in psychotherapy of anxiety and phobia in the children of latent age: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 335-340.
  • Kris, A. O. (1985). Resistance in convergent and in divergent conflicts: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 54(4) 1985, 537-568.
  • Kumin, I. (1985). Erotic horror: Desire and resistance in the psychoanalytic situation: International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 11 1985-1986, 3-20.
  • Lachmann, F. M. (2000). Transforming aggression: Psychotherapy with the difficult-to-treat patient. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • LaClave, L. J., & Brack, G. (1989). Reframing to deal with patient resistance: Practical application: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 43(1) Jan 1989, 68-76.
  • Lambert, K. (1976). Resistance and counter-resistance: The Journal of Analytical Psychology Vol 21(2) Jul 1976, 164-192.
  • Lamia, M. C. (1995). The defensive aspect of feminism and its resistance function in psychoanalysis: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 4(3) 1995, 343-359.
  • Lane, R. C. (1984). The difficult patient, resistance, and the negative therapeutic reaction: A review of the literature: Current Issues in Psychoanalytic Practice Vol 1(4) Win 1984, 83-106.
  • Langs, R. (1980). Interactional and communicative aspects of resistance: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 16(1) Jan 1980, 16-52.
  • Langs, R. (1987). Resistances and the basic dimensions of psychotherapy. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Lansky, M. R. (1985). Preoccupation as a mode of pathologic distance regulation: International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 11 1985-1986, 409-425.
  • Lantz, J. (1992). Resistance in family logotherapy: Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal Vol 14(5) Oct 1992, 405-418.
  • Laquercia, T. (1998). Symbolic imagery: An aspect of unverbalized communication: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 23(1) 1998, 23-33.
  • Larke, J. (1985). Compulsory treatment: Some practical methods of treating the mandated client: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 22(2) Sum 1985, 262-268.
  • Larrabee, M. J. (1982). Working with reluctant clients through affirmation techniques: Personnel & Guidance Journal Vol 61(2) Oct 1982, 105-109.
  • Larson, C. C., & Talley, L. K. (1977). Family resistance to therapy: A model for services and therapists' roles: Child Welfare Journal Vol 56(2) Feb 1977, 121-126.
  • Lawner, P. (1985). Character rigidity and resistance to awareness of the transference: Issues in Ego Psychology Vol 8(1-2) 1985, 36-41.
  • Lawner, P. (1989). Counteridentification, therapeutic impasse, and supervisory process: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 25(4) Oct 1989, 592-607.
  • Layton, L., & Bertone, K. L. (1998). What's disclosed in self-disclosures? Gender, sexuality, and the analyst's subjectivity: Commentary on paper by Samuel Gerson: Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol 8(5) 1998, 731-739.
  • Lazarus, A. A. (2003). Review of Overcoming Resistance: A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Integrated Approach (2nd Ed): Child & Family Behavior Therapy Vol 25(3) 2003, 78-80.
  • Leahy, R. L. (2003). Conclusions. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Leahy, R. L. (2003). Roadblocks in cognitive-behavioral therapy: Transforming challenges into opportunities for change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Leal, R. (1981). Resistance in the group analytic process: Connexions No 36 1981, 27-42.
  • Lebovici, S. (1994). Empathy and "enactment" in the work of countertransference: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 58(Spec Issue) 1994, 1551-1561.
  • Lee, H. A., & Lee, S. W. (1997). The difference in features of verbal responses between the experienced and novice counselors to the client's resistance: Korean Journal of Counseling & Psychotherapy Vol 9(1) 1997, 157-180.
  • Lee, R. R. (1988). The reverse selfobject experience: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 42(3) Jul 1988, 416-424.
  • Lefebvre, P. (1990). Psychoanalysis of a patient suffering from ulcerative colitis: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 54(3) May-Jun 1990, 809-825.
  • Leibovitch, H. Y. (1988). Experiencing difficulty in psychotherapy: An interpretative study: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Leitner, L. M., & Dill-Standiford, T. (1993). Resistance in experiential personal construct psychotherapy: Theoretical and technical struggles. Melbourne, FL: Robert E Krieger Publishing Co.
  • Lerner, S., & Lerner, H. E. (1983). A systemic approach to resistance: Theoretical and technical considerations: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 37(3) Jul 1983, 387-399.
  • Lester, E. P. (1985). On erotized transference and resistance: International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 11 1985-1986, 21-25.
  • Lester, E. P. (1986). On transference: Developmental and clinical considerations: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie Vol 31(2) Mar 1986, 146-153.
  • Letarte, P. (1987). Straw, a beam, and many other things: Private aspects of negative transference and resistance: Revista Catalana de Psicoanalisi Vol 4(1) Spr 1987, 15-30.
  • Levinzon, G. K. (2003). From the psychical I.C.U. to the divan: The constitution of a mind through the analytical relationship: Revista Brasileira de Psicanalise Vol 37(4) 2003, 1139-1156.
  • Levinzon, G. K. (2007). Mirror's diary: The analytical relationship and the primordial construction of a mind: Revista Brasileira de Psicanalise Vol 41(2) 2007, 99-114.
  • Levy, J. (1992). The borderline patient: Psychotherapeutic stalemates. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Levy, S. T. (1987). Therapeutic strategy and psychoanalytic technique: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 35(2) 1987, 447-466.
  • Lewis, H. B. (1987). Resistance: A misnomer for shame and guilt. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Lewis, W. A., & Evans, J. W. (1986). Resistance: A reconceptualization: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 23(3) Fal 1986, 426-433.
  • Liebscher, T., & Ruter, B. (1977). Aspects of therapy with a group of nine mothers: Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie Vol 26(3) Apr 1977, 90-98.
  • Liegner, E. (1974). The silent patient: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 61(2) Sum 1974, 229-245.
  • Liegner, E. J. (1987). Countertransference: Resistance and therapeutic leverage: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 12(2) 1987, 179-186.
  • Liegner, E. J. (1991). The hopeless group: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 16(2) 1991, 161-167.
  • Liegner, E. J. (1993). Discomfort as a resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 18(2) 1993, 131-141.
  • Liegner, E. J. (1995). The anaclitic countertransference in resistance resolution: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 20(2) 1995, 153-164.
  • Lingl, F. A. (1973). Double-blind comparison of haloperidol and thioridazine in treatment resistant psychoneurotic outpatients: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Vol 14(4) Jul 1973, 235-240.
  • Lion, J. R., Millan, C., & Taylor, R. J. (1975). Reserpine and the induction of depression: A case report: Diseases of the Nervous System Vol 36(6) Jun 1975, 321-322.
  • Liotti, G. (1987). The resistance to change of cognitive structures: A counterproposal to psychoanalytic metapsychology: Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 1(2) Sum 1987, 87-104.
  • Liotti, G. (1989). Resistance to change in cognitive psychotherapy: Theoretical remarks from a constructivistic point of view. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Lippincott, J. L. (1990). The use of narcissistic transference/countertransference in the analysis of a schizophrenic man: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 15(2) 1990, 185-213.
  • Lipschutz, L. S., Blum, H. P., Yazmajian, R. V., Keith, C. R., Ross, W. D., Kapp, F. T., et al. (1993). Resistance, transference, and dreams. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Lipton, S. D. (1977). Clinical observations on resistance to the transference: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 58(4) 1977, 463-472.
  • Lipton, S. D. (1983). A critique of so-called standard psychoanalytic technique: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 19(1) Jan 1983, 35-46.
  • Little, R. (2006). Ego State Relational Units and Resistance to Change: Transactional Analysis Journal Vol 36(1) Jan 2006, 7-19.
  • Liu-Ambrose, T., Khan, K. M., Eng, J. J., Janssen, P. A., Lord, S. R., & McKay, H. A. (2004). Resistance and Agility Training Reduce Fall Risk in Women Aged 75 to 85 with Low Bone Mass: A 6-Month Randomized, Controlled Trial: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 52(5) May 2004, 657-665.
  • Lorenzani-Francis, L. D. (1995). Overview: Process of partial breakthrough into the unconscious in Davanloo's intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: I. Direct access: International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy Vol 10(2) Jun 1995, 85-104.
  • Loriedo, C., & Vella, G. (1994). Using paradox in hypnosis and family therapy. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Lovinger, R. J. (1979). Therapeutic strategies with "religious" resistances: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice Vol 16(4) Win 1979, 419-427.
  • Lovinger, S. L. (2001). Joining the resistance. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Lowenstein, L. (2005). Creative Interventions to Engage Resistant Children in Therapy. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Lowental, U. (1996). The sense of defense and resistance in the psychoanalytic process. Jerusalem, Israel: Magnes Press.
  • Lowental, U. (2000). Defense and resistance in the psychoanalytic process: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 87(1) Feb 2000, 121-135.
  • Luckhurst, P. (1985). Resistance and the "new" epistemology: Journal of Strategic & Systemic Therapies Vol 4(1) Spr 1985, 1-12.
  • Lurie, S. N. (1991). Psychological issues in treatment of the "chemical imbalance." American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 45(3) Jul 1991, 348-358.
  • Luther, G., & Loev, I. (1981). Resistance in marital therapy: Journal of Marital & Family Therapy Vol 7(4) Oct 1981, 475-480.
  • Lyshak, F., Bassin, D., & Robbins, A. (1981). The creative act as a means of overcoming resistance in treatment: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 68(3) Fal 1981, 395-407.
  • Mackey, R. A. (1988). Containment of self in the narcissistically vulnerable yet cognitively agile patient: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 4(3-4) 1988, 119-138.
  • Magnenat, D. (2005). Pedopsychiatry in relation to cancer: Combatting resistance to unknown terror: Psychotherapies Vol 25(3) 2005, 145-154.
  • Mahalik, J. R. (1994). Development of the Client Resistance Scale: Journal of Counseling Psychology Vol 41(1) Jan 1994, 58-68.
  • Maiden, R. (2005). Review of Overcoming Resistance: A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Integrated Approach: Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 19(4) Win 2005, 393-394.
  • Maldonado, J. L. (1989). On negative and positive therapeutic reaction: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 70(2) 1989, 327-339.
  • Maldonado, J. L. (1999). Narcissistic resistances in the analytic experience: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 80(6) Dec 1999, 1131-1145.
  • Maldonado, J. L. (2000). Narcissistic resistance in the analytic experience: Psicoanalisis: Revista de la asociacion Psicoanalitica de Buenos Aires Vol 22(2) 2000, 387-413.
  • Malin, A. (1993). A self-psychological approach to the analysis of resistance: A case report: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 74(3) Jun 1993, 505-518.
  • Mander, G. (2005). Defiant resistance in the service of the impoverished self: Herman Melville's Bartleby: An illustration of clinical casework: British Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 22(2) Win 2005, 217-226.
  • Manickam, L. S. S., Suhany, B. T., & Jasseer, J. (2004). Psychotherapy of a male patient with dissociative convulsive disorder: SIS II breaks the resistance: Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health Vol 11(1) Jan 2004, 36-44.
  • Manthei, R. J., & Matthews, D. A. (1989). Helping the reluctant client to engage in counselling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • March, P. (1997). In two minds about cognitive-behavioural therapy: Talking to patients about why they do not do their homework: British Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 13(4) Sum 1997, 461-472.
  • Margolis, B. D. (1983). The object-oriented question: A contribution to treatment technique: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 8(1) 1983, 35-46.
  • Margolis, B. D. (1984). Notes on narcissistic resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 9(2) 1984, 149-156.
  • Margolis, B. D. (1986). Joining, mirroring, psychological reflection: Terminology, definitions, theoretical considerations: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 11(1-2) 1986, 19-35.
  • Margolis, B. D. (1994). Joining, mirroring, psychological reflection: Terminology, definitions, theoretical considerations: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 19(2) 1994, 211-226.
  • Margolis, B. D. (1994). Notes on narcissistic resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 19(2) 1994, 179-186.
  • Margolis, B. D. (1994). The object-oriented question: A contribution to treatment technique: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 19(2) 1994, 187-198.
  • Margolis, N. M. (1999). "Clinical reflections on the psychoanalytic concept of character": Discussion: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 8(2) Spr 1999, 219-221.
  • Marrone, M. (1987). 'Adopting Roles to Resolve Resistances': Group Analysis Vol 20(1) Mar 1987, 79-85.
  • Marshall, R. J. (1972). The treatment of resistances in psychotherapy of children and adolescents: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice Vol 9(2) Sum 1972, 143-148.
  • Marshall, R. J. (1974). Meeting the resistances of delinquents: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 61(2) Sum 1974, 295-304.
  • Marshall, R. J. (1976). "Joining techniques" in the treatment of resistant children and adolescents: A learning theory rationale: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 30(1) Jan 1976, 73-84.
  • Marshall, R. J., & Marshall, S. V. (1989). Mastering Group Resistance: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 34 (5), May, 1989.
  • Mason, M. G. (2005). Theoretical Considerations of "Resistant Families": The Family Journal Vol 13(1) Jan 2005, 59-62.
  • Masterson, J. F. (1987). Resistance of the borderline patient with a false self. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • May, M. (1996). Resistance: Friend or foe? : American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 50(1) Win 1996, 32-44.
  • Mayer, E. L. (1975). On the psychological nature of resistances to meditation which arise during the meditation process: A study of a form of alternative education: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • McAloon, R. F. (1987). The need to feel like an analyst: A study of countertransference in the case of a patient who refused to use the couch: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 12(1) 1987, 65-87.
  • McCarthy, J. B. (1985). Resistance and primitive anxiety: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 13(2) Apr 1985, 181-189.
  • McCarthy, J. B. (1989). Resistance and countertransference in child and adolescent psychotherapy: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 49(1) Mar 1989, 67-76.
  • McCarthy, K., & Barber, J. P. (2007). Review of Ambivalence in psychotherapy: Facilitating readiness to change: Psychotherapy Research Vol 17(4) 2007, 504-506.
  • McCloskey, J. J. (1989). Operationalizing psychoanalytic therapy constructs: I. An interrater reliability and agreement study on the Postgraduate Center for Mental Health Post-session Checklist Questionnaire: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • McCormack, J. R. (2002). There is no such thing as resistant client: Marriage & Family: A Christian Journal Vol 5(1) 2002, 39-45.
  • McDonagh, J. M. (1985). Working through resistance by prayer and the gift of knowledge: A case study of anger: Journal of Psychology and Christianity Vol 4(2) Sum 1985, 26-28.
  • McGhee, R. D. (1986). Resistance and revision in Wordsworth's Prelude: Literature and Psychology Vol 32(1) May 1986, 37-52.
  • McHolland, J. D. (1985). Strategies for dealing with resistant adolescents: Adolescence Vol 20[78] Sum 1985, 349-368.
  • McNulty, S. E., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (1991). Psychotherapy, self-concept change, and self-verification. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • McNutt, E. R., & Brandt, S. A. (1993). "Clinical education: 1": Response: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 2(3) 1993, 342-354.
  • McWilliams, S. A. (1992). Turning Ground Into Figure: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 37 (7), Jul, 1992.
  • Meadow, P. W. (1974). A research method for investigating the effectiveness of psychoanalytic techniques: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 61(1) Spr 1974, 79-94.
  • Mednick, R. A. (1987). Resistance in prestructural (psychotic) psychopathology. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Mehle, M. (1977). Transference in group psychotherapy of schizophrenic patients: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 9(1) 1977, 87-90.
  • Mehler, J. A., & Argentieri, S. (1989). Hope and hopelessness: A technical problem? : International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 70(2) 1989, 295-304.
  • Meltzer, D. (1987). Resistance to dream analysis. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Memmott, J. (2005). Review of Roadblocks in cognitive-behavioral therapy: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic Vol 69(4) Fal 2005, 342-343.
  • Mendell, D. (1984). Discussion of "The therapist's seduction by the feminist resistance," by Sharon M. Hymer, Ph.D: Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 2(1) Spr-Sum 1984, 42-44.
  • Mendelsohn, R. (1987). Resistance to countertransference. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Mendlovic, S., & Doron, A. (2001). The 'story-in-a-story' technique: Contemporary Hypnosis Vol 18(2) 2001, 57-60.
  • Messer, S. B. (2002). A psychodynamic perspective on resistance in psychotherapy: Vive la resistance: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 58(2) Feb 2002, 157-163.
  • Milberg, L. C. (1978). A descriptive study of the counselor in therapeutic impasse: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Milgram, D., & Rubin, J. S. (1992). Resisting resistance: Involuntary substance abuse group therapy: Social Work with Groups Vol 15(1) 1992, 95-110.
  • Miller de Paiva, L. (1973). Defense mechanisms in group therapy: Introjective identification of the thanatotic object, the false ego and beta-screen: Dynamische Psychiatrie Vol 6(4) 1973, 238-248.
  • Miller, F. N. (1985). Hopelessness: A narcissistic resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 10(1) 1985, 65-79.
  • Miller, J. M. (1993). Resistance in child psychoanalysis: Journal of Child Psychotherapy Vol 19(1) 1993, 33-45.
  • Miller, R. D. (1984). The possible use of auto-hypnosis as a resistance during hypnotherapy: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Vol 32(2) Apr 1984, 236-247.
  • Miller, R. D., Blancke, F. W., Doren, D. M., & Maier, G. J. (1985). The Munchausen patient in a forensic facility: Psychiatric Quarterly Vol 57(1) Spr 1985, 72-76.
  • Miller, R. D., Maier, G. J., Blancke, F. W., & Doren, D. (1986). Litigiousness as a resistance to therapy: Journal of Psychiatry & Law Vol 14(1-2) Spr-Sum 1986, 109-123.
  • Milman, D. S., & Goldman, G. D. (1987). Techniques of working with resistance. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Milrod, D. (1972). Self-pity, self-comforting, and the superego: The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child Vol 27 Feb 1972, 505-528.
  • Milrod, D. (1991). Self-pity, self-comforting, and the superego: Issues in Ego Psychology Vol 14(1-2) 1991, 94-110.
  • Milrod, D. (1999). "On the difficulty of analyzing character": Discussion: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 8(2) Spr 1999, 222-226.
  • Mintz, D., & Belnap, B. (2006). A View from Riggs: Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority--III. What is Psychodynamic Psychopharmacology? An Approach to Pharmacologic Treatment Resistance: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 34(4) Win 2006, 581-601.
  • Mitic, M., & Andric, V. (1985). Resistances in psychotherapy of adolescents with disturbed behaviour: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 361-373.
  • Mittwoch, A. (1991). "The patient who 'refuses' to change: An innovative approach": Commentary: Group Analysis Vol 24(4) Dec 1991, 479-481.
  • Modell, A. H. (1991). Resistance to the exposure of the private self: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 27(4) Oct 1991, 731-737.
  • Mondello, M. J. (1983). The process of change for depressed women during counseling using anticipation training: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Montagnier, M.-T. (2000). The limits of the analysable and working-through: A Sisyphian task or a transformation of the psychoanalytic act? : Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 64(4) Oct-Nov 2000, 1093-1113.
  • Moorehead, M. K. (1984). She loves me: she loves me not: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Morgan, D. (1995). The Shared Moment in Psychotherapy: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 40 (7), Jul, 1995.
  • Morgan, R. W. (1978). The relationships among therapeutic alliance, therapist facilitative behaviors, patient insight, patient resistance and treatment outcome in psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Morgenstern, S. A. (1990). Psychoanalytic process and transference resistance, with notes on the need for re-analysis: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 59(4) Oct 1990, 712-740.
  • Morse, S. J. (1973). Perfecting the parents: A family romance resistance: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 27(3) Jul 1973, 410-420.
  • Moses-Hrushovski, R. (1994). Deployment: Hiding behind power struggles as a character defense. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Moss, E. (1999). The hysterical group and the hysterical analyst: Group Analysis Vol 32(4) Dec 1999, 559-568.
  • Mouque, T. (2005). What is the meaning of my resistance to psychotherapy? : Psychodynamic Practice: Individuals, Groups and Organisations Vol 11(2) May 2005, 153-164.
  • Moyers, T. B., & Rollnick, S. (2002). A motivational interviewing perspective on resistance in psychotherapy: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 58(2) Feb 2002, 185-193.
  • Myers, W. A. (1989). A transference resistance in male patients with inhibition of urination in public places: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 58(2) 1989, 245-250.
  • Nahler, M. (1983). How to handle resistances in behavioral therapy: Partnerberatung Vol 20(4) 1983, 176-186.
  • Narramore, B. (1994). Dealing with religious resistances in psychotherapy: Journal of Psychology & Theology Vol 22(4) Win 1994, 249-258.
  • Narramore, B. (1994). "Serving two masters? Commentary on 'Dealing with religious resistance in psychotherapy' ": Reply: Journal of Psychology & Theology Vol 22(4) Win 1994, 261-263.
  • Nash, J. L., & Cavenar, J. O. (1976). Free psychotherapy: An inquiry into resistance: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 133(9) Sep 1976, 1066-1069.
  • Neill, D. D. (1993). Psychoanalytic therapy with the elderly: A study of resistances: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Nemec, J. (1979). Voice-speech fullness of life: Existential analysis in the context of a medical discipline: Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie Vol 27(3) 1979, 196-203.
  • Newirth, J. (1995). Impasses in the psychoanalytic relationship: In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice Vol 1(1) Spr 1995, 73-80.
  • Newirth, J. (2000). Impasses in the psychoanalytic relationship: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 56(2) Feb 2000, 225-231.
  • Newman, C. (2006). Conceptualizing resistance from a cognitive-behavioral perspective: Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica Vol 15(3) Nov 2006, 183-191.
  • Newman, C. F. (1994). Understanding client resistance: Methods for enhancing motivation to change: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice Vol 1(1) Sum 1994, 47-69.
  • Newman, C. F. (2002). A case illustration of resistance from a cognitive perspective: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 58(2) Feb 2002, 145-149.
  • Newman, C. F. (2002). A cognitive perspective on resistance in psychotherapy: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 58(2) Feb 2002, 165-174.
  • Nielsen, A. C. (1980). Gestalt and psychoanalytic therapies: Structural analysis and rapprochement: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 34(4) Oct 1980, 534-544.
  • Nikolic, S. (1985). Resistances in psychotherapy of children: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 311-322.
  • No authorship, i. (2003). Review of A Guide to Inclusive Therapy: 26 Methods of Respectful, Resistance-Dissolving Therapy: Family Therapy Vol 30(1) 2003, 56-57.
  • Noshpitz, J. D. (1994). Self-destructiveness in adolescence: Psychotherapeutic issues: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 48(3) Sum 1994, 347-362.
  • Novick, J. (1982). Varieties of transference in the analysis of an adolescent: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 63(2) 1982, 139-148.
  • Novick, J., & Novick, K. K. (1991). Some comments on masochism and the delusion of omnipotence from a developmental perspective: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 39(2) 1991, 307-331.
  • O'Hanlon, B. (2003). A Guide to Inclusive Therapy: 26 Methods of Respectful, Resistance-Dissolving Therapy. New York, NY: W W Norton & Co.
  • Ohlmeier, D. (1972). Dealing with specific defense structures in obsessive-compulsive patients in psychoanalytic treatment: Praxis der Psychotherapie Vol 17(6) Dec 1972, 249-260.
  • Okere, N. S. (1985). The application of gestalt psychotherapy principles to learning: A case study of resistance in adult education: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Omer, H. (2000). Troubles in the therapeutic relationship: A pluralistic perspective: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 56(2) Feb 2000, 201-210.
  • Opdal, L. C. (2001). Timing--The time for intervention: Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review Vol 24(2) 2001, 101-111.
  • Oremland, J. D. (1972). Transference cure and flight into health: International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 1(1) Feb 1972, 61-75.
  • Ormont, L. R. (1988). The leader's role in resolving resistances to intimacy in the group setting: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 38(1) Jan 1988, 29-45.
  • Ormont, L. R. (1989). The role of the leader in managing the preoedipal patient in the group setting: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 39(2) Apr 1989, 147-171.
  • Ormont, L. R. (1993). Resolving resistances to immediacy in the group setting: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 43(4) Oct 1993, 399-418.
  • Ormont, L. R. (2001). The group as agent of change (1996). Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
  • Ormont, L. R. (2001). The leader's role in resolving resistances to intimacy in the group setting (1988). Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
  • Ormont, L. R. (2001). The preparation of patients for group psychoanalysis (1957). Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
  • Ormont, L. R. (2001). The resolution of resistances by conjoint psychoanalysis (1964). Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
  • Ormont, L. R. (2001). Resolving resistances to immediacy in the group setting (1993). Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
  • Ormont, L. R. (2001). The treatment of preoedipal resistances in the group setting (1974). Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
  • Ormont, L. R. (2001). The use of the objective countertransference to resolve group resistances (1970-1971). Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
  • Ornstein, A., & Ornstein, P. H. (1975). On the interpretive process in psychoanalysis: International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 4 2 1975, 19-271.
  • Orsini, M., Salvi, L., & Carzedda, G. (1986). Reflections on the "sports psychologist." Movimento Vol 2(2) Aug 1986, 109-111.
  • Otani, A. (1989). Client resistance in counseling: Its theoretical rationale and taxonomic classification: Journal of Counseling & Development Vol 67(8) Apr 1989, 458-461.
  • Otani, A. (1989). Resistance management techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D.: An application to nonhypnotic mental health counseling: Journal of Mental Health Counseling Vol 11(4) Oct 1989, 325-334.
  • Otsyula, W. (1973). Native and Western healing: The dilemma of East African psychiatry: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Vol 156(5) May 1973, 297-299.
  • Pao, P.-N. (1973). On defensive flight to a new object: International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 2(3) Aug 1973, 320-337.
  • Patelis-Siotis, I. (2005). Review of Roadblocks in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie Vol 50(6) May 2005, 366-367.
  • Patterson, G. R., & Chamberlain, P. (1994). A functional analysis of resistance during parent training therapy: Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice Vol 1(1) Sum 1994, 53-70.
  • Pearson, R. E. (1994). How to deal with resistance to induction by refusing to identify it. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Peltz, M. L. (1992). The wish to be soothed as a resistance: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 61(3) Jul 1992, 370-399.
  • Perron-Borelli, M. (2000). Between narcissistic deficiency and Oedipal organisation: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 64(4) Oct-Nov 2000, 1137-1145.
  • Person, E. S. (1985). The erotic transference in women and in men: Differences and consequences: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 13(2) Apr 1985, 159-180.
  • Person, E. S. (1994). The erotic transference in women and in men: Differences and consequences: Psyche: Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen Vol 48(9-10) Sep-Oct 1994, 783-807.
  • Peternel, F. (1979). Cotherapist in group psychotherapy: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 11(1) 1979, 21-29.
  • Peterson, J. S., Hobson, S. M., & Kraus, K. L. (2004). Group resistance: "Okay. You can lead the group next week". Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
  • Phillips, S. H. (1998). A new analytic dyad: Homosexual analyst, heterosexual patient: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 46(4) 1998, 1195-1219.
  • Pierce, M. (1987). Maintaining the therapeutic alliance with Ms. T. in the initial phase of treatment: Clinical Social Work Journal Vol 15(4) Win 1987, 334-341.
  • Pignatelli, M. (1983). The paradox of psychoanalysis: Illusions and discoveries: Rivista di Psicologia Analitica Vol 14(28) Oct 1983, 56-67.
  • Pinkus, L. (1976). Silence in training analysis: Dynamische Psychiatrie Vol 9(4) 1976, 268-274.
  • Plakun, E. M. (2006). A view from Riggs: Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority--Introduction to Paper III: "What is Psychodynamic Psychopharmacology? An Approach to Pharmacologic Treatment" Resistance, by David Mintz and Barri Belnap: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 34(4) Win 2006, 579-580.
  • Plakun, E. M. (2007). A view from Riggs: Treatment resistance and patient authority--Introduction to paper V: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 35(3) Fal 2007, 373-374.
  • Pollak, M. (1974). The function of perceptual concreteness, affect, and experiencing in a psychoanalysis: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Pollard, C. A. (2007). Treatment Readiness, Ambivalence, and Resistance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Polster, E. (1991). "Loss of ego functions, conflict, and resistance": Response: Gestalt Journal Vol 14(2) Fal 1991, 45-60.
  • Porder, M. S. (2002). Fear of Object Loss as a Resistance to Change in Analysis: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 11(3) Sum 2002, 339-357.
  • Porter, L. (2003). Death in transformation: The importance of impasse in drama therapy: The Arts in Psychotherapy Vol 30(2) 2003, 101-107.
  • Potamianou, A. (1988). Configurations of Nirvana and negative therapeutic reaction: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 52(4) Jul-Aug 1988, 917-935.
  • Potamianou, A. (1990). Dreams and somatization: Topique: Revue Freudienne Vol 20(45) Mar 1990, 49-62.
  • Pre-Laverriere, J.-M. (1985). On Chapter 3 of "Constructions in analysis." Patio No 4 Oct 1985, 17-27.
  • Prosnick, K. P. (2000). The relationship between reports of mystical experiences and Gestalt resistance processes: Gestalt Review Vol 4(1) 2000, 42-46.
  • Protinsky, H., & Maxwell, J. (1977). The refusal to behave rationally: Rational Living Vol 12(1) Spr 1977, 28-30.
  • Puhl, R. (2003). Helping Those Who Won't Improve: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 48 (1), Feb, 2003.
  • Purpura, P. A. (1985). The use of confrontation in the treatment of narcissistic and masochistic character resistances: Issues in Ego Psychology Vol 8(1-2) 1985, 48-51.
  • Ramirez, C. (1983). Drawing out resistance: The use of the House-Tree-Person test to facilitate communication in verbal therapy groups: Group Vol 7(3) Fal 1983, 39-49.
  • Randolph, D. L., & Graun, K. (1988). Resistance to consultation: A synthesis for counselor-consultants: Journal of Counseling & Development Vol 67(3) Nov 1988, 182-184.
  • Randolph, D. L., Wood, T. S., & Waldrop, D. G. (1998). Assessing consultant strategies for dealing with consultee resistance: Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior Vol 35(3-4) 1998, 33-38.
  • Rawn, M. L. (1981). A note on unwitting replication: Quantitative studies of transference and resistance twenty years apart: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 37(4) Oct 1981, 782-784.
  • Razza, N. J., & Tomasulo, D. J. (2005). Group Process in Depth: Inevitable Trouble Spots and Opportunities for Growth. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Reed, C. Y. (1989). Marriage by arrangement: A metaphor for one particular use of network therapy: Journal of Adolescence Vol 12(3) Sep 1989, 279-294.
  • Reggios, F. (1985). Words for a body, a body for words: Bulletin de Psychologie Vol 39(16-18)[377] Sep-Oct 1985-1986, 891-899.
  • Reich, W. (1987). Character resistances. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Reid, C. B. (1991). Multiple trauma, multiple consequences: Analyzing characterological defenses. Springfield, IL, England: Charles C Thomas, Publisher.
  • Reid, T. (1999). A cultural perspective on resistance: Journal of Psychotherapy Integration Vol 9(1) Mar 1999, 57-81.
  • Renik, O. (1984). An example of disavowal involving the menstrual cycle: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 53(4) Oct 1984, 523-532.
  • Renik, O. (1995). The role of an analyst's expectations in clinical technique: Reflections on the concept of resistance: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 43(1) 1995, 83-94.
  • Rennie, D. L. (1994). Clients' accounts of resistance in counselling: A qualitative analysis: Canadian Journal of Counselling Vol 28(1) Jan 1994, 43-57.
  • Reyher, J. (1977). Spontaneous visual imagery: Implications for psychoanalysis, psychopathology, and psychotherapy: Journal of Mental Imagery Vol 1(2) Fal 1977, 253-273.
  • Reynes, R., Martindale, C., & Dahl, H. (1984). Lexical differences between working and resistance sessions in psychoanalysis: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 40(3) May 1984, 733-737.
  • Rhoads, J. M., & Feather, B. W. (1972). Transference and resistance observed in behaviour therapy: British Journal of Medical Psychology Vol 45(2) Jun 1972, 99-103.
  • Rice, J. L. (2000). Does awareness of relationship patterns predict intensity of resistance? Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., & Quinsey, V. L. (2002). The appraisal of violence risk: Current Opinion in Psychiatry Vol 15(6) Nov 2002, 589-593.
  • Riggs, B. C. (1977). Resistance and transference: A general systems formulation: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 5(1) Jan 1977, 65-77.
  • Ritchie, M. H. (1986). Counseling the involuntary client: Journal of Counseling & Development Vol 64(8) Apr 1986, 516-518.
  • Ritchie, M. H. (1986). The obsessed patient: Resistance to treatment: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 3(2) Win 1986, 23-28.
  • Rizzuto, A.-M. (1999). Yes and no: The complexities of compliance in the clinical situation: Psychoanalytic Inquiry Vol 19(1) 1999, 5-21.
  • Robbins, A., & Cooper, B. (1993). Resistance in Art Therapy: A multi-model approach to treatment: Art Therapy Vol 10(4) 1993, 208-218.
  • Robertiello, R. C., & Schoenewolf, G. (1987). 101 common therapeutic blunders: Countertransference and counterresistance in psychotherapy. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Roberts, J. (1991). Destructive phases in groups. New York, NY: Tavistock/Routledge.
  • Rocah, B. (1989). The organization of resistances to new learning in psychoanalysis: A developmental perspective. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Roland, A. (1982). Reply to Dr. Tatara's comments: Hiroshima Forum for Psychology Vol 9 1982-1983, 42-45.
  • Roland, A. (1982). The therapeutic relationship and resistance-analysis in Japan, India, and America: A cross-cultural psychoanalytic perspective: Hiroshima Forum for Psychology Vol 9 1982-1983, 35-39.
  • Rolfe, M. (2005). Review of Biting the hand that starves you: Inspiring resistance to anorexia/bulimia: Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice Vol 78(4) Dec 2005, 565.
  • Roose, S. P., & Gabbard, G. O. (1997). Resistance to medication during psychoanalysis: Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research Vol 6(3) Sum 1997, 239-248.
  • Rosberg, J., & Stunden, A. A. (1990). The use of direct confrontation: The treatment-resistant schizophrenic patient: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 81(4) Apr 1990, 352-358.
  • Rosen, D. (1979). Maintaining psychological fail-safe systems of performance: A proposed theoretical model for explaining resistance in psychotherapy: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Rosenfeld, D. (1980). The handling of resistances in adult patients: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 61(1) 1980, 71-83.
  • Rosenthal, D. (1993). The prognostic intervention in group therapy: A tool for managing group-destructive resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 18(1) 1993, 81-99.
  • Rosenthal, L. (1979). An investigation of the relationship between therapists' orientations and their preferences for interventions in group psychotherapy: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Rosenthal, L. (1985). A modern analytic approach to group resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 10(2) 1985, 165-182.
  • Rosenthal, L. (1987). Resolving resistance in group psychotherapy. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Rosenthal, L. (1996). Phenomena of resistance in modern group analysis: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 50(1) Win 1996, 75-89.
  • Rosenthal, L. (2005). Castouts and Dropouts: Premature Termination in Group Analysis: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 30(2) 2005, 40-53.
  • Rosenthal, L. (2005). Group Supervision of Groups: A Modern Analytic Perspective: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 30(2) 2005, 167-184.
  • Rosenthal, L. (2005). A Modern Analytic Approach to Group Resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 30(2) 2005, 150-166.
  • Rosenthal, L. (2005). Qualifications and Tasks of the Therapist in Group Therapy with Children: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 30(2) 2005, 95-103.
  • Rosenthal, L. (2005). Resistance In Group Therapy: The Interrelationship of Individual and Group Resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 30(2) 2005, 7-25.
  • Rosenthal, L. (2005). The Resolution of Group-Destructive Resistance in Modern Group Analysis: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 30(2) 2005, 72-82.
  • Rosenthal, L. (2005). A Study of Resistances in a Member of a Therapy Group: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 30(2) 2005, 26-39.
  • Rosner, S. (1994). On the place of regrets in psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy Vol 11(1) 1994, 86-90.
  • Ross, J. M. (1985). Discussion of Maria Bergmann's paper "Character resistances: Current clinical views." Issues in Ego Psychology Vol 8(1-2) 1985, 17-21.
  • Rosser, B. S., & Ross, M. W. (1991). Psychological resistance and HIV counselling: Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy Vol 1(4) 1991, 93-114.
  • Rothschild, D. (1996). Working with addicts in private practice: Overcoming initial resistance. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Rothstein, A. (1995). Psychoanalytic technique and the creation of analysands: On beginning analysis with patients who are reluctant to pay the analyst's fee: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 64(2) Apr 1995, 306-325.
  • Rothstein, M. M., & Robinson, P. J. (1991). The therapeutic relationship and resistance to change in cognitive therapy. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Roughton, R. E. (1993). Useful aspects of acting out: Repetition, enactment, and actualization: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 41(2) 1993, 443-472.
  • Rousseau-Dujardin, J. (2000). Alliances? : Journal of European Psychoanalysis No 10-11 2000, 31-40.
  • Roussillon, R. (1985). The negative therapeutic reaction: From protozoa to building block games: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 49(2) Mar-Apr 1985, 597-621.
  • Roux, M.-L. (1989). The object incarnate: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 53(4) Jul-Aug 1989, 1137-1140.
  • Rowe, C. E., Jr. (1996). The concept of resistance in self psychology: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 50(1) Win 1996, 66-74.
  • Ruiz Aja, I., & Manrique Solana, R. (1988). Resistance in systematic family therapy: Concept and management techniques: Clinica y Analisis Grupal Vol 10(3) Sep-Dec 1988, 430-447.
  • Rule, W. R. (2000). Understanding and reframing resistance using angels and devils as metaphor: Journal of Individual Psychology Vol 56(2) Sum 2000, 184-191.
  • Ruppel, G., & Kaul, T. J. (1982). Investigation of social influence theory's conception of client resistance: Journal of Counseling Psychology Vol 29(3) May 1982, 232-239.
  • Rusek, J. (1991). A creative approach to the treatment of resistance: Pratt Institute Creative Arts Therapy Review Vol 12 1991, 9-15.
  • Sachs, B. (1986). Mastering the resistance of working-class fathers to family therapy: Family Therapy Vol 13(2) 1986, 121-132.
  • Sack, R. T. (1988). Counseling responses when clients say "I don't know." Journal of Mental Health Counseling Vol 10(3) Jul 1988, 179-187.
  • Sadavoy, J., Silver, D., & Book, H. E. (1979). Negative responses of the borderline to inpatient treatment: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 33(3) Jul 1979, 404-417.
  • Said, T. (1990). The process of working through in Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy Vol 5(4) Oct 1990, 247-276.
  • Said, T. (2000). Process supervision in Davanloo's Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: Part I: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 14(1) Mar 2000, 19-38.
  • Said, T., Rossi, J., Van Oyen, M., & Wint, S. (1998). The treatment of hyperventilation and panic disorder with Davanloo's intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: Part I. First breakthrough into the unconscious: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 12(1) Mar 1998, 3-25.
  • Said, T., & Schubmehl, J. Q. (1999). Selected proceedings of audiovisual explorations of the unconscious: Part I. Technical and metapsychological roots of Davanloo's system of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 13(2) Jun 1999, 83-108.
  • Said, T., & Schubmehl, J. Q. (1999). Selected proceedings of audiovisual explorations of the unconscious: Part II. Technical and metapsychological roots of Davanloo's system of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 13(2) Jun 1999, 109-134.
  • Said, T., & Schubmehl, J. Q. (1999). Selected proceedings of audiovisual explorations of the unconscious: Part III. Technical and metapsychological roots of Davanloo's system of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 13(2) Jun 1999, 135-148.
  • Saltmarsh, R. E. (1976). Client resistance in talk therapies: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice Vol 13(1) Spr 1976, 34-39.
  • Salzman, L. (1989). Terminating psychotherapy. New York, NY: W W Norton & Co.
  • Samberg, E. (2004). Resistance: How do we think of it in the twenty-first century? : Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 52(1) Win 2004, 243-253.
  • Samberg, E., & Marcus, E. R. (2005). Process, Resistance, and Interpretation. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
  • Sandler, A.-M., & Sandler, J. (1997). Therapeutic and counter-therapeutic factors in psycho-analytic technique: Psycho-analytic Psychotherapy in South Africa Vol 5(2) 1997, 1-11.
  • Sandler, J., & Sandler, A.-M. (1992). Thoughts on regression and antiregression: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 56(4) Oct-Dec 1992, 1089-1099.
  • Sandler, J., & Sandler, A.-M. (1993). Regression and anti-regression: Forum der Psychoanalyse: Zeitschrift fur klinische Theorie & Praxis Vol 9(4) Dec 1993, 283-292.
  • Saretsky, T. (1972). Resistance in a group as a function of the therapist's countertransference expectations: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice Vol 9(3) Fal 1972, 265-266.
  • Satow, R. (1988). Psychic functions of failure: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 75(3) Fal 1988, 443-457.
  • Satten, W. (2002). A case illustration of resistance from a psychodynamic perspective: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 58(2) Feb 2002, 139-144.
  • Saxton, S. E. (2003). The pros and cons of integrating the client resistance scale with psychotherapeutic treatment as perceived by therapists. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Schafer, R. (1973). The idea of resistance: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 54(3) 1973, 259-285.
  • Scharff, D. E., & Scharff, J. S. (1999). Transference and countertransference: Interazioni Vol 2 1999, 63-81.
  • Schenquerman, N. E. (1991). Contributions to the study of resistance to psychic change in the psychoanalyst: Revista de Psicoanalisis Vol 48(5-6) Sep-Dec 1991, 1061-1074.
  • Schmidt, G. (1986). Developing motivation by using therapeutic double binds to engage the client's value system: Hypnose und Kognition Vol 3(2) Oct 1986, 15-21.
  • Schneider, S. (1999). Resistance, empathy, and interpretation with psychotic patients. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Schneiderman, L. (1988). Anticipatory scenarios in psychotherapy: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 4(3-4) 1988, 169-179.
  • Schoenewolf, G. (1989). 101 therapeutic successes: Overcoming transference and resistance in psychotherapy. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Schoenewolf, G. (2005). 111 Common therapeutic blunders (2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Schuller, R., Crits-Christoph, P., & Connolly, M. B. (1991). The Resistance Scale: Background and psychometric properties: Psychoanalytic Psychology Vol 8(2) Spr 1991, 195-211.
  • Schuller, R. B. (1988). The immediate effect of interpretation quality on resistance in psychotherapy and its relationship to outcome: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Schwartz, C. (1984). Failure in the treatment of a psychotic mother and child: Aspects of transference and resistance: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 71(3) Nov 1984, 397-411.
  • Scott, K. J. (1986). The effects of counselor vulnerability of self on counselor empathy and countertransference behaviors in working with compliant and resistant clients: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Seaburn, D. B. (1988). Treating "resistant" behavior: Contributions of systems theory: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 4(3-4) 1988, 51-60.
  • Sealy, J. R. (1994). Dependency needs and sexually addicted professionals: Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity Vol 1(4) 1994, 306-321.
  • Sedmak, T. (1985). Resistances in individual and group psychotherapy of schizophrenic adolescents: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 381-394.
  • Seibel, C. A., & Dowd, E. T. (2001). Personality characteristics associated with psychological reactance: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 57(7) Jul 2001, 963-969.
  • Seligman, L. H., & Gaaserud, L. C. (1994). Difficult clients: Who are they and how do we help them? : Canadian Journal of Counselling Vol 28(1) Jan 1994, 25-42.
  • Selvini, M. P. (1965). The link with the weak object: Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia e Psichiatria 26(6) 1965, 522-553.
  • Selzer, M. A., Grimaldi, J. A. R., & Kulchycky, S. (1992). Pre-alliance group: A new strategy for working with treatment-resistant schizophrenics. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Semel, V. G. (1985). Countertransference and the continual fantasy of patient terminations: A modern psychoanalytic study of one therapist's resistance: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 10(1) 1985, 47-63.
  • Settlage, C. F. (1989). The interplay of therapeutic and developmental process in the treatment of children: An application of contemporary object relations theory: Psychoanalytic Inquiry Vol 9(3) 1989, 375-396.
  • Shaffer, H. J., & Simoneau, G. (2001). Reducing resistance and denial by exercising ambivalence during the treatment of addiction: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment Vol 20(1) Jan 2001, 99-105.
  • Shane, M. (1985). Summary of Kohut's "The Self Psychological Approach to Defense and Resistance". New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Shapiro, R. J. (1972). Resistance revisited: The therapist as surrogate family: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 26(1) Jan 1972, 112-122.
  • Shapiro, R. J. (1982). Clinical approaches to family violence: V. Alcohol and family violence: Family Therapy Collections Vol 3 1982, 69-89.
  • Shapiro, S. (2000). The right time for psychoanalysis: Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy Vol 17(1) 2000, 121-131.
  • Shapiro, S. B. (1966). Resistance to ego therapy: Psychological Reports 18(3) 1966, 703-712.
  • Sherwood, V. R. (1990). The first stage of treatment with the conduct disordered adolescent: Overcoming narcissistic resistance: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 27(3) Fal 1990, 380-387.
  • Sholevar, G. P. (1993). Resistance. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Shulman, D. G. (1986). Narcissism in two forms: Implications for the practicing psychoanalyst: Psychoanalytic Psychology Vol 3(2) Spr 1986, 133-147.
  • Shultz, P. P. (1991). The patient who "refuses" to change: An innovative approach: Group Analysis Vol 24(2) Jun 1991, 147-158.
  • Shultz, P. P. (1992). "The patient who 'refuses' to change": The author responds: Group Analysis Vol 25(1) Mar 1992, 115-116.
  • Sidoli, M. (1986). The volcano and the iceberg: The analysis of an eleven-year-old boy: The Journal of Analytical Psychology Vol 31(2) Apr 1986, 135-152.
  • Sigman, M. (1996). Resistance in a hospital setting: Issues in resolution: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 50(1) Win 1996, 90-101.
  • Siller, J. (1989). Review of Techniques of Working With Resistance: Psychoanalytic Psychology Vol 6(2) Spr 1989, 241-246.
  • Sinha, T. C. (1974). On repression-resistance: Samiksa Vol 28(1) 1974, 1-12.
  • Sitbon, A. (1989). The song of Debora (the change of object as crucial time for the cure): Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 53(4) Jul-Aug 1989, 1201-1207.
  • Smith, C. E. (1971). An atypical session: Resistance and the negativistic patient: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice Vol 8(4) Win 1971, 276-279.
  • Smith, E. W. (1978). The impasse phenomenon: A Gestalt therapy experience involving an altered state of consciousness: Gestalt Journal Vol 1(1) Win 1978, 88-93.
  • Smith, E. W. (1984). "The many faces of the hesitant patient": Comment: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 1(2) Win 1984, 48-49.
  • Smith, H. F. (1990). Cues: The perceptual edge of the transference: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 71(2) 1990, 219-228.
  • Smith, H. F. (1997). Resistance, enactment, and interpretation: A self-analytic study: Psychoanalytic Inquiry Vol 17(1) 1997, 13-30.
  • Smith, H. F. (2006). Analyzing disavowed action: The fundamental resistance of analysis: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 54(3) Sum 2006, 713-737.
  • Smith, T. W. (1986). On Resisting the ABCs of Rational-Emotive Therapy: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 31 (11), Nov, 1986.
  • Smith, W. L. (1967). Death and transfiguration: A psychotherapeutic technique for resolving impasse resistance: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice Vol 4(4) Nov 1967, 162-163.
  • Softas-Nall, B. C., & Baldo, T. D. (2001). The unexpected cotherapist: The Family Journal Vol 9(2) Apr 2001, 191-192.
  • Soiferman, S. J. (1996). Psychotherapy with treatment-resistant, medicated, chronically mentally ill clients in a community mental health center. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Solomon, M. (2006). Review of Dealing with resistance in psychotherapy: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 66(4) Dec 2006, 395-398.
  • Solomon, M. A. (1974). Resistance in family therapy: Some conceptual and technical considerations: The Family Coordinator Vol 23(2) Apr 1974, 159-163.
  • Sonnenberg, S. M. (1993). To write or not to write: A note on self-analysis and the resistance to self-analysis. Hillsdale, NJ, England: Analytic Press, Inc.
  • Sorlie, T., Lazinskiene, J., Asvydiene, S., & Ponomarev, O. (2007). Introducing group therapeutic activities at a traditional Russian psychiatric hospital: Resistance and change: Group Vol 31(3) Sep 2007, 203-213.
  • Speisman, J. C. (1959). Depth of interpretation and verbal resistance in psychotherapy: Journal of Consulting Psychology Vol 23(2) Apr 1959, 93-99.
  • Speisman, J. C. (2001). Depth of interpretation and verbal resistance in psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Spero, M. H. (1977). Interpretations and ego readiness: A psychodynamic approach: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice Vol 14(1) Spr 1977, 74-78.
  • Spinal, P. (1984). Group resistance and leader intervention: An interactional analysis: Small Group Behavior Vol 15(3) Aug 1984, 417-424.
  • Spingarn, J. A. (1988). The pseudo self-sufficient patient: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 4(3-4) 1988, 111-118.
  • Spinks, S. H., & Birchler, G. R. (1982). Behavioral-systems marital therapy: Dealing with resistance: Family Process Vol 21(2) Jun 1982, 169-185.
  • Spotnitz, H. (1987). Resistance of the non-communicating patient in the group: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 12(1) 1987, 17-23.
  • Spotnitz, H. (1989). Therapeutic countertransference: Interventions with the schizophrenic patient: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 14(1) 1989, 3-20.
  • Spotnitz, H. (1992). A note on psychoanalytic research: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 17(2) 1992, 133-136.
  • Spotnitz, H. (1997). The goal of modern psychoanalysis: The therapeutic resolution of verbal and preverbal resistances for patient and analyst: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 22(1) 1997, 31-40.
  • Spotnitz, H., & Gabriel, B. (1995). Resistance in analytic group therapy: A study of the group therapeutic process in children and mothers: Journal of Child & Adolescent Group Therapy Vol 5(3, Spec Issue) Sep 1995, 167-180.
  • Sprince, M. P. (1971). An adolescent boy's battle against recovery: The analysis of an adolescent whose ongoing preoedipal tie to the mother aroused massive treatment resistance and a terror of health: The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child Vol 26 1971, 453-482.
  • Spruiell, V. (1993). The word "just": An essay on resistance, words, and multiple meanings: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 62(3) Jul 1993, 437-453.
  • Stanton, H. E. (1980). Patient-controlled hypnotherapy: One answer to resistance? : Australian Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis Vol 8(2) Nov 1980, 91-94.
  • Stark, M. (1994). A primer on working with resistance. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Stark, M. (1994). Working with resistance. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Steele, P. H. (1984). Aspects of resistance in music therapy: Theory and technique: Music Therapy Vol 4(1) 1984, 64-72.
  • Steens, R. (1988). The concept of resistance from the standpoint of a systems and communication model: Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie Vol 14(4) Jul 1988, 216-224.
  • Stefanovic, S. (1985). Resistances in psychotherapy in early childhood: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 329-333.
  • Stein, M. H. (1990). The unobjectionable part of the transference. New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • Sterba, R. F. (1990). The dynamics of the dissolution of the transference resistance. New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • Stewart, S., & Anderson, C. M. (1984). Resistance revisited: Or Tales of my death have been greatly exaggerated (Mark Twain): Family Process Vol 23(1) Mar 1984, 17-20.
  • Stock, B. (1991). One child care worker's approach to resistance in adolescents: Journal of Child & Youth Care Vol 6(4) 1991, 95-101.
  • Stoffels, H. (1988). Resistance and autonomy: A contribution to the psychotherapy of schizophrenia: Praxis der Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik Vol 33(6) Nov 1988, 292-301.
  • Stoffer, R. (2002). Resistance and the dilemma of change. David Malan meets Peggy Papp: Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie Vol 28(5) Sep 2002, 402-417.
  • Stone, L. (1981). Notes on the noninterpretive elements in the psychoanalytic situation and process: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 29(1) 1981, 89-118.
  • Stoolmiller, M., Duncan, T., Bank, L., & Patterson, G. R. (1993). Some problems and solutions in the study of change: Significant patterns in client resistance: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol 61(6) Dec 1993, 920-928.
  • Storch, R. S., & Lane, R. C. (1989). Resistance in mandated psychotherapy: Its function and management: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 19(1) Spr 1989, 25-38.
  • Strean, H. S. (1974). Choosing among practice modalities: Clinical Social Work Journal Vol 2(1) Spr 1974, 3-14.
  • Strean, H. S. (1985). Resolving resistances in psychotherapy. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Strean, H. S. (1993). Resolving counterresistances in psychotherapy. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Streeck, U. (1995). The interactive production of resistance: Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse Vol 41(3) 1995, 241-252.
  • Strength, J. M. (1998). Expanding Davanloo's interpretive triangles to explicate the client's introjected image of God: Journal of Psychology & Theology Vol 26(2) Sum 1998, 179-187.
  • Sugar, M. (1990). The inpatient borderline adolescent in group therapy: Child Psychiatry & Human Development Vol 20(4) Sum 1990, 235-241.
  • Swift, W. J. (1991). Bruch revisited: The role of interpretation of transference and resistance in the psychotherapy of eating disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Szapocznik, J., Perez-Vidal, A., Hervis, O. E., Brickman, A. L., & Kurtines, W. M. (1990). Innovations in family therapy: Strategies for overcoming resistance to treatment. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Szpilka, J. I. (2000). Transference: Revista de Psicoanalisis de la Asociacion Psicoanalitica de Madrid Vol 32 2000, 101-115.
  • Tatara, M. (1982). Common ground of cross-cultural study of clinical experiences: Comment on Dr. Roland's paper: Hiroshima Forum for Psychology Vol 9 1982-1983, 40-41.
  • Teitelbaum, S. (1991). A developmental approach to resistance: Clinical Social Work Journal Vol 19(2) Sum 1991, 119-130.
  • Teitelbaum, S. (1994). Treatment issues of patients who engage in power struggles: Clinical Social Work Journal Vol 22(3) Fal 1994, 263-276.
  • Terlato, V. (2001). The analysis of defense mechanisms in the transactional analysis setting: Transactional Analysis Journal Vol 31(2) Apr 2001, 103-113.
  • Thompson, T. C. (1987). Resistance and preoedipal object relations: Clinical Social Work Journal Vol 15(4) Win 1987, 342-348.
  • Tomko, M. (1998). The resistant client: Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis Vol 19(1) Mar 1998, 31-37.
  • Tomori, M. (1985). Resistances in individual and group psychotherapy of neurotic adolescents: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 347-354.
  • Tosic, G. (2003). Some types of resistance in group analysis: Socijalna Psihijatrija Vol 31(1) Mar 2003, 44-49.
  • Trbovic, M. (1985). Resistance in the psychotherapy of schizophrenic and schizoaffected patients with religious insanity: Socijalna Psihijatrija Vol 13(3) Sep 1985, 177-183.
  • Trethewey, A. (1997). Resistance, identity, and empowerment: A postmodern feminist analysis of clients in a human service organization: Communication Monographs Vol 64(4) Dec 1997, 281-301.
  • Treuniet, N. (1995). What is psychoanalysis now? : Psyche: Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen Vol 49(2) Feb 1995, 111-140.
  • Treurniet, N. (1993). What is psychoanalysis now? : International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 74(5) Oct 1993, 873-891.
  • Treurniet, N. (1994). "What is psychoanalysis now? ": Erratum: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 75(4) Aug 1994, 843-845.
  • Trief, P. M., & Schiller, H. (2001). Collaboration on an inpatient burn unit: Families, Systems, & Health Vol 19(3) Fal 2001, 337-343.
  • Trower, P., & Dryden, W. (1989). 'Resistance' in a process approach to social skills training: The role of cognitive blocks and how these can be overcome. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Twemlow, S. W. (1989). Review of Resistance: Psychodynamic and Behavioral Approaches: Psychoanalytic Psychology Vol 6(2) Spr 1989, 237-240.
  • Twemlow, S. W. (1990). "Review of Resistance: Psychodynamic and behavioral approaches": Correction: Psychoanalytic Psychology Vol 7(1) Win 1990, 161.
  • Twerski, A. J., & Naar, R. (1976). Guilt clarification via age regression: American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis Vol 18(3) Jan 1976, 204-206.
  • Uribe, V. M. (1988). Short-term psychotherapy for adolescents: Management of initial resistances: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 16(1) Jan 1988, 107-116.
  • Valls, J. L. (1994). "Three basic aspects of transferential resistances in the final stages of the psychoanalytic treatment": Discussion: Revista de Psicoanalisis Spec Issue 3 1994, 33-40.
  • Van Denburg, T. F., & Kiesler, D. J. (2002). An interpersonal communication perspective on resistance in psychotherapy: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 58(2) Feb 2002, 195-205.
  • Van Leeuwen, K. (1988). Resistances in the treatment of a sexually molested 6-year-old girl: International Review of Psycho-Analysis Vol 15(2) 1988, 149-156.
  • Van Rijn, K. (1987). Dealing with resistance in group-dynamic training: A different perspective: Gruppendynamik Vol 18(1) Mar 1987, 47-60.
  • Van Waning, A. (1991). "To be the best or not to be, that is the question...": On enactment, play and acting out: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 72(3) 1991, 539-551.
  • Verhulst, J. C., & Van de Vijver, F. (1990). Resistance during therapy: Psycholoog Vol 25(4) Apr 1990, 159-164.
  • Verhulst, J. C., & Van de Vijver, F. J. (1990). Resistance during psychotherapy and behavior therapy: Behavior Modification Vol 14(2) Apr 1990, 172-187.
  • Veyrat, J.-G., & Rabourdin, V. (1987). On resistance in sex therapy: Psychologie Medicale Vol 19(6) Apr 1987, 863-865.
  • Vianna, H. B. (1974). A peculiar form of resistance to psychoanalytical treatment: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 55(3) 1974, 439-444.
  • Vianna, H. B. (1975). A peculiar form of resistance to psychoanalytical treatment: A reply to the discussion by Willy Baranger: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 56(2) 1975, 263.
  • Viaplana, G. F., Rodriguez, V. S., Laso, E., & Gomez-Jarabo, G. (2002). Resistant in psychotherapy: The importance of psychological reactance, the self-construction profile and the type of complain: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 28(118) 2002, 235-286.
  • Vidovic, V. (1985). Early adolescence and resistances in psychotherapy: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 355-359.
  • Viloca, L. (1990). Clinical polymorphism of psychosis in childhood: Resulting psychotherapeutic problems: Revista Catalana de Psicoanalisi Vol 7(1) Spr 1990, 161-172.
  • Vincelli, N. (1981). Resistance as nonself-value and the value of resistance: Connexions No 36 1981, 119-122.
  • Vinoly Beceiro, A. M. (1990). The analyst's place, analytic setting interpretation in the treatment of states at the border of analyzability: Revista de Psicoanalisis Vol 47(5-6) Nov-Dec 1990, 998-1013.
  • Vlajkovic, J. (1985). The comprehension of resistance in psychotherapy of Carl Rogers: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 415-418.
  • Vlatkovic-Prpic, M., & Rudan, V. (1985). Resistance in family therapy: Psihijatrija Danas Vol 17(4) 1985, 401-406.
  • Vogt, R. (1978). The prospective image the psychotherapist holds of the patient and its impact on the therapeutic process: Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse Vol 24(4) Oct-Dec 1978, 319-327.
  • von Schirnding, A. (1975). Thoughts about the motivation of a psychotherapy patient: Praxis der Psychotherapie Vol 20(3) Jun 1975, 132-140.
  • von Schlieffen, H. G. (1983). Psychoanalysis without the basic rule: Psyche: Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen Vol 37(6) Jun 1983, 481-496.
  • Votruba, D. (2007). Review of Althea J. Horner, dealing with resistance in psychotherapy: Clinical Social Work Journal Vol 35(1) Mar 2007, 67-68.
  • Wachtel, A. B., Stein, A., & Baldinger, M. (1979). Dynamic implications of videotape recording and playback in analytic group psychotherapy: Paradoxical effect on transference resistance: International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Vol 29(1) Jan 1979, 67-85.
  • Wachtel, P. L. (1988). Review of 101 Common Therapeutic Blunders: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 33 (5), May, 1988.
  • Wachtel, P. L. (1999). Resistance as a problem for practice and theory: Journal of Psychotherapy Integration Vol 9(1) Mar 1999, 103-117.
  • Wahl, C. W. (1972). The technique of brief psychotherapy with hospitalized psychosomatic patients: International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 1(4) Nov 1972, 69-82.
  • Wainrib, S. (2000). Working over and anti working-over mechanisms: Revue Francaise de Psychanalyse Vol 64(4) Oct-Nov 2000, 1165-1179.
  • Waite, R. R. (1968). The Negro patient and clinical theory: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol 32(4) Aug 1968, 427-433.
  • Walker, J. (1985). The use of ambiguous photographs as a tool for overcoming resistance: Psychotherapy in Private Practice Vol 3(4) Win 1985, 139-142.
  • Wardi, D., & Litman, S. (1981). The unique effects of the Holocaust on the resistance of the children of survivors in group psychotherapy: Connexions No 36 1981, 79-87.
  • Warner, S. L. (1980). A clinical note on auto-analysis as a narcissistic resistance: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 8(2) Apr 1980, 279-286.
  • Waugaman, R. M. (1997). When the analyst's discretion colludes with the patient's resistance: Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis Vol 6(3) Jul 1997, 411-415.
  • Weidenhammer, B. (1987). Disruption of the process of diagnostic judgment in pre-oedipal pathologies: Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse Vol 33(4) 1987, 353-362.
  • Weil, T. (1985). How to deal with resistance in psychotherapy: A transactional analytic contribution to a psychoanalytic concept: Transactional Analysis Journal Vol 15(2) Apr 1985, 159-163.
  • Weinberg, N. H., & Zaslove, M. (1963). "Resistance" to systematic desensitization of phobias: Journal of Clinical Psychology 19(2) 1963, 179-181.
  • Weiner, M. F. (1974). The psychotherapeutic impasse: Diseases of the Nervous System Vol 35(6) Jun 1974, 258-261.
  • Weinraub, S. (2004). A comparative study of major psychoanalytic theoretical orientations in the United States. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Weinshel, E. M. (1991). Structural change in psychoanalysis. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc.
  • Weiss, S. (1995). On the resistance to child analysis: Problems of the parent and the analyst: The Annual of Psychoanalysis Vol 23 1995, 79-91.
  • Weiss, S. (2001). Discussion: Secrets as a special form of resistance. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Weissberg, J. H., & Levay, A. N. (1981). The role of resistance in sex therapy: Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy Vol 7(2) Sum 1981, 125-130.
  • Welter-Enderlin, R. (1988). Resistance in family therapy: Praxis der Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik Vol 33(4) Jul 1988, 208-217.
  • Werner, K. (2002). Mrs. Erle and her Doctor. A rhetorical conversation analysis of a doctor-patient interaction: Psychotherapie und Sozialwissenschaft: Zeitschrift fur Qualitative Forschung Vol 4(4) 2002, 301-310.
  • Wetzler, S. (2007). Review of Dealing with resistance in psychotherapy: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 164(1) Jan 2007, 176.
  • White, J. G. (1985). The chemistry of a psychoanalysis: Modern Psychoanalysis Vol 10(2) 1985, 199-215.
  • White, R. S. (1996). Psychoanalytic process and interactive phenomena: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association Vol 44(3) 1996, 699-722.
  • Whitmont, A. D. (1976). Development of a stratified locus of control scale and its use to predict resistance to psychotherapy: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Wildwind, L. (1984). When women resist treatment: Approaches for counselors: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment Vol 1(1) 1984, 47-54.
  • Wilke, H.-J. (1976). The meaning of the resistance concept for the treatment of depressives: Analytische Psychologie Vol 7(26) 1976, 286-297.
  • Will, D. (1983). Some techniques for working with resistant families of adolescents: Journal of Adolescence Vol 6(1) Mar 1983, 13-26.
  • Will, D. (1987). Some techniques for working with resistant families of adolescents. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Williams, P. (2001). Some difficulties in the analysis of a withdrawn patient: International Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 82(4) Aug 2001, 727-746.
  • Willis, R. J. (1984). The many faces of the hesitant patient: Psychotherapy Patient Vol 1(2) Win 1984, 37-48.
  • Wills, G. H. (1978). The here and now in Gestalt therapy: Australian Psychologist Vol 13(2) Jul 1978, 183-191.
  • Winocur, J. O. (1996). The power of psychoanalysis: Revista de Psicoanalisis Spec Issue 5 1996, 269-296.
  • Witt, P. H. (2004). Review of Overcoming Resistance: A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Integrated Approach: Journal of Psychiatry & Law Vol 32(4) Win 2004, 543-546.
  • Wittmann, L., & Wittmann, S. (1986). Resistance as an opportunity: On the reconceptualization of the concept in behavior therapy: Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Vol 34(3) 1986, 217-233.
  • Wolf, E. S., & Wilson, J. E. (1980). The "Monday crust" in the disorders of the self: The Annual of Psychoanalysis Vol 8 1980, 197-213.
  • Wolf, R. (2002). Review of Dancing on Blood: Psychoanalytic Review Vol 89(6) Dec 2002, 923-925.
  • Wolstein, B. (1977). Countertransference, counterresistance, counteranxiety: The anxiety of influence and the uniqueness of curiosity: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 13(1) Jan 1977, 16-29.
  • Wolstein, B. (1983). Transference and resistance as psychic experience: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 19(2) Apr 1983, 276-294.
  • Wolstein, B. (1986). Transference neuroses and resistance neuroses: Historical notes on the metapsychology of narcissism: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 22(2) Apr 1986, 202-217.
  • Wolstein, B. (1987). Transference and resistance as psychic experience. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Wolstein, B. (1992). Resistance interlocked with countertransference: R. N. and Ferenczi, and American interpersonal relations: Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol 28(1) Jan 1992, 172-190.
  • Woodsfellow, D. M. (1989). Therapist-client responses to impasse in psychotherapy: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Woodyard, C., Daughhetee, C., & Evans, M. (2004). Resistance: "I'm tired of wallowing". Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
  • Yampey, N. (1988). Adaptive manifestations of aggressivity: Revista de Psicoanalisis Vol 45(2) Mar-Apr 1988, 377-390.
  • Yapko, M. D. (1984). Implications of the Ericksonian and neurolinguistic programming approaches for responsibility of therapeutic outcomes: American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis Vol 27(2) Oct 1984, 137-143.
  • Young, G. G. (1975). Resistance interruption in programmed psychotherapy: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 29(4) Oct 1975, 535-549.
  • Young, W. C. (1986). Restraints in the treatment of a patient with multiple personality: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 40(4) Oct 1986, 601-606.
  • Zapparoli, G. C., & Gislon, M. C. (1999). Resistance to change in the psychotic patient: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Vol 13(1) 1999, 31-40.
  • Zerbe, D. H. (1986). Countertransference, resistance and frame management in the psychotherapy of a 15 year old anorexic and her mother: Clinical Social Work Journal Vol 14(3) Fal 1986, 213-223.
  • Zimmermann, P. B. (1991). The case of Ms. M. Resistance to the transference and its working through: A self-psychological formulation. Springfield, IL, England: Charles C Thomas, Publisher.
  • Zois, C. (2000). Handling resistance in depressed patients: International Journal of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Vol 14(4) Dec 2000, 17-30.
  • Zuniga, M. E. (1991). "Dichos" as metaphorical tools for resistant Latino clients: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 28(3) Fal 1991, 480-483.
  • Zweben, J. E. (1987). Recovery-oriented psychotherapy: Facilitating the use of 12-Step programs: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs Vol 19(3) Jul-Sep 1987, 243-251.
  • Zweben, J. E. (1989). Recovery-oriented psychotherapy: Patient resistances and therapist dilemmas: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment Vol 6(2) 1989, 123-132.
This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).