Reality testing

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Reality testing is the process of objectively distinguishing between the internal world of thoughts and feelings and the external world.

Reality testing in psychological therapy

In mental disorders, where this process is limited, a person is said to lack insight and the further breakdown of the distinction between external and internal world is a characteristic of psychosis. For example hallucinations and delusions are taken as signs of a failure of reality testing

The term was first introduced by Freud in Formulations on the Two Principles of Mental Functioning.

Reality testing as a developmental task

As cognitive growth and socialization occur it is important that children develop the perceptual, cognitive and sensorimotor skills that enable them to understand their relationship to the external physical and social world and to know the limits of their actions. This process is facilitated by play.

See also

• Cognitive processes
• Personality processes
• Reality
• Reality principle

Key texts

Papers

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• Bassman, L. E. (1991). Object relations and reality testing, knowledge about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and self-reported safer sex practices: Dissertation Abstracts International.
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• Brebion, G., Smith, M. J., Gorman, J. M., & Amador, X. (1997). Discrimination accuracy and decision biases in different types of reality monitoring in schizophrenia: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Vol 185(4) Apr 1997, 247-253.
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• Chadwick, P. D. J., Lowe, C. F., Horne, P. J., Higson, P. J., & et al. (1994). Modifying delusions: The role of empirical testing: Behavior Therapy Vol 25(1) Win 1994, 35-49.
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• Dalenberg, C. J. (2000). Do you believe me? Countertransference responses to client doubt and reality-testing disturbance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Davidson, D. R. (1994). Primary maternal preoccupation: A dual track state. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Davidson, K., & Prkachin, K. (1997). Optimism and unrealistic optimism have an interacting impact on health-promoting behavior and knowledge changes: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Vol 23(6) Jun 1997, 617-625.
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• de Blecourt, B., & et al. (1982). Indications for psychoanalysis: The importance of the ability to distinguish between fantasy and reality: Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie Vol 8(6) Nov 1982, 339-355.
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• Elofson, O. R. (1988). Object relations deficits in post traumatic stress disorder: Dissertation Abstracts International.
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• Farber, B. A., & Sacco, M. (1999). The relationship of repression to reality testing in adult women who report childhood sexual and physical abuse: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry Vol 27(2) Sum 1999, 205-220.
• Farrant, A., Blades, M., & Boucher, J. (1998). Source monitoring by children with autism: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Vol 28(1) Feb 1998, 43-50.
• Fazio, A. F. (1973). On Roger Brown's "Schizophrenia, language, and reality." American Psychologist Vol 28(12) Dec 1973, 1143-1144.
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• Fernie, D. E. (1982). Boys' understanding of television and real-life models: Dissertation Abstracts International.
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• Figueiredo, L. C. (2006). Sense of reality, reality testing and reality processing in borderline patients: International Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 87(3) Jun 2006, 769-787.
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