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Epic of Evolution

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The phrase Epic of Evolution represents an attempt to create a mythic narrative aimed at reconciling religious and scientific views of cosmic evolution, biological evolution, and sociocultural evolution. According to Taylor's Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, it is…

the 14 billion year narrative of cosmic, planetary, life, and cultural evolution—told in sacred ways. Not only does it bridge mainstream science and a diversity of religious traditions; if skillfully told, it makes the science story memorable and deeply meaningful, while enriching one's religious faith or secular outlook.[1]

History[]

File:Plos wilson.jpg

E.O.Wilson

The term "Epic of Evolution" seems to have been first used[2] by Harvard biologist Edward O. Wilson in 1978.[3] He was using 'myth' as a grand narrative that provides a people with a meaningful placement in time, not as a falsehood.[4] Wilson was not the first to use the term but his prominence prompted its usage as the morphed phrase 'epic of evolution'. In later years he also used the latter term.[5]

Naturalistic and liberal religious writers have picked up on Wilson's term and have used it in a number of texts. These authors however have at times used other terms to refer to the idea: Universal Story (Brian Swimme, John F. Haught), Great Story (Connie Barlow, Michael Dowd), Everybody's Story (Loyal Rue[6]), New Story (Thomas Berry, Al Gore, Brian Swimme) and Cosmic Evolution (Eric Chaisson[7]).[8][9][10][11]

Narrative[]

Evolution generally refers to biological evolution, but here it means a process in which the whole universe is a progression of interrelated phenomena, a gradual process[12] in which something changes into a different and usually more complex form (emergence). It should not be 'biologized’ as it includes many areas of science.[13] In addition, outside of the scientific community, the term evolution is frequently used differently than scientists do. Even respected dictionaries may present questionable definitions that are not scientific or only address genetic changes. Unfortunately it is common for the general public to enter into a discussion about evolution with a wrong definition in mind. This often leads to misunderstanding since scientists are viewing evolution from a different perspective.[14] The same applies to the use of the term theory as used in the theory of evolution (see references for Evolution as theory and fact).

This epic is not a long narrative poem but a series of events that form the proper subject for a laudable kind of tale. It is mythic in that it is a story of ostensibly historical events that serves to unfold part of the worldview of a people and explains a natural phenomenon.[15] It is a form of myth that has an approach to investigation that is empirical or scientific.[16] According to Joseph Campbell myths serve two purposes – provide meaning for a maturing individual (an individuate) and how to be part of a community. This Epic does both.[17]

The Epic of Evolution is a systematic story that helps make sense of humanity’s place and purpose in the process that is the Universe. It marries objective scientific facts with the meanings provided by philosophy and the spirituality of religious belief. It is a vast topic and much has been written and debated about it. It offers two different but combined perspectives of the same reality. It tells the tale of the Cosmos in a methodical way but with a religious acceptance of it while addressing complexity, directionality, purpose, human psychology and survival of the most cooperative and compassionate beings. This epic tale helps some people to deepen their faith and to understand and appreciate other religions and philosophies. They may move from believing in God, to knowing God.[18]

The Epic as myth[]

Dr. William Grassie of Temple University writes that the word "myth" in common usage is usually misunderstood. In academia it defines "a story that serves to define the fundamental world view of a culture by explaining aspects of the natural world and delineating the psychological and social practices and ideals of a society." He suggests that the Greek term mythos would be a better term to apply to the Epic as it is more all-encompassing. He concluded that there is not yet an interpretive tradition within science and society about this Epic of Evolution. If anything, there is an anti-interpretation tradition. Consequently, this is dangerous as it is a powerful revelation at this time.[19] Grassie says the Epic is complex and multifaceted, not simple or easy to understand. It takes a romantic vision, philosophical rigor, and artistic interpretations. It requires a consilience of modern disciplines and acceptance of social diversity. The ancient wisdoms of the world’s spiritual traditions must be adapted to make the framework to weave the Epic.[20]

Interpretations of the epic[]

E. O. Wilson explained that humans had a need for the Epic of Evolution because they must have a mythical story or a sublime account of how the world was created and how humanity became part of it. Religious epics fulfill a primal need in this respect as they verify that humans are part of something greater than themselves. The best empirical knowledge that science and history can provide is necessary in order to provide a comparable epic tale that will reliably unite a separated human spirituality.[21] He believes the evolutionary epic can be as inherently noble as any religious epic when it is expressed in a poetic way.[22] In a similar vein, biologist Ursula Goodenough sees the tale of natural emergence as far more magical than traditional religious miracles. It is a story that people can work with in a religious way if they elect to do so.[23]

Philip Hefner uses the analogy of weaving to describe the Epic. The warp anchors the story and the weft creates the pattern and the tapestry. The Epic, as scientists see it, is the warp and the weft forms the pattern as each of us views it (we are all weavers) but the patterns all have the warp in common.[24] Hefner writes that stories about the evolutionary epic are redolent with ultimacy.

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It is not science; it is scientifically informed myth, a myth driven by the refusal to give up on the insistence that the natural world and our lives in the world have meaning and purpose. It is a mythical tale of irony and hope that fills a large space in the domaine of religion-and-science.[25] Biologist Ursula Goodenough also makes use of Hefner’s weaving metaphor.[26]

Connie Barlow and Michael Dowd's Great Story divides the epic into 8 phases eons or eras: the Great Radiance, the Galactic, Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.[27] Dowd uses the term 'Epic of Evolution' to help construct his viewpoint of evolution theology (a form of theistic evolution). His position is that science and religious faith are not mutually exclusive.[28] He preaches that the epic of cosmic, biological, and human evolution, revealed by science, is a basis for an inspiring and meaningful view of our place in the universe. Evolution is viewed as a spiritual process that it is not meaningless blind chance.[29]

Loyal Rue states that there is nothing in the core of everybody's story to rule out belief in a personal deity. However belief in God is not an indispensable part of this narrative and here will be both theistic and non-theistic versions of it.[30] He says it is the fundamental story of matter, created from energy, the organization of that matter into complex conditions, and then via self-organization into diverse life forms. Humans are as other living things – we are by nature star-born, earth-formed, fitness- maximinized, biochemical systems. An aspect of the Epic is the evolution of behavior by that biochemical system.[31]

Brian Swimme sees the Epic as a way to gently maneuver a person into the magnificence of the Universeand as an antidote to the unhealthy consciousness of consumerism. It is the way into the future and enabled him to comprehend the cultural significance of this new story of science moving away from a materialistic worldview. It may move science away from its traditional abstractness to the uniqueness found in natural history. To him evolution and creativity are equivalent so it could be the Epic of Creativity (similar to Gordon Kaufman’s thinking). Although the Epic is scientific, it is ‘definitely mythic' – it has the fundamental nature of being mythic.“You take hydrogen gas, and you leave it alone, and it turns into rosebuds, giraffes and humans.”[32]

Gordon D. Kaufman sees the Epic as a serendipitous creative process. He states that it is a notion that can interpret the enormous expansion and complexification of the physical universe (from the Big Bang outward), as well as the evolution of life here on earth and the gradual emergence of human historical existence. The whole vast process manifests (in varying degrees) serendipitous creativity, an everflowing coming into being of new modes of reality.[33] In his book, In the beginning—creativity, he says this creative process is God. Creativity, as metaphor, and as defined in the concept of evolution, has possibilities for constructing a new concept of God. The most foundational kind of creativity is found in that of cosmos/biological evolution – a paradigm that is now the organizing principle of all the sciences.[34] It would seem as though he was equating God to the evolutionary story. This is similar to Dowd who sees the facts of Nature as God's native tongue.[35]

Eric Chaisson sees a directionality to the epic,[36] which he divides into 'Seven Ages of the Cosmos': Particulate, Galactic, Stellar, Planetary, Chemical, Biological and Cultural [37][38]

Other interpretations include

  • The Cosmic Walk is a ritual created by Miriam MacGillis as a way of allowing emotional acceptance of the intellectual knowledge of the 14 billion year process of the evolution of the universe.[39]
  • Bron Taylor's Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature gives four primary categories: cosmic, planetary, life, cultural[40]Template:Page needed
  • Professor David Christian, San Diego State University, organizes the epic of creation into eight thresholds. Each threshold marks a time when something truly new appeared and forms never before seen began to arise. The story Christian relates has only been possible since the mid-1900 due to improved dating techniques. As he explains, this epic will continue to grow and change as scientists and historians accumulate new knowledge.[41]

Future[]

Hefner states that the Epic is a dynamic story not a static once-and-for-all narrative myth.[citation needed]

Chaisson speaks of the future as uncertain, but possibly involving further human evolution and the exploration of space (before the Earth becomes uninhabitable in approximately 1 billion years).[42]

John Stewart states that life on Earth is entering a new, intentionally driven, phase, requiring a new worldview to understand it. He summarizes the future arrow of evolution into four main areas:[43]

  • Intentional evolution
  • Advancing evolution by organizing a cooperative global society
  • Advancing evolution by enhancing evolvability
  • The unique capacity of the evolutionary worldview to provide direction and purpose for humanity

Creation-evolution controversy[]

Main article: Creation-evolution controversy

The creation-evolution controversy goes beyond the field of evolutionary biology and includes many fields of science (cosmology, geology, paleontology, thermodynamics, physics and sociobiology).[44]

Although in the scientific community there is essentially universal agreement that the evidence of evolution is overwhelming, and the consensus supporting the modern evolutionary synthesis is nearly absolute,[45][46] creationists have asserted that there is a significant scientific controversy and disagreement over the validity of the evolution epic.[47][48][49]

The debate is sometimes portrayed as being between science and religion. However, as the National Academy of Sciences states:

Today, many religious denominations accept that biological evolution has produced the diversity of living things over billions of years of Earth’s history. Many have issued statements observing that evolution and the tenets of their faiths are compatible. Scientists and theologians have written eloquently about their awe and wonder at the history of the universe and of life on this planet, explaining that they see no conflict between their faith in God and the evidence for evolution. Religious denominations that do not accept the occurrence of evolution tend to be those that believe in strictly literal interpretations of religious texts.

—Science, Evolution, and Creationism, National Academy of Sciences[50]

Dr.John Haught, Roman Catholic theologian, in his Science and Religion: from Conflict to Conversation suggests a theistic acceptance of the Epic. He says contemporary theology is being changed by evolutionary science. There are many versions undergoing constant revision. He considers evolution to be, at least provisionally, a most appropriate and fruitful scientific framework within which to think about God today and deplores that contemporary theology gets hung up in the creationism controversy.[51] There are liberal congregations these days that may see the Epic of Evolution as a history about life and the Universe that is both scientific and sacred. The profoundly sacred elements of the story warm up the cold technical facts with awe and reverence, giving Nature an inspiring beauty.[52]

Eric Chaisson in his book, Epic of Evolution, concludes that the coherent story of cosmic evolution – a powerful and noble effort – may perhaps be the way to ethical evolution in the new millennium .[53] Not all of the Epic’s advocates are distinguished scientists. Some are Christians who consider it a ‘narrative of mythic proportions’ that contain religious aspects. They see it as a multifaceted concept that that has been in Christian theology implicitly for hundreds of years and is congenial to perspectives that include ultimacy, transcendence, purpose and morality. However, there are both humanists and creationists that dispute this contending that this is a materialistic story of the world.[54]

Research efforts[]

A group of scientists, theologians, and artists whose purpose was to explore the meaning and implications of the Epic of Evolution formed the Epic of Evolution Society in 1997. It was led by Brain Swimme DeBoer,[55] founding board member and editor of EarthLight: The Magazine of Spiritual Ecology, in 1998 founded an international group.[56]

In 1996 the Institute on Religion in an Age of Science held a conference on the Epic of Evolution.[57] In 1997 the American Association for the Advancement of Science organized a conference on the Epic of Evolution as part of their program on Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion.[58] In July 1999, The Forum on Religion and Ecology with special support from the Center for Respect of Life and Environment sponsored a conference titled The Epic of Evolution and World Religions. It consisted of a small invitational gathering of scholars of the world’s religious traditions as well as a number of scientists and educators. It explored how the creation stories of the world’s religions intersect with or react to the epic of evolution.[59] An Evolutionary Epic conference was held in Hawaii in January 2008. It was attended by scientists, artists, educators, and spiritual and religious leaders. The objective was to weave together many otherwise disparate areas of study into one coherent Epic of Evolution tale (a consilience).[60]

An Epic of Evolution Journal was published from 1998 till 2000 with articles by noted authors Brian Swimme, Thomas Berry, Ursula Goodenough, Jennifer Morgan, and Connie Barlow.[61] Washington University in St. Louis offers a course on the Epic of Evolution.[62] The Epic has also been taught at Northern Arizona University.[63] The course engaged the task of formulating a new epic myth that is based on the physical, natural, social, and cultural sciences for which there are as yet few textbooks. The course was presented in three segments: the cosmos before humans appeared, the human phenomenon, and scenarios for the future of evolution. Dr. Eric J. Chaisson, Professor of Physics, Tufts University teaches a course at Harvard University on the Epic of Evolution.[64] California Institute of Integral Studies also offers a graduate course on the Epic.[65]

Educational efforts[]

There are many books, journals, and videos on the evolution epic that have been published in recent years.[66]

Dr. Sidney Liebes, physicist and creator of the world-renowned exhibition, A Wall Through Time... From Stardust to Us, has a series of educational videos on The Epic of Evolution. It takes the viewer on a tour of mankind’s incredible evolutionary journey, which he believes provides the basis for a new global ethic that guarantees the Earth's biodiversity.[67]

Educational organizations and individuals have devised a variety of novel ways to teach the Epic of Evolution such as: The Council of All Beings[68] The Cosmic Walk,[69][70][71] Great Story Beads,[72] 'We Are Made of Stardust[73] works of art,[74] and poems (Lament of the Blue-Green Algae – Neal McBurnett), parables (The Buddha Bowl – Paula Hirschboeck, Earth’s Eyes – Leslie Pilder) and evolution songs (I Love to Tell the Story, Praise Birth and Death Amid the Stars, The River of Life Song).[75]

Evolution Sunday, a Christian church event (1,044 Congregations observed it in 2009)[76] arose from the Clergy Letter Project signed in 2004 by 10,500 American clergy. It is spreading internationally and across other faiths. It supports the story of evolution in a manner similar to the Epic (science and religion compatibility) promoting serious discussion and reflection on the relationship between religion and science.[77] "For far too long, strident voices, in the name of Christianity, have been claiming that people must choose between religion and modern science," says Michael Zimmerman, founder of Evolution Sunday and dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Butler University in Indianapolis. "We're saying you can have your faith, and you can also have science."[78]

File:ConnieBarlow.jpg

Connie Barlow

Michael Dowd and his wife Connie Barlow have traveled the USA since 2002 by van as nomads teaching his Gospel of Evolution[79] and the Epic of Evolution (Great Story) to both secular and religious audiences.[80] Dowd’s book, Thank God for Evolution, and his neo-theistic religious naturalism teachings have been featured in media ranging from The New York Times Magazine and The Washington Post to the National Catholic Reporter, NPR, the BBC and numerous other radio programs.[81][82] He has presented his case for the marriage of religion and science at over a thousand events sponsored by a diverse group of denominations, including Christian, Unitarian Universalist, Unity Church, Religious Science, secular humanism and Religious Naturalists venues.[83] Dowd teaches that the Epic of Evolution is "a shared sacred story that honors both objective truth and subjective meaning"[84] Barlow has put together a teaching aid for primary school children.[85]

Voyages Through Time on CD-ROM is a year-long curriculum for ninth or tenth graders. It is divided into six modules: Cosmic Evolution, Planetary Evolution, Origin of Life, Evolution of Life, Hominid Evolution, and Evolution of Technology.[86]

See also[]

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References[]

  1. ↑ The Epic of Evolution, 2004 Taylor's Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature
  2. ↑ E. O. Wilson coined the term "evolutionary epic"– Teilhard Perspective, Volume 30 #2 Fall 1997
  3. ↑ "The evolutionary epic is probably the best myth we will ever have." On Human Nature, E. O. Wilson, 1978, p 201.
  4. ↑ Connie Barlow – The Epic of Evolution: Religious and cultural interpretations of modern scientific cosmologyScience & Spirit Magazine
  5. ↑ includeonly>Novacek, Michael J.. "Lifetime achievement: E.O. Wilson", CNN.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-08.
  6. ↑ Rue, Loyal. Everybody's Story: Wising Up to the Epic of Evolution, SUNY Press, 1999, ISBN 0-7914-4392-2
  7. ↑ Chaisson, Eric. Epic of Evolution: Seven Ages of the Cosmos, Columbia University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-231-13560-2, 978-0-231-13560-3
  8. ↑ Thomas, Alfred K. The Epic of Evolution, Its Etiology and Art: A Study of Vardis Fisher's Testament of Man, University Microfilms International, 1989
  9. ↑ Miller, James B. The Epic of Evolution: Science and Religion in Dialogue, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2003, ISBN 0-13-093318-X
  10. ↑ Kaufman, Gordon. The Epic of Evolution as a Framework for Human Orientation, 1997
  11. ↑ Hefner. The Evolutionary Epic. Zygon, vol.44 #1, March 2009, page 3. "An enormous amount of attention has been given to constructing this myth. Such efforts commonly go under the names 'evolutionary epic,' 'epic of evolution,' or 'epic of creation'."
  12. ↑ J. C. Polkinghorne, The Work of Love: Creation as Kenosis, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2001, (Peacocke chapter) page 21, ISBN 0-8028-4885-0 [1]
  13. ↑ Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley – The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2001, page 229, ISBN 90-04-11695-8
  14. ↑ Laurence Moran – What is Evolution, 1993 [2] retrieved 4-07-09
  15. ↑ Merriam-Webster
  16. ↑ Epic of Evolution is definitely mythic – Brian Swimme interview
  17. ↑ Duncan Campbell in one of his interview
  18. ↑ Celebrating the Epic of Evolution retrieved 2009-04-15
  19. ↑ Can the modern evolutionary cosmology be a mythic story for our time?[3]- retrieved 3-22-09
  20. ↑ William Grassie, Science and Spirit 1998, 9(1) – page 6 of this ref- Science and Spirit retrieved 3-16-09
  21. ↑ Edward O. Wilson, Foreword of Everybody's Story: Wising Up to the Epic of Evolution By Loyal D. Rue, SUNY Press, 1999, page ix and x,ISBN 0-7914-4392-2,
  22. ↑ Edward O. Wilson, Consilience 1998
  23. ↑ Ursula Goodenough – Sacred Depths of Nature, Oxford University Press, USA; 1 edition (June 15, 2000), ISBN 0-19-513629-2
  24. ↑ Classic Quotations – Philip Hefner, 1997 AAAS Epic of Evolution Conference
  25. ↑ Hefner – The Evolutionary Epic – Zygon, vol.44 #1, March 2009, page 5,6
  26. ↑ Ursula Goodenough – The Sacred Depths of Nature, Oxford University Press US, 1998, page 272, ISBN 0-19-512613-0
  27. ↑ Great Story Timeline
  28. ↑ Evolution Theology: Religion 2.0
  29. ↑ Thank God for Evolution
  30. ↑ Loyal Rue – Everybody's Story: Wising Up to the Epic of Evolution, SUNY Press, 1999, ISBN 0-7914-4392-2
  31. ↑ Loyal Rue – Religion is not About God, Rutgers University Press, 2006, Part 1.1, ISBN 0-8135-3955-2
  32. ↑ Center for the Story of the Universe
  33. ↑ Gordon D. Kaufman – God, mystery, diversity: Christian theology in a pluralistic world, Fortress Press, 1996, page 101–102, ISBN 0-8006-2959-0 [4] retrieved 3-17-09
  34. ↑ Gordon D. Kaufman – In the beginning—creativity, Fortress Press, 2004, page x,33,57,137, ISBN 0-8006-6093-5 [5] retrieved 3-17-09]
  35. ↑ evolutionary evangelist retrieved 2009-02-01
  36. ↑ Arrow of Time
  37. ↑ Epic of Evolution: Seven Ages of the Cosmos,2006
  38. ↑ Cosmic Evolution
  39. ↑ Cosmic Walk 2
  40. ↑ "The Epic of Evolution" in the 2005 Taylor's Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature:[6]
  41. ↑ Big History: The Big Bang, Life on Earth, and the Rise of Humanity, Course No. 8050 [7] retrieved 4-11-09
  42. ↑ Cosmic Evolution – Future
  43. ↑ INTENTIONAL EVOLUTION retrieved3-16-09
  44. ↑ An Index to Creationist Claims , Mark Isaak, Talkorigins Archive,Copyright © 2006.
  45. ↑ Delgado, Cynthia (2006-07-28). Finding evolution in medicine. NIH Record 58 (15).
  46. ↑ Ruling, Kitzmiller v. Dover page 83
  47. ↑ Morris, Henry The ICR Scientists. Institute for Creation Research. URL accessed on 2007-10-23.
  48. ↑ Denton, Michael (1986). Evolution: a theory in crisis, Bethesda, Md: Adler & Adler.
  49. ↑ Schafersman, Steven Texas Citizens for Science Responds to Latest Discovery Institute Challenge. Discovery Institute. URL accessed on 2007-10-23.
  50. ↑ Committee on Revising Science and Creationism, A View from the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (2008). Science, Evolution, and Creationism, National Academy of Sciences.
  51. ↑ John F. Haught – Science and Religion: from conflict to conversation, Paulist Press, 1995, page 69, ISBN 0-8091-3606-6 [8]
  52. ↑ The Epic of Evolution – A sermon by Douglas Taylor [9] retrieved 3-15-09
  53. ↑ Eric Chaisson – Epic of Evolution: Seven Ages of the Cosmos, Columbia University Press, 2006, page 442, ISBN 0-231-13560-2 [10] retrieved 3-23-09
  54. ↑ Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley – The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2001, page 235, ISBN 90-04-11695-8
  55. ↑ Epic of Evolution Society
  56. ↑ International Epic of Evolution Society Epic of Evolution Society retrieved 3-27-09
  57. ↑ Past Conferences, Institute on Religion in an Age of Science
  58. ↑ American Association for the Advancement of Science – Epic of Evolution conference program
  59. ↑ The Forum on Religion and Ecology Epic of Evolution and World Religions retrieved 3-27-09/
  60. ↑ Evolutionary Epic Conference evolutionaryepic.org
  61. ↑ Epic of Evolution Journal
  62. ↑ 210A: Epic of Evolution
  63. ↑ Northern Arizona University
  64. ↑ Astro E-8 COSMIC EVOLUTION: The Origins of Matter and Life retrieved 3-09-09
  65. ↑ California Institute of Integral Studies – MULTIDISCIPLINARY GRADUATE PROGRAM [11] retrieved 3-27-09
  66. ↑ Books, Journals and Videos on the Epic of Evolution
  67. ↑ Global Mind Shift – Dr. Sidnet Liebes – The Epic of Evolution: Our Place Among the Stars [12] 3-07-09
  68. ↑ Council of All Beings , John Seed, Joanna Macy, Pat Fleming and Arne Naess – Thinking Like a Mountain, New Society Publishers, 1988
  69. ↑ The Cosmic Walk
  70. ↑ Text for the Cosmic Walk
  71. ↑ Welcome to Creation’s Story
  72. ↑ Great Story Beads
  73. ↑ ',Stardust
  74. ↑ Catherine Russell – Artwork inspired by the Epic of Evolution
  75. ↑ Epic Teaching Aids- Great Story Parables retrieved 3-27-09
  76. ↑ 2009 Evolution Weekend [13] retrieved 2-26-09
  77. ↑ Religion and Science Relationship [14] retrieved 2-26-09
  78. ↑ Christian faith in the other good book, 2007 [15] retrieved 2-26-09
  79. ↑ includeonly>Leslie Palma-Simoncek. "Author to talk on 'Gospel of Evolution'", Baltimore Sun, 2008-08-10. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. [dead link]
  80. ↑ Michael Dowd, Biography & Resources – Enlighten Next Magazine [16] retrieved 2009-01-29
  81. ↑ The Penguin Speakers Bureau [17] retrieved 2009-01-29
  82. ↑ Audio Interviews with Michael Dowd [18] retrieved 2009-01-29
  83. ↑ Past Speaking Itinerary of Michael Dowd and Connie Barlow
  84. ↑ Reasons Why Nothing Matters More Than What We Think About Evolution
  85. ↑ We Are Made of Stardust – Sept. 2007, Supplementary Lesson B revised Feb. 2008
  86. ↑ Voyages Through Time 3-28-09

Further reading[]

  • 2009 – Michael Ruse & Joseph Travis  – Evolution: The First Four Billion Years, Belknap Press, 2009, ISBN 0-674-03175-X
  • 2008 – Chet Raymo – When God Is Gone, Everything Is Holy, Sorin Books, Sept. 2008, ISBN 1-933495-13-8
  • 2008 – Michael Dowd – Thank God for Evolution:, Viking (June 2008), ISBN 0-670-02045-1
  • 2008 – Kenneth R. Miller – Only a Theory: Evolution and the Battle for America’s Soul, Viking Adult, 2008, ISBN 0-670-01883-X
  • 2008 – Eugenie C. Scott – Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction, Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-0-313-34427-5
  • 2007 – Eric Chaisson – Epic of Evolution, Columbia University Press (March 2, 2007), ISBN 0-231-13561-0
  • 2006 – John Haught – Is Nature Enough?, Cambridge University Press (May 31, 2006), ISBN 0-521-60993-3
  • 2004 – Gordon Kaufman – In the Beginning....Creativity, Augsburg Fortress Pub., 2004, ISBN 0-8006-6093-5
  • 2003 – James B. Miller – The Epic of Evolution: Science and Religion in Dialogue, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2003, ISBN 0-13-093318-X
  • 2000 – Ursula Goodenough – Sacred Depths of Nature, Oxford University Press, USA; 1 edition (June 15, 2000), ISBN 0-19-513629-2
  • 2000 – John Stewart – Evolution's Arrow: The Direction of Evolution and the Future of Humanity, Chapman Press, 2000, ISBN 0-646-39497-5
  • 1999 – Loyal Rue – Everybody's Story: Wising Up to the Epic of Evolution, SUNY Press, 1999, ISBN 0-7914-4392-2
  • 1997– Connie Barlow – Green Space Green Time: The Way of Science, Springer (September 1997), ISBN 0-387-94794-9
  • 1992 – Brian Swimme – The Universe Story: From the Primordial Flaring Forth to the Ecozoic Era, HarperCollins, 1992, ISBN 0-06-250835-0
  • 1978 – Edward O. Wilson – On Human Nature, Harvard University Press,1979, ISBN 0-674-01638-6

Reading lists – Books of the Epic of Evolution, Cosmic Evolution

External links[]

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