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In biochemistry, a transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group (e.g. a methyl or phosphate group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a transferase:
- A–X + B → A + B–X
In this example, A would be the donor, and B would be the acceptor. The donor is often a coenzyme.
Nomenclature[]
Proper names of transferases are formed as "donor:acceptor grouptransferase." However, other names are much more common. The common names of transferases are often formed as "acceptor grouptransferase" or "donor grouptransferase." For example, a DNA methyltransferase is a transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA acceptor.
Classification[]
Transferases are classified as EC 2 in the EC number classification. Transferases can be further classified into nine subclasses:
- EC 2.1 includes enzymes that transfer one-carbon groups (methyltransferase)
- EC 2.2 includes enzymes that transfer aldehyde or ketone groups
- EC 2.3 includes acyltransferases
- EC 2.4 includes glycosyltransferases
- EC 2.5 includes enzymes that transfer alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
- EC 2.6 includes enzymes that transfer nitrogenous groups (transaminase)
- EC 2.7 includes enzymes that transfer phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferase, including polymerase and kinase)
- EC 2.8 includes enzymes that transfer sulfur-containing groups (sulfurtransferase and sulfotransferase)
- EC 2.9 includes enzymes that transfer selenium-containing groups
See also[]
References[]
- EC 2 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London
Proteins: enzymes | |
|---|---|
| Topics |
Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes |
| Types |
EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list |
- REDIRECT Template:One carbon transferases
Template:Aldehyde-ketone transferases
Transferases: acyltransferases (EC 2.3) | |
|---|---|
| 2.3.1: other than amino-acyl groups (mostly acetyltransferases) |
N-Acetylglutamate synthase - Choline acetyltransferase - Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase - Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase - Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase - Beta-galactoside transacetylase - Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (CPT1, CPT2) - Acyltransferase like 2 - Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase - Aminolevulinic acid synthase - Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase - Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase - Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase - Histone acetyltransferase (P300/CBP) - Serotonin N-acetyl transferase |
| 2.3.2 - Aminoacyltransferases |
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase - Peptidyl transferase - Transglutaminase (Tissue transglutaminase, Keratinocyte transglutaminase, Factor XIII) |
| 2.3.3 - converted into alkyl on transfer |
Citrate synthase - ATP citrate lyase - HMG-CoA synthase |
Transferases: glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4) | |
|---|---|
| 2.4.1 - Hexosyltransferases: glucosyltransferase |
Phosphorylase (Starch, Glycogen, Myo-) - Glycogen synthase - Debranching enzyme - Branching enzyme - 1,3-beta-glucan synthase - Ceramide glucosyltransferase |
| 2.4.1 - Hexosyltransferases: other |
Galactosyltransferase (Lactose synthase, B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase) - Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1, UGT2B7, Hyaluronan synthase) - Fucosyltransferase (POFUT1, POFUT2) |
| 2.4.2 - Pentosyltransferases: ADP ribose |
Cholera toxin - Diphtheria toxin - Pertussis toxin - Poly ADP ribose polymerase |
| 2.4.2 - Pentosyltransferases: other |
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase - Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase - Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase - Amidophosphoribosyltransferase |
Template:Alkyl and aryl transferases Template:Transaminases Template:Phosphotransferases Template:Sulfur-containing group transferases
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