Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods |
Statistics |
Clinical |
Educational |
Industrial |
Professional items |
World psychology |
Other fields of psychology: AI · Computer · Consulting · Consumer · Engineering · Environmental · Forensic · Military · Sport · Transpersonal · Index
Virtual reality (VR) is a technology, which allows a user to interact with a computer-simulated environment, be it a real or imagined one. Most current virtual reality environments are primarily visual experiences, displayed either on a computer screen or through special or stereoscopic displays, but some simulations include additional sensory information, such as sound through speakers or headphones. Some advanced, haptic systems now include tactile information, generally known as force feedback, in medical and gaming applications. Users can interact with a virtual environment or a virtual artifact (VA) either through the use of standard input devices such as a keyboard and mouse, or through multimodal devices such as a wired glove, the Polhemus boom arm, and omnidirectional treadmill. The simulated environment can be similar to the real world, for example, simulations for pilot or combat training, or it can differ significantly from reality, as in VR games. In practice, it is currently very difficult to create a high-fidelity virtual reality experience, due largely to technical limitations on processing power, image resolution and communication bandwidth. However, those limitations are expected to eventually be overcome as processor, imaging and data communication technologies become more powerful and cost-effective over time.
Background[]
Terminology[]
The term artificial reality, coined by Myron Krueger, has been in use since the 1970s but the origin of the term virtual reality is uncertain. It has been credited to The Judas Mandala, a 1982 science fiction novel by Damien Broderick, where the context of use is somewhat different from that defined above. The earliest use cited by the Oxford English Dictionary is in a 1987 article entitled "Virtual reality",[1] but the article is not about VR technology. The VR developer Jaron Lanier claims that he coined the term.[2] The concept of virtual reality was popularized in mass media by movies such as Brainstorm and The Lawnmower Man (and others mentioned below), and the VR research boom of the 1990s was motivated in part by the non-fiction book Virtual Reality by Howard Rheingold. The book served to demystify the subject, making it more accessible to less technical researchers and enthusiasts, with an impact similar to what his book The Virtual Community had on virtual community research lines closely related to VR. Multimedia: from Wagner to Virtual Reality, edited by Randall Packer and Ken Jordan and first published in 2001, explores the term and its history from an avant-garde perspective.
Timeline[]
Morton Heilig wrote in the 1950s of an "Experience Theatre" that could encompass all the senses in an effective manner, thus drawing the viewer into the onscreen activity. He built a prototype of his vision dubbed the Sensorama in 1962, along with five short films to be displayed in it while engaging multiple senses (sight, sound, smell, and touch). Predating digital computing, the Sensorama was a mechanical device, which reportedly still functions today. In 1968, Ivan Sutherland, with the help of his student Bob Sproull, created what is widely considered to be the first virtual reality and augmented reality (AR) head mounted display (HMD) system. It was primitive both in terms of user interface and realism, and the HMD to be worn by the user was so heavy it had to be suspended from the ceiling, and the graphics comprising the virtual environment were simple wireframe model rooms. The formidable appearance of the device inspired its name, The Sword of Damocles. Also notable among the earlier hypermedia and virtual reality systems was the Aspen Movie Map, which was created at MIT in 1977. The program was a crude virtual simulation of Aspen, Colorado in which users could wander the streets in one of three modes: summer, winter, and polygons. The first two were based on photographs — the researchers actually photographed every possible movement through the city's street grid in both seasons — and the third was a basic 3-D model of the city. In the late 1980s the term "virtual reality" was popularized by Jaron Lanier, one of the modern pioneers of the field. Lanier had founded the company VPL Research (from "Virtual Programming Languages") in 1985, which developed and built some of the seminal "goggles n' gloves" systems of that decade.
Future[]
It is unclear exactly where the future of virtual reality is heading. In the short run, the graphics displayed in the HMD will soon reach a point of near realism. The audio capabilities will move into a new realm of three dimensional sound. This refers to the addition of sound channels both above and below the individual or a Holophony approach.
Within existing technological limits, sight and sound are the two senses which best lend themselves to high quality simulation. There are however attempts being currently made to simulate smell. The purpose of current research is linked to a project aimed at treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in veterans by exposing them to combat simulations, complete with smells. Although it is often seen in the context of entertainment by popular culture, this illustrates the point that the future of VR is very much tied into therapeutic, training, and engineering demands. Given that fact, a full sensory immersion beyond basic tactile feedback, sight, sound, and smell is unlikely to be a goal in the industry. It is worth mentioning that simulating smells, while it can be done very realistically, requires costly research and development to make each odor, and the machine itself is expensive and specialized, using capsules tailor made for it. Thus far basic, and very strong smells such as burning rubber, cordite, gasoline fumes, and so-forth have been made. Something complex such as a food product or specific flower would be prohibitively expensive (see the perfume industry as an example).
Not content to serve only its customers' eyes and ears, Japan's NTT Communications, of Tokyo, has just finished testing an Internet-connected odor-delivery system to be used by retailers and restaurants to attract customers. Whether NTT has sniffed out a new commercial opportunity or this attempt to engage our olfactory sense will fail the smell test is too early to judge. But as new trials and applications are tried out and more data gathered, Hamada says he is sure the technology “will take communications to a new level in content richness, compared to today’s communications, which only offers images and sounds”.[3]
In order to engage the other sense of taste, the brain must be manipulated directly. This would move virtual reality into the realm of simulated reality like the "head-plugs" used in The Matrix. Although no form of this has been seriously developed at this point, Sony has taken the first step. On April 7, 2005, Sony went public with the information that they had filed for and received a patent for the idea of the non-invasive beaming of different frequencies and patterns of ultrasonic waves directly into the brain to recreate all five senses.[4] There has been research to show that this is possible [How to reference and link to summary or text]. Sony has not conducted any tests as of yet and says that it is still only an idea.
It has long been feared that Virtual Reality will be the last invention of humans, as once simulations become cheaper and more widespread, no one will ever want to leave their "perfect" fantasies. Satirists, however, have nodded towards humans' aversion to catheters and starvation[How to reference and link to summary or text].
Impact[]
There has been increasing interest in the potential social impact of new technologies, such as virtual reality (as may be seen in utopian literature, within the social sciences, and in popular culture). Mychilo S. Cline, in his book, Power, Madness, and Immortality: The Future of Virtual Reality, argues that virtual reality will lead to a number of important changes in human life and activity. He argues that:
- Virtual reality will be integrated into daily life and activity and will be used in various human ways.
- Techniques will be developed to influence human behavior, interpersonal communication, and cognition (i.e., virtual genetics).[5]
- As we spend more and more time in virtual space, there will be a gradual “migration to virtual space,” resulting in important changes in economics, worldview, and culture.
- The design of virtual environments may be used to extend basic human rights into virtual space, to promote human freedom and well-being, and to promote social stability as we move from one stage in socio-political development to the next.
Heritage and Archaeology[]
The use of VR in Heritage and Archaeology has enormous potential in museum and visitor centre applications, but its use has been tempered by the difficulty in presenting a 'quick to learn' real time experience to numerous people any given time. Many historic reconstructions tend to be in a pre-rendered format to a shared video display, thus allowing more than one person to view a computer generated world, but limiting the interaction that full-scale VR can provide. The first use of a VR presentation in a Heritage application was in 1994 when a museum visitor interpretation provided an interactive 'walk-through' of a 3D reconstruction of Dudley Castle in England as it was in 1550. This comprised of a computer controlled laserdisc based system designed by British based engineer Colin Johnson. It is a little known fact that one of the first users of Virtual Reality was Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, when she officially opened the visitor centre in June 1994. Details of the original project can be viewed here:Virtual Tours of Dudley Castle archive. The system featured in a conference held by the British Museum in November 1994 and in the subsequent technical paper.. 'Imaging the Past' - Electronic Imaging and Computer Graphics in Museums and Archaeology - ISBN 0861591143.
Mass media[]
Mass media has been a great advocate and perhaps a great hindrance to its development over the years. During the research “boom” of the late 1980s into the 1990s the news media’s prognostication on the potential of VR — and potential overexposure in publishing the predictions of anyone who had one (whether or not that person had a true perspective on the technology and its limits) — built up the expectations of the technology so high as to be impossible to achieve under the technology then or any technology to date. Entertainment media reinforced these concepts with futuristic imagery many generations beyond contemporary capabilities.
Fine Art[]
David Em was the first fine artist to create navigable virtual worlds in the 1970s. His early work was done on mainframes at III, JPL and Cal Tech. Jeffrey Shaw explored the potential of VR in fine arts with early works like Legible City (1989), Virtual Museum (1991), Golden Calf(1994). Canadian artist Char Davies created immersive VR art pieces Osmose (1995) and Ephémère (1998). Maurice Benayoun's work introduced metaphorical, philosophical or political content, combining VR, network, generation and intelligent agents, in works like Is God Flat (1994), The Tunnel under the Atlantic (1995), World Skin (1997).
Marketing[]
A side effect of the chic image that has been cultivated for virtual reality in the media is that advertising and merchandise have been associated with VR over the years to take advantage of the buzz. This is often seen in product tie-ins with cross-media properties, especially gaming licenses, with varying degrees of success. The Nintendo Entertainment System Power Glove by Mattel from the 1980s was an early example as well as the U-Force and later, the Sega Activator. Marketing ties between VR and video games are not to be unexpected, given that much of the progress in 3D computer graphics and virtual environment development (traditional hallmarks of VR) has been driven by the gaming industry over the last decade. TV commercials featuring VR have also been made for other products, however, such as Nike's "Virtual Andre" in 1997, featuring a teenager playing tennis using a goggle and gloves system against a computer generated Andre Agassi.
Health care education[]
While its use is still not widespread, virtual reality is finding its way into the training of health care professionals. Use ranges from anatomy instruction (example) to surgery simulation (example). Annual conferences are held to examine the latest research in utilizing virtual reality in the medical fields.
Therapeutic uses[]
The primary use of VR in a therapeutic role is its application to various forms of exposure therapy, ranging from phobia treatments, to newer approaches to treating PTSD. A very basic VR simulation with simple sight and sound models has been shown to be invaluable in phobia treatment (notable examples would be various zoophobias, and acrophobia) as a step between basic exposure therapy such as the use of simulacra and true exposure. A much more recent application is being piloted by the U.S. Navy to use a much more complex simulation to immerse veterans (specifically of Iraq) suffering from PTSD in simulations of urban combat settings. While this sounds counterintuitive, talk therapy has limited benefits for people with PTSD, which is now thought by many to be a result of changes either to the limbic system in particular, or a systemic change in stress response. Much as in phobia treatment, exposure to the subject of the trauma or fear seems to lead to desensitization, and a significant reduction in symptoms. Some information on this can be found at this Businessweek article as well as this Office of Naval Research article.
Manufacturing[]
Virtual reality can serve to new product design, helping as an ancillary tool for engineering in manufacturing processes, new product prototype and simulation. Among other examples, we may also quote Electronic Design Automation, CAD, Finite Element Analysis, and Computer Aided Manufacturing. The use of Stereolithography and 3D printing shows how computer graphics modeling can be applied to create physical parts of real objects used in naval,[6] aerospace[7] and automotive[8] industry. Beyond modeling assembly parts, 3D computer graphics techniques are currently used in the research and development of medical devices[9] for innovative therapies,[10] treatments,[11] patient monitoring,[12] and early diagnosis[13] of complex diseases.
Implementation[]
To develop a real time virtual environment, a computer graphics library can be used as embedded resource coupled with a common programming language, such as C++, Perl, Java or Python. Some of the most popular computer graphics library/API/language are OpenGL, Java3D and VRML, and their use will be directly influenced by the system demands in terms of performance, program purpose, and hardware platform. The use of multithreading (e.g. Posix) can also accelerate 3D performance and enable cluster computing with multi-user interactivity.
Challenges[]
Virtual reality has been heavily criticized for being an inefficient method for navigating non-geographical information. At present, the idea of ubiquitous computing is very popular in user interface design, and this may be seen as a reaction against VR and its problems. In reality, these two kinds of interfaces have totally different goals and are complementary. The goal of ubiquitous computing is to bring the computer into the user's world, rather than force the user to go inside the computer. The current trend in VR is actually to merge the two user interfaces to create a fully immersive and integrated experience. See simulated reality for a discussion of what might have to be considered if a flawless virtual reality technology was possible. Another obstacle is the headaches due to eye strain, caused by VR headsets. RSI can also result from repeated use of the handset gloves.
Pioneers and notables[]
|
|
See also[]
|
|
References[]
Notes[]
- ↑ Garb, Yaakov (Winter 1987). Virtual reality. Whole Earth Review (57): 118ff.
- ↑ http://www.jaronlanier.com/general.html
- ↑ Boyd, J. (2008). NTT Becomes a Smell-o-Phone Company. IEEE Spectrum. 45 (1): 8.
- ↑ Times Online
- ↑ http://virtualreality.universityvillagepress.com/index.php?itemid=25&catid=4
- ↑ http://www.rmpyachts.com/case-study
- ↑ http://legacy.ensight.com/news/ncc.html
- ↑ http://www.automation.siemens.com/mc/mc-sol/en/977978ba-1d82-47b3-a560-eb298ce89d42/index.aspx
- ↑ http://www.dynatekdalta.com/silicone_medical_device_testing.htm
- ↑ http://www.cancerjournal.net/article.asp?issn=0973-1482;year=2006;volume=2;issue=4;spage=186;epage=195;aulast=Hede
- ↑ http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/pham/2006/00000023/00000007/00010284;jsessionid=8tqn6da8a03l0.alice
- ↑ http://www.ncd.gov/newsroom/publications/2006/emerging_trends.htm
- ↑ http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/abs/10.2217/17435889.1.1.67
Bibliography[]
- Brooks Jr., F. P. (1999). "What's Real About Virtual Reality?", IEEE Computer Graphics And Applications, 19(6), 16
- Burdea, G. and P. Coffet (2003). Virtual Reality Technology, Second Edition. Wiley-IEEE Press.
- Hillis, Ken (1999). Digital Sensations: Space, Identity and Embodiment in Virtual Reality. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
- Kalawsky, R. S. (1993). The Science of Virtual Reality and Virtual Environments: A Technical, Scientific and Engineering Reference on Virtual Environments, Addison-Wesley, Wokingham, England ; Reading, Mass.
- Kelly, K., A. Heilbrun and B. Stacks (1989). "Virtual Reality; an Interview with Jaron Lanier", Whole Earth Review, Fall 1989, no. 64, pp. 108(12)
- Krueger, M. W. (1991). Artificial Reality II, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts
- Lanier, J., and F. Biocca (1992). "An Insider's View of the Future of Virtual Reality." Journal of Communication, 42(4), 150
- Packer, Randall, and Ken Jordan (eds). 2002. Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality, Expanded Edition. W.W. Norton.
- Packer, Randall, and Ken Jordan (eds). 2000. Virtual Art Museum - Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality
- Rheingold, H. (1992). Virtual Reality, Simon & Schuster, New York, N.Y.
- Robinett, W. (1994). "Interactivity and Individual Viewpoint in Shared Virtual Worlds: The Big Screen vs. Networked Personal Displays." Computer Graphics, 28(2), 127
- Slater, M., Usoh, M.(1993). “The Influence of a Virtual Body on Presence in Immersive Virtual Environments” Virtual Reality International 93, Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Virtual Reality, London, April 1993, pages 34--42. Meckler, 1993
- Stanney, K. M. ed. (2002). Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, New Jersey
- Sutherland, I. E. (1965). "The Ultimate Display". Proceedings of IFIP 65, vol 2, pp. 506-508
- Warwick, K., Gray, J. and Roberts, D. eds. (1993). Virtual Reality in Engineering, Peter Peregrinus.
- Goslin, M, and Morie, J. F., (1996). "Virtopia" Emotional experiences in Virtual Environments", Leonardo, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 95-100.
- Robles-De-La-Torre G. The Importance of the Sense of Touch in Virtual and Real Environments. IEEE Multimedia 13(3), Special issue on Haptic User Interfaces for Multimedia Systems, pp. 24-30 (2006).
- Hayward V, Astley OR, Cruz-Hernandez M, Grant D, Robles-De-La-Torre G. Haptic interfaces and devices. Sensor Review 24(1), pp. 16-29 (2004).
- Monkman. G.J. ‑ An Electrorheological Tactile Display ‑ Presence (Journal of Teleoperators and Virtual Environments) ‑ Vol. 1, issue 2, pp. 219-228, MIT Press, July 1992.
- Monkman. G.J. - 3D Tactile Image Display - Sensor Review - Vol 13, issue 2, pp. 27-31, MCB University Press, April 1993.
- Klein. D, D. Rensink, H. Freimuth, G.J. Monkman, S. Egersdörfer, H. Böse, & M. Baumann - Modelling the Response of a Tactile Array using an Electrorheological Fluids - Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol 37, no. 5, pp794-803, 2004
- Klein. D, H. Freimuth, G.J. Monkman, S. Egersdörfer, A. Meier, H. Böse M. Baumann, H. Ermert & O.T. Bruhns - Electrorheological Tactile Elements. Mechatronics - Vol 15, No 7, pp883-897 - Pergamon, September 2005.
Further references[]
- Agazio, J. B., Pavlides, C. C., Lasome, C. E. M., Flaherty, N. J., & Torrance, R. J. (2002). Evaluation of a virtual reality simulator in sustainment training: Military Medicine Vol 167(11) Nov 2002, 893-897.
- Ainge, D. J. (1998). A virtual reality kit: An innovation for learning about history: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(3) Fal 1998, 245-256.
- Allahyar, M., & Hunt, E. (2003). The Assessment of Spatial Orientation Using Virtual Reality Techniques: International Journal of Testing Vol 3(3) Sep 2003, 263-275.
- Allen, J. A. (1997). The Human Side of Virtual Reality: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 42 (2), Feb, 1997.
- Alsina-Jurnet, I., Carvallo-Beciu, C., & Gutierrez-Maldonado, J. (2007). Validity of virtual reality as a method of exposure in the treatment of test anxiety: Behavior Research Methods Vol 39(4) Nov 2007, 844-851.
- Anderson, P., Rothbaum, B. O., & Hodges, L. F. (2003). Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of social anxiety: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice Vol 10(3) Sum 2003, 240-247.
- Anderson, P. L., Rothbaum, B. O., & Hodges, L. (2000). Virtual reality: Using the virtual world to improve quality of life in the real world: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic Vol 65(1) 2000, 78-91.
- Anderson, P. L., Zimand, E., Hodges, L. F., & Rothbaurn, B. O. (2005). Cognitive behavioral therapy for public-speaking anxiety using virtual reality for exposure: Depression and Anxiety Vol 22(3) 2005, 156-158.
- Andrews, T. (2005). Commentary on Riva, G., Virtual Reality in Psychotherapy: Review: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 8(3) Jun 2005, 231-232.
- Annesi, J. J., & Mazas, J. (1997). Effects of virtual reality-enhanced exercise equipment on adherence and exercise-induced feeling states: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 85(3, Pt 1) Dec 1997, 835-344.
- Ansuini, C., Pierno, A. C., Lusher, D., & Castiello, U. (2006). Virtual reality applications for the remapping of space in neglect patients: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience Vol 24(4-6) 2006, 431-441.
- Antonietti, A., Imperio, E., Rasi, C., & Sacco, M. (2001). Virtual reality and hypermedia in learning to use a turning lathe: Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Vol 17(2) Jun 2001, 142-155.
- Aoki, H., Oman, C. M., & Natapoff, A. (2007). Virtual-reality-based 3D navigation training for emergency egress from spacecraft: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Vol 78(8) Aug 2007, 774-783.
- Apfelbaum, H., Pelah, A., & Peli, E. (2007). Heading assessment by "tunnel vision" patients and control subjects standing or walking in a virtual reality environment: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception Vol 4(1) Jan 2007, 1-16.
- Arbona, C. B., Osma, J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Quero, S., & Banos, R. M. (2004). Treatment of Flying Phobia using Virtual Reality: Data from a 1-Year Follow-up using a Multiple Baseline Design: Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Vol 11(5) Sep-Oct 2004, 311-323.
- Arnold, P., & Farrell, M. J. (2002). Can virtual reality be used to measure and train surgical skills? : Ergonomics Vol 45(5) Apr 2002, 362-379.
- Baas, J. M., Nugent, M., Lissek, S., Pine, D. S., & Grillon, C. (2004). Fear Conditioning in Virtual Reality Contexts: A New Tool for the Study of Anxiety: Biological Psychiatry Vol 55(11) Jun 2004, 1056-1060.
- Babik, M. (1998). Demanding life situations simulated by virtual reality: Psychometric verification of "Subjective Emotional Balance Questionnaire": Studia Psychologica Vol 40(4) 1998, 357-360.
- Baheux, K., Yoshizawa, M., Seki, K., & Handa, Y. (2006). Virtual reality pencil and paper tests for neglect: A protocol: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 192-195.
- Baihua, X., & Ye, Z. (2005). Virtual Reality for Psychotherapy: Psychological Science (China) Vol 28(3) May 2005, 654-655.
- Baker, E. K., Kurtz, M. M., & Astur, R. S. (2006). Virtual reality assessment of medication compliance in patients with schizophrenia: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 224-229.
- Bangay, S., & Preston, L. (1998). An investigation into factors influencing immersion in interactive virtual reality environments. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Banos, R. M., Botella, C., & Perpina, C. (1999). Virtual reality and psychopathology: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(4) Aug 1999, 283-292.
- Baram, Y., & Miller, A. (2006). Virtual reality cues for improvement of gait in patients with multiple sclerosis: Neurology Vol 66(2) Jan 2006, 178-181.
- Barnett, M., Yamagata-Lynch, L., Keating, T., Barab, S. A., & Hay, K. E. (2005). Using Virtual Reality Computer Models to Support Student Understanding of Astronomical Concepts: Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching Vol 24(4) 2005, 333-356.
- Barnett-Cowan, M., & Peters, M. (2004). Does handedness influence the strength of phantom limb illusions in the virtual reality box? : Brain and Cognition Vol 55(2) Jun 2004, 275-276.
- Baumann, S., Neff, C., Fetzick, S., Stangl, G., Basler, L., Vereneck, R., et al. (2003). A Virtual Reality System for Neurobehavioral and Functional MRI Studies: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(3) Jun 2003, 259-266.
- Baumgartner, T., Valko, L., Esslen, M., & Jancke, L. (2006). Neural Correlate of Spatial Presence in an Arousing and Noninteractive Virtual Reality: An EEG and Psychophysiology Study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(1) Feb 2006, 30-45.
- Beardon, L., Parsons, S., & Neale, H. (2001). An interdisciplinary approach to investigating the use of virtual reality environments for people with Asperger syndrome: Educational and Child Psychology Vol 18(2) 2001, 53-62.
- Beck, J. G., Palyo, S. A., Winer, E. H., Schwagler, B. E., & Ang, E. J. (2007). Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD symptoms after a road accident: An uncontrolled case series: Behavior Therapy Vol 38(1) Mar 2007, 39-48.
- Becker, D., & North, M. M. (1998). The virtual reality therapy system: VRT-2002: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(4) 1998, 401-403.
- Beroggi, G. E. G., Waisel, L., & Wallace, W. A. (1995). Employing virtual reality to support decision making in emergency management: Safety Science Vol 20(1) Jul 1995, 79-88.
- Beutler, L. E., & Harwood, T. M. (2004). Virtual reality in psychotherapy training: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 60(3) Mar 2004, 317-330.
- Bhatt, G. (2004). Bringing virtual reality for commercial Web sites: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Vol 60(1) Jan 2004, 1-15.
- Bischof, W. R., & Boulanger, P. (2003). Spatial navigation in virtual reality environments: An EEG analysis: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(5) Oct 2003, 487-495.
- Bisson, E., Contant, B., Sveistrup, H., & Lajoie, Y. (2007). Functional balance and dual-task reaction times in older adults are improved by virtual reality and biofeedback training: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 10(1) Feb 2007, 16-23.
- Bordnick, P. S., Graap, K. M., Copp, H., Brooks, J., Ferrer, M., & Logue, B. (2004). Utilizing virtual reality to standardize nicotine craving research: A pilot study: Addictive Behaviors Vol 29(9) Dec 2004, 1889-1894.
- Bordnick, P. S., Graap, K. M., Copp, H. L., Brooks, J., & Ferrer, M. (2005). Virtual reality cue reactivity assessment in cigarette smokers: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 8(5) Oct 2005, 487-492.
- Bordnick, P. S., Traylor, A. C., Graap, K. M., Copp, H. L., & Brooks, J. (2005). Virtual Reality Cue Reactivity Assessment: A Case Study in a Teen Smoker: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Vol 30(3) Sep 2005, 187-193.
- Botella, C., Banos, R., Perpina, C., Quero, S., Villa, H., Gracia-Palacios, A., et al. (2002). Virtual reality for the treatment of claustrophobia: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 28(117) 2002, 109-127.
- Botella, C., Banos, R. M., Perpina, C., & Ballester, R. (1998). Virtual reality and psychological treatments: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 24(93) 1998, 5-26.
- Botella, C., Banos, R. M., Perpina, C., Villa, H., Alcaniz, M., & Rey, A. (1998). Virtual reality treatment of claustrophobia: A case report: Behaviour Research and Therapy Vol 36(2) Feb 1998, 239-246.
- Botella, C., Banos, R. M., Villa, H., Perpina, C., & Garcia-Palacios, A. (2000). Virtual reality in the treatment of claustrophobic fear: A controlled, multiple-baseline design: Behavior Therapy Vol 31(3) Sum 2000, 583-595.
- Botella, C., Garcia-Palacios, A., Quero, S., Banos, R. M., & Breton-Lopez, J. M. (2006). Virtual Reality and psychological treatments: A review: Psicologia Conductual Revista Internacional de Psicologia Clinica de las Salud Vol 14(3) 2006, 491-509.
- Botella, C., Garcia-Palacios, A., Villa, H., Banos, R. M., Quero, S., Alcaniz, M., et al. (2007). Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia: A controlled study: Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Vol 14(3) May-Jun 2007, 164-175.
- Botella, C., Perpina, C., Banos, R. M., & Garcia-Palacios, A. (1998). Virtual reality: A new clinical setting lab. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Botella, C., Villa, H., Banos, R., Perpina, C., & Garcia-Palacios, A. (1999). The treatment of claustrophobia with virtual reality: Changes in other phobic behaviors not specifically treated: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(2) Apr 1999, 135-141.
- Bouchard, S., St-Jacques, J., Robillard, G., Cote, S., & Renaud, P. (2003). Efficacy of a virtual reality exposure treatment for acrophobia: A preliminary study: Journal de Therapie Comportementale et Cognitive Vol 13(3) Sep 2003, 107-112.
- Broeren, J., Samuelsson, H., Stibrant-Sunnerhagen, K., Blomstrand, C., & Rydmark, M. (2007). Neglect assessment as an application of virtual reality: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Vol 116(3) Sep 2007, 157-163.
- Brooks, B. M., & Rose, F. D. (2003). The use of virtual reality in memory rehabilitation: Current findings and future directions: NeuroRehabilitation Vol 18(2) 2003, 147-157.
- Brooks, B. M., Rose, F. D., Potter, J., Jayawardena, S., & Morling, A. (2004). Assessing stroke patients' prospective memory using virtual reality: Brain Injury Vol 18(4) Apr 2004, 391-401.
- Brundage, S. B. (2007). Virtual reality augmentation for functional assessment and treatment of stuttering: Topics in Language Disorders Vol 27(3) Jul-Sep 2007, 254-271.
- Brundage, S. B., Graap, K., Gibbons, K. F., Ferrer, M., & Brooks, J. (2006). Frequency of stuttering during challenging and supportive virtual reality job interviews: Journal of Fluency Disorders Vol 31(4) 2006, 325-339.
- Bryanton, C., Bosse, J., Brien, M., McLean, J., McCormick, A., & Sveistrup, H. (2006). Feasibility, motivation, and selective motor control: Virtual reality compared to conventional home exercise in children with cerebral palsy: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 123-128.
- Bullinger, A. H., Roessler, A., & Mueller-Spahn, F. (1998). From toy to tool: The development of immersive virtual reality environments for psychotherapy of specific phobias. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Bullinger, A. H., Roessler, A., & Mueller-Spahn, F. (1998). Three-dimensional virtual reality as a tool in cognitive-behavioral therapy of claustrophobic patients: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(2) Sum 1998, 139-145.
- Burdea, G., Richard, P., & Coiffet, P. (1996). Multimodal virtual reality: Input-output devices, system integration, and human factors: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction Vol 8(1) Jan-Mar 1996, 5-24.
- Burkhardt, J. M. (2003). Some relationships between virtual reality and ergonomics: Le Travail Humain Vol 66(1) Jan-Mar 2003, 65-91.
- Byrne, C. M. (1996). Water on tap: The use of virtual reality as an educational tool. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Cai, Y., & Brown, J. (2006). Guest editorial: Virtual reality simulation: Simulation & Gaming Vol 37(4) Dec 2006, 421-422.
- Cai, Y., Fan, Z., Wan, H., Gao, S., Lu, B., & Lim, K. T. (2006). Hardware-accelerated collision detection for 3D virtual reality gaming: Simulation & Gaming Vol 37(4) Dec 2006, 476-490.
- Calhoun, V. D., Carvalho, K., Astur, R., & Pearlson, G. D. (2005). Using Virtual Reality to Study Alcohol Intoxication Effects on the Neural Correlates of Simulated Driving: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Vol 30(3) Sep 2005, 285-306.
- Cardenas, G., Munoz, S., Gonzalez, M., & Uribarren, G. (2006). Virtual reality applications to agoraphobia: A protocol: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 248-250.
- Carlin, A. S., Hoffman, H. G., & Weghorst, S. (1997). Virtual reality and tactile augmentation in the treatment of spider phobia: A case report: Behaviour Research and Therapy Vol 35(2) Feb 1997, 153-158.
- Carvalho, K. N., Pearlson, G. D., Astur, R. S., & Calhoun, V. D. (2006). Simulated driving and brain imaging: Combining behavior, brain activity, and virtual reality: CNS Spectrums Vol 11(1) Jan 2006, 52-62.
- Castelnuovo, G., Priore, C. L., Liccione, D., & Cioffi, G. (2003). Virtual Reality based tools for the rehabilitation of cognitive and executive functions: The V-STORE: PsychNology Journal Vol 1(3) 2003, 310-325.
- Castiello, U., Lusher, D., Burton, C., Glover, S., & Disler, P. (2004). Improving left hemispatial neglect using virtual reality: Neurology Vol 62(11) Jun 2004, 1958-1962.
- Chen, C. J., Toh, S. C., & Fauzy, W. M. (2004). The Theoretical Framework for Designing Desktop Virtual Reality-Based Learning Environments: Journal of Interactive Learning Research Vol 15(2) 2004, 147-176.
- Cho, B.-H., Kim, S., Shin, D. I., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. M., Kim, I. Y., et al. (2004). Neurofeedback Training with Virtual Reality for Inattention and Impulsiveness: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 7(5) Oct 2004, 519-526.
- Cho, B.-H., Ku, J., Pyojang, D., Kim, S., Lee, Y. H., Kim, I. Y., et al. (2002). The effect of virtual reality cognitive training for attention enhancement: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(2) Apr 2002, 129-137.
- Choi, Y. H., Jang, D. P., Ku, J. H., Shin, M. B., & Kim, S. I. (2001). Short-term treatment of acrophobia with virtual reality therapy (VRT): A case report: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(3) Jun 2001, 349-354.
- Cioffi, G. (1997). Perception and cognition in virtual reality: Ricerche di Psicologia Vol 21(2) 1997, 69-97.
- Clancy, T. A., Rucklidge, J. J., & Owen, D. (2006). Road-Crossing Safety in Virtual Reality: A Comparison of Adolescents With and Without ADHD: Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology Vol 35(2) Jun 2006, 203-215.
- Cobb, S., & Fraser, D. S. (2005). Multimedia Learning in Virtual Reality. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Coelho, C. M., Santos, J. A., Silverio, J., & Silva, C. F. (2006). Virtual Reality and Acrophobia: One-Year Follow-Up and Case Study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(3) Jun 2006, 336-341.
- Combris, M. (2006). Using virtual reality in standard cognitive and behavioral therapy of a plane phobia: Revue Francophone de Clinique Comportementale et Cognitive Vol 11(1) Mar 2006, 11-18.
- Connolly, P. E. (2005). Virtual reality & immersive technology in education: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education Vol 1(1) 2005, 12-18.
- Cooper, R. A., Ding, D., Simpson, R., Fitzgerald, S. G., Spaeth, D. M., Guo, S., et al. (2005). Virtual reality and computer-enhanced training applied to wheeled mobility: An overview of work in Pittsburgh: Assistive Technology Vol 17(2) Win 2005, 159-170.
- Cooper, S. (1997). Plenitude and alienation: The subject of virtual reality. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Cornwell, B. R., Johnson, L., Berardi, L., & Grillon, C. (2006). Anticipation of Public Speaking in Virtual Reality Reveals a Relationship Between Trait Social Anxiety and Startle Reactivity: Biological Psychiatry Vol 59(7) Apr 2006, 664-666.
- Costa, R. M. E. M., De Carvalho, L. A. V., Drummond, R., Wauke, A. P. T., & De Sa Guimaraes, M. (2002). The UFRJ-UERJ group: Interdisciplinary virtual reality experiments in neuropsychiatry: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(5) Oct 2002, 423-431.
- Cote, S., & Bouchard, S. (2005). Documenting the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure with Psychophysiological and Information Processing Measures: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Vol 30(3) Sep 2005, 217-232.
- Crookall, D. (2006). Virtual reality simulation: This symposium: Simulation & Gaming Vol 37(4) Dec 2006, 417-419.
- Crosbie, J. H., Lennon, S., Basford, J. R., & McDonough, S. M. (2007). Response to reviewers commentary on "Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: Still more virtual than real": Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 29(14) Jul 2007, 1151-1152.
- Crosbie, J. H., Lennon, S., Basford, J. R., & McDonough, S. M. (2007). Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: Still more virtual than real: Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 29(14) Jul 2007, 1139-1146.
- Crosbie, J. H., Lennon, S., McNeill, M. D. J., & McDonough, S. M. (2006). Virtual reality in the rehabilitation of the upper limb after stroke: The user's perspective: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 137-141.
- Cunningham, D., & Krishack, M. (1999). Virtual reality promotes visual and cognitive function in rehabilitation: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(1) Feb 1999, 19-23.
- Curtis, P. (1996). Communication via MUD: Social phenomena of virtual reality based on text: Sistemi Intelligenti Vol 8(2) Aug 1996, 229-253.
- Cutting, J. E. (1997). How the eye measures reality and virtual reality: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers Vol 29(1) Feb 1997, 27-36.
- Davidson, A. L., & Schofield, J. W. (2002). Female voices in virtual reality: Drawing young girls into an online world. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Davidson, J., & Smith, M. (2003). Bio-phobias/techno-philias: Virtual reality exposure as treatment for phobias of 'nature': Sociology of Health & Illness Vol 25(6) Sep 2003, 644-661.
- Davies, R. (2005). Commentary on Standen, P. J., & Brown, D. J., Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of People with Intellectual Disabilities: Review: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 8(3) Jun 2005, 283-284.
- De Leo, G., Ponder, M., Molet, T., Fato, M., Thalmann, D., Magnenat-Thalmann, N., et al. (2003). A Virtual Reality System for the Training of Volunteers Involved in Health Emergency Situations: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(3) Jun 2003, 267-274.
- de Rugy, A., Montagne, G., Buekers, M. J., & Laurent, M. (2000). The study of locomotor pointing in virtual reality: The validity of a test set-up: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers Vol 32(4) Nov 2000, 515-520.
- Decety, J., & Jeannerod, M. (1995). Mentally simulated movements in virtual reality: Does Fitts's law hold in motor imagery? : Behavioural Brain Research Vol 72(1-2) Dec 1995, 127-134.
- Deutsch, J. E., Merians, A. S., Adamovich, S., Poizner, H., & Burdea, G. C. (2004). Development and application of virtual reality technology to improve hand use and gait of individuals post-stroke: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience Vol 22(3-5) 2004, 371-386.
- Difede, J., Cukor, J., Patt, I., Giosan, C., & Hoffman, H. (2006). The Application of Virtual Reality to the Treatment of PTSD Following the WTC Attack. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
- Difede, J., Hoffman, H., & Jaysinghe, N. (2002). Innovative use of virtual reality technology in the treatment of PTSD in the aftermath of September 11: Psychiatric Services Vol 53(9) Sep 2002, 1083-1085.
- Difede, J., & Hoffman, H. G. (2002). Virtual reality exposure therapy for World Trade Center post-traumatic stress disorder: A case report: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(6) Dec 2002, 529-535.
- Distler, H. K., Gegenfurtner, K. R., van Veen, H. A. H. C., & Hawken, M. J. (2000). Velocity constancy in a virtual reality environment: Perception Vol 29(12) 2000, 1423-1435.
- Dixon, M. W., & Proffitt, D. R. (2002). Overestimation of heights in virtual reality is influenced more by perceived distal size than by the 2-D versus 3-D dimensionality of the display: Perception Vol 31(1) 2002, 103-112.
- Douglas, R. M., Alam, N. M., Silver, B. D., McGill, T. J., Tschetter, W. W., & Prusky, G. T. (2005). Independent visual threshold measurements in the two eyes of freely moving rats and mice using a virtual-reality optokinetic system: Visual Neuroscience Vol 22(5) Sep-Oct 2005, 677-684.
- Doyle, S., Dodge, M., & Smith, A. (1998). The potential of web-based mapping and virtual reality technologies for modelling urban environments: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems Vol 22(2) Mar 1998, 137-155.
- Dryer, J. A., & Lijtmaer, R. M. (2007). Cyber-sex as twilight zone between virtual reality and virtual fantasy: Creative play space or destructive addiction? : Psychoanalytic Review Vol 94(1) Feb 2007, 39-61.
- Duan, X., Wang, Q., Yambe, T., Nitta, S.-i., & Kawashima, R. (2003). Nonlinear Mathematical Analysis of the Heart Rate Variability during Virtual Reality Immersion with Healing Video Contents: Journal of International Society of Life Information Science Vol 21(2) Sep 2003, 455-463.
- Dunstan, A. A. (2004). Gender differences in simulator sickness when using a 17-inch computer monitor to display virtual reality. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Durlach, N. (2000). Virtual reality: Kazdin, Alan E (Ed).
- Dvorkin, A. Y., Shahar, M., & Weiss, P. L. (2006). Reaching within video-capture virtual reality: Using virtual reality as a motor control paradigm: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 133-136.
- Elkind, J. S. (1998). Use of virtual reality to diagnose and habilitate people with neurological dysfunctions: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(3) Fal 1998, 263-273.
- Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Bruynzeel, M., Drost, L., & Van Der Mast, C. A. P. G. (2001). Virtual reality treatment in acrophobia: A comparison with exposure in vivo: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(3) Jun 2001, 335-339.
- Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Krijn, M., Hulsbosch, A. M., de Vries, S., Schuemie, M. J., & van der Mast, C. A. P. G. (2002). Virtual reality treatment versus exposure in vivo: A comparative evaluation in acrophobia: Behaviour Research and Therapy Vol 40(5) May 2002, 509-516.
- Evelyne, T., & Andree, S. N. (2002). Children's comprehension of the discontinuity of actual and virtual reality in pictures: Enfance Vol 54(2) Apr-Jun 2002, 117-139.
- Figueroa, P., Bischof, W. F., Boulanger, P., & Hoover, H. J. (2005). Efficient comparison of platform alternatives in interactive virtual reality applications: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Vol 62(1) Jan 2005, 73-103.
- Flanagan, M. B. (2007). Sex and virtual reality: Posture and motion sickness. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Flynn, D., van Schaik, P., Blackman, T., Femcott, C., Hobbs, B., & Calderon, C. (2003). Developing a virtual reality-based methodology for people with dementia: A feasibility study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(6) Dec 2003, 591-611.
- Foreman, N., & Stirk, J. (2005). Commentary on Rose, F. D., Brooks, B. M., & Rizzo, A. A., Virtual Reality in Brain Damage Rehabilitation: Review: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 8(3) Jun 2005, 263-264.
- Freeman, D., Garety, P. A., Bebbington, P., Slater, M., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., et al. (2005). The Psychology of Persecutory Ideation II: A Virtual Reality Experimental Study: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Vol 193(5) May 2005, 309-315.
- Freeman, D., Slater, M., Bebbington, P. E., Garety, P. A., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., et al. (2003). Can Virtual Reality be Used to Investigate Persecutory Ideation? : Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Vol 191(8) Aug 2003, 509-514.
- Freeman, K., Thompson, S., Allely, E., Sobel, A., & Stansfield, S. (2000). A virtual reality training system for the triage and stabilization of head trauma and multiple injury patients: US Naval Health Research Center Report Rpt No 00-18 Apr 2000, 24p.
- Friedman, L. (2005). Flirting with Virtual Reality: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Vol 74(3) Jul 2005, 639-660.
- Frigione, F. (1996). Helios and the Obscure: A look at the "virtual reality" of the psyche: Giornale Storico di Psicologia Dinamica Vol 20(40) Jun 1996, 101-106.
- Fung, J., Richards, C. L., Malouin, F., McFadyen, B. J., & Lamontagne, A. (2006). A treadmill and motion coupled virtual reality system for gait training post-stroke: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 157-162.
- Gaggioli, A. (2001). Using virtual reality in experimental psychology. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Gaggioli, A., & Breining, R. (2001). Perception and cognition in immersive virtual reality. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Gamberini, L. (2000). Virtual reality as a new research tool for the study of human memory: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 337-342.
- Garcia, L. J., Rebolledo, M., Metthe, L., & Lefebvre, R. (2007). The potential of virtual reality to assess functional communication in aphasia: Topics in Language Disorders Vol 27(3) Jul-Sep 2007, 272-288.
- Garcia-Palacios, A., Botella, C., Hoffman, H., & Fabregat, S. (2007). Comparing acceptance and refusal rates of virtual reality exposure vs. in vivo exposure by patients with specific phobias: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 10(5) Oct 2007, 722-724.
- Garcia-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H., Carlin, A., Furness, T. A., III, & Botella, C. (2002). Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: A controlled study: Behaviour Research and Therapy Vol 40(9) Sep 2002, 983-993.
- Garcia-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H. G., See, S. K., Tsai, A., & Botella, C. (2001). Redefining therapeutic success with virtual reality exposure therapy: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(3) Jun 2001, 341-348.
- Gershon, J., Anderson, P., Graap, K., Zimand, E., Hodges, L., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2002). Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice Vol 1(1) Spr-Sum 2002, 76-81.
- Gershon, J., Zimand, E., Lemos, R., Rothbaum, B. O., & Hodges, L. (2003). Use of virtual reality as a distractor for painful procedures in a patient with pediatric cancer: A case study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(6) Dec 2003, 657-661.
- Gershon, J., Zimand, E., Pickering, M., Rothbaum, B. O., & Hodges, L. (2004). A Pilot and Feasibility Study of Virtual Reality as a Distraction for Children With Cancer: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol 43(10) Oct 2004, 1243-1249.
- Gershon, J. R. (2003). Virtual reality as a distractor during an invasive medical procedure for pediatric cancer patients. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Glantz, K., Durlach, N. I., Barnett, R. C., & Aviles, W. A. (1996). Virtual reality (VR) for psychotherapy: From the physical to the social environment: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 33(3) Fal 1996, 464-473.
- Glanz, K., Rizzo, A., & Graap, K. (2003). Virtual reality for psychotherapy: Current reality and future possibilities: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training Vol 40(1-2) Spr-Sum 2003, 55-67.
- Glickson, J., & Avnon, M. (1997). Explorations in virtual reality: Absorption, cognition and altered state of consciousness: Imagination, Cognition and Personality Vol 17(2) 1997, 141-151.
- Glover, S., & Castiello, U. (2006). Recovering Space in Unilateral Neglect: A Neurological Dissociation Revealed by Virtual Reality: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol 18(5) May 2006, 833-843.
- Gold, J. I., Belmont, K. A., & Thomas, D. A. (2007). The neurobiology of virtual reality pain attenuation: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 10(4) Aug 2007, 536-544.
- Gold, J. I., Kim, S. H., Kant, A. J., Joseph, M. H., & Rizzo, A. (2006). Effectiveness of virtual reality for pediatric pain distraction during IV placement: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 207-212.
- Gold, S. D., & Marx, B. P. (2006). Analogue and virtual reality assessment. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
- Gorman, J. M. (2006). Virtual reality: A real treatment option: CNS Spectrums Vol 11(1) Jan 2006, 12-13.
- Gould, N. F., Holmes, M. K., Fantie, B. D., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Pine, D. S., Gould, T. D., et al. (2007). Performance on a virtual reality spatial memory navigation task in depressed patients: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 164(3) Mar 2007, 516-519.
- Grasso, R., Ivanenko, Y. P., McIntyre, J., Viaud-Delmon, I., & Berthoz, A. (2000). Spatial, not temporal cues drive predictive orienting movements during navigation: A virtual reality study: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 11(4) Mar 2000, 775-778.
- Greenfield, J. A. (2004). A perceptual study of the effects of localized sound in increasing the human participation in video conferencing and virtual reality environments. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Grillon, C., Baas, J. M. P., Cornwell, B., & Johnson, L. (2006). Context Conditioning and Behavioral Avoidance in a Virtual Reality Environment: Effect of Predictability: Biological Psychiatry Vol 60(7) Oct 2006, 752-759.
- Haibach, P. S. (2006). Optical flow and postural control in young and elderly adults using virtual reality. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Halcomb, C. G., & Schlickau, C. (1997). Virtually Everything About Virtual Reality: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 42 (5), May, 1997.
- Hamblin, C. J. (2006). Transfer of training from virtual reality environments. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Hardwick, A., Furner, S., & Rush, J. (1998). Tactile display of virtual reality from the World Wide Web--A potential access method for blind people: Displays Vol 18(3) May 1998, 153-161.
- Harris, K., & Reid, D. (2005). The influence of virtual reality play on children's motivation: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy Vol 72(1) Feb 2005, 21-29.
- Harris, S. R., Kemmerling, R. L., & North, M. M. (2002). Brief virtual reality therapy for public speaking anxiety: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(6) Dec 2002, 543-550.
- Harrison, A., Derwent, G., Enticknap, A., Rose, F. D., & Attree, E. A. (2002). The role of virtual reality technology in the assessment and training of inexperienced powered wheelchair users: Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 24(11-12) Jul 2002, 599-606.
- Hayashibe, K. (2002). Apparent distance in actual, three-dimensional video-recorded, and virtual reality: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 95(2) Oct 2002, 573-582.
- Hays, R. T., & Vincenzi, D. A. (2000). Fleet assessments of a virtual reality training system: Military Psychology Vol 12(3) 2000, 161-186.
- Heineken, E., & Schulte, F. P. (2007). Seeing Size and Feeling Weight: The Size-Weight Illusion in Natural and Virtual Reality: Human Factors Vol 49(1) Feb 2007, 136-144.
- Hemmeter, U., Stormer, R., Mager, R., Kuntze, M., Mueller-Spahn, F., Hennig, J., et al. (2005). Modification of Virtual Reality Combined with a Mental Task Stimulates Cortisol in Volunteers: Neuropsychobiology Vol 51(3) May 2005, 165-172.
- Henderson, A., Korner-Bitensky, N., & Levin, M. (2007). Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review of its effectiveness for upper limb motor recovery: Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Vol 14(2) Mar-Apr 2007, 52-61.
- Her, M.-G., Hsu, K.-S., Lan, T.-S., & Karkoub, M. (2002). Haptic Direct-Drive Robot Control Scheme in Virtual Reality: Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems Vol 35(3) Nov 2002, 247-264.
- Hetsel, G. A. (1998). Virtual reality for scientific visualization: An exploratory analysis of presentation methods. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Hilty, D. M., Alverson, D. C., Alpert, J. E., Tong, L., Sagduyu, K., Boland, R. J., et al. (2006). Virtual Reality, Telemedicine, Web and Data. Processing Innovations in Medical and Psychiatric Education and Clinical Care: Academic Psychiatry Vol 30(6) Nov-Dec 2006, 528-533.
- Hindmarsh, J., Heath, C., & Fraser, M. (2006). (Im)materiality, virtual reality and interaction: Grounding the 'virtual' in studies of technology in action: Sociological Review Vol 54(4) Nov 2006, 795-817.
- Hoffman, H. (1998). Virtual reality: A new tool for interdisciplinary psychology research: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(2) Sum 1998, 195-200.
- Hoffman, H. G., Garcia-Palacios, A., Kapa, V., Beecher, J., & Sharar, S. R. (2003). Immersive virtual reality for reducing experimental ischemic pain: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction Vol 15(3) 2003, 469-486.
- Hoffman, H. G., Garcia-Palacios, A., Patterson, D. R., Jensen, M., Furness, T., III, & Ammons, W. F., Jr. (2001). The effectiveness of virtual reality for dental pain control: A case study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(4) Aug 2001, 527-535.
- Hoffman, H. G., Garcia-Palacios, A., Thomas, A. K., & Schmidt, A. (2001). Virtual reality monitoring: Phenomenal characteristics of real, virtual, and false memories: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(5) Oct 2001, 565-572.
- Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R., Carrougher, G. J., Nakamura, D., Moore, M., Garcia-Palacios, A., et al. (2001). The effectiveness of virtual reality pain control with multiple treatments of longer durations: A case study: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction Vol 13(1) Mar 2001, 1-12.
- Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R., Carrougher, G. J., & Sharar, S. R. (2001). Effectiveness of virtual reality-based pain control with multiple treatments: Clinical Journal of Pain Vol 17(3) Sep 2001, 229-235.
- Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R., Magula, J., Carrougher, G. J., Zeltzer, K., Dagadakis, S., et al. (2004). Water-Friendly Virtual Reality Pain Control During Wound Care: Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 60(2) Feb 2004, 189-195.
- Hoffman, H. G., Richards, T., Coda, B., Richards, A., & Sharar, S. R. (2003). The illusion of presence in immersive virtual reality during an fMRI brain scan: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(2) Apr 2003, 127-131.
- Hoffman, H. G., Richards, T. L., Bills, A. R., Van Oostrom, T., Magula, J., Seibel, E. J., et al. (2006). Using fMRI to study the neural correlates of virtual reality analgesia: CNS Spectrums Vol 11(1) Jan 2006, 45-51.
- Hoffman, H. G., Richards, T. L., Coda, B., Bills, A. R., Blough, D., Richards, A. L., et al. (2004). Modulation of thermal pain-related brain activity with virtual reality: Evidence from fMRI: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 15(8) Jun 2004, 1245-1248.
- Hoffman, H. G., Richards, T. L., Magula, J., Seibel, E. J., Hayes, C., Mathis, M., et al. (2003). A magnet-friendly virtual reality fiberoptic image delivery system: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(6) Dec 2003, 645-648.
- Hoffman, H. G., Seibel, E. J., Richards, T. L., Furness, T. A., III, Patterson, D. R., & Sharar, S. R. (2006). Virtual Reality Helmet Display Quality Influences the Magnitude of Virtual Reality Analgesia: The Journal of Pain Vol 7(11) Nov 2006, 843-850.
- Hoffman, H. G., Sharar, S. R., Coda, B., Everett, J. J., Ciol, M., Richards, T., et al. (2004). Manipulating presence influences the magnitude of virtual reality analgesia: Pain Vol 111(1-2) Sep 2004, 162-168.
- Hoffmann, H., Stefani, O., & Patel, H. (2006). Extending the desktop workplace by a portable virtual reality system: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Vol 64(3) Mar 2006, 170-181.
- Holmes, M. K., Gallagher, P., Robinson, L. J., Gray, J. M., Olivier, P., Heslop, P., et al. (2006). Applications of Virtual Reality Technology in the Measurement of Spatial Memory in Patients with Mood Disorders: CNS Spectrums Vol 11(6) Jun 2006, 417-418.
- Howes, A., Miles, G. E., Payne, S. J., Mitchell, C. D., & Davies, A. J. (2001). Incidental memory and navigation in panoramic virtual reality for electronic commerce: Human Factors Vol 43(2) Sum 2001, 239-254.
- Huang, M. P., & Alessi, N. E. (1998). Current limitations into the application of virtual reality to mental health research. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- James, K. H., Humphrey, G. K., Vilis, T., Corrie, B., Baddour, R., & Goodale, M. A. (2002). "Active" and "passive" learning of three-dimensional object structure within an immersive virtual reality environment: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers Vol 34(3) Aug 2002, 383-390.
- Jang, D. P., Ku, J. H., Shin, M. B., Choi, Y. H., & Kim, S. I. (2000). Objective validation of the effectiveness of virtual reality psychotherapy: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 369-374.
- Jiangyu, L., & Kan, Z. (2006). The Relations between the Depth and Breadth of E-commerce-site Hierarchy in Virtual Reality Representatives: Psychological Science (China) Vol 29(2) Mar 2006, 263-266.
- Jung, K.-E., Lee, H.-J., Lee, Y.-S., Cheong, S.-S., Choi, M.-Y., Suh, D.-S., et al. (2006). The Application of a Sensory Integration Treatment Based on Virtual Reality-Tangible Interaction for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: PsychNology Journal Vol 4(2) 2006, 145-159.
- Kahan, M., Tanzer, J., Darvin, D., & Borer, F. (2000). Virtual reality-assisted cognitive-behavioral treatment for fear of flying: Acute treatment and follow-up: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 387-392.
- Karaseitanidis, l., Amditis, A., Patel, H., Sharples, S., Bekiaris, E., Bullinger, A., et al. (2006). Evaluation of virtual reality products and applications from individual, organizational and societal perspectives--The "VIEW" case study: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Vol 64(3) Mar 2006, 251-266.
- Kennedy, R. S., & Stanney, K. M. (1996). Postural instability induced by virtual reality exposure: Development of a certification protocol: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction Vol 8(1) Jan-Mar 1996, 25-47.
- Kesztyues, T. I., Mehlitz, M., Schilken, E., Weniger, G., Wolf, S., Piccolo, U., et al. (2000). Preclinical evaluation of a virtual reality neuropsychological test system: Occurrence of side effects: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 343-349.
- Kim, K., Kim, J., Ku, J., Kim, D. Y., Chang, W. H., Shin, D. I., et al. (2004). A Virtual Reality Assessment and Training System for Unilateral Neglect: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 7(6) Dec 2004, 742-749.
- Kim, K., Kim, J.-J., Kim, J., Park, D.-E., Jang, H. J., Ku, J., et al. (2007). Characteristics of social perception assessed in schizophrenia using virtual reality: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 10(2) Apr 2007, 215-219.
- Kim, P. (2006). Effects of 3D virtual reality of plate tectonics on fifth grade students' achievement and attitude toward science: Interactive Learning Environments Vol 14(1) Apr 2006, 25-34.
- Klein, R. A. (1998). Virtual reality exposure therapy (fear of flying): From a private practice perspective: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(3) Fal 1998, 311-316.
- Klein, R. A. (1999). Treating fear of flying with virtual reality exposure therapy. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange.
- Klein, R. A. (2000). Virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of fear of flying: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy Vol 30(2) Sum 2000, 195-207.
- Klinger, E., Bouchard, S., Legeron, P., Roy, S., Lauer, F., Chemin, I., et al. (2005). Virtual Reality Therapy Versus Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Social Phobia: A Preliminary Controlled Study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 8(1) Feb 2005, 76-88.
- Knott, B. A. (2000). Learning route and survey representations from a virtual reality environment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Kornbrot, D., Penn, P., Petrie, H., Furner, S., & Hardwick, A. (2007). Roughness perception in haptic virtual reality for sighted and blind people: Perception & Psychophysics Vol 69(4) May 2007, 502-512.
- Kraft, T., & Kraft, D. (2004). Creating a virtual reality in hypnosis: A case of driving phobia: Contemporary Hypnosis Vol 21(2) 2004, 79-85.
- Krijn, M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Biemond, R., de Wilde de Ligny, C., Schuemie, M. J., & van der Mast, C. A. P. G. (2004). Treatment of acrophobia in virtual reality: The role of immersion and presence: Behaviour Research and Therapy Vol 42(2) Feb 2004, 229-239.
- Krijn, M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Olafsson, R. P., & Biemond, R. (2004). Virtual reality exposure therapy of anxiety disorders: A review: Clinical Psychology Review Vol 24(3) Jul 2004, 259-281.
- Krijn, M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Olafsson, R. P., Bouwman, M., van Gerwen, L. J., Spinhoven, P., et al. (2007). Fear of Flying Treatment Methods: Virtual Reality Exposure vs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Vol 78(2) Feb 2007, 121-128.
- Ku, J., Mraz, R., Baker, N., Zakzanis, K. K., Lee, J. H., Kim, I. Y., et al. (2003). A data glove with tactile feedback for fMRI of virtual reality experiments: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(5) Oct 2003, 497-508.
- Kurtz, M. M., Baker, E., Pearlson, G. D., & Astur, R. S. (2007). A virtual reality apartment as a measure of medication management skills in patients with schizophrenia: A pilot study: Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol 33(5) Sep 2007, 1162-1170.
- Kuttuva, M., Boian, R., Merians, A., Burdea, G., Bouzit, M., Lewis, J., et al. (2006). The Rutgers Arm, a rehabilitation system in virtual reality: A pilot study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 148-151.
- Kwon, O. N., Kim, S. H., & Kim, Y. (2002). Enhancing spatial visualization through virtual reality (VR) on the web: Software design and impact analysis: Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching Vol 21(2) 2002, 17-31.
- Kwon, S.-J., Chun, J.-H., Bae, J.-H., & Suh, M.-W. (2006). A Study on the Factors That Improve the Velocity Perception of a Virtual Reality-Based Vehicle Simulator: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction Vol 21(1) 2006, 39-54.
- Lam, Y. S., Man, D. W. K., Tam, S. F., & Weiss, P. L. (2006). Virtual reality training for stroke rehabilitation: NeuroRehabilitation Vol 21(3) 2006, 245-253.
- Lambrey, S., & Berthoz, A. (2003). Combination of conflicting visual and non-visual information for estimating actively performed body turns in virtual reality: International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol 50(1-2) Oct 2003, 101-115.
- Lambrey, S., Viaud-Delmon, I., & Berthoz, A. (2002). Influence of a sensorimotor conflict on the memorization of a path traveled in virtual reality: Cognitive Brain Research Vol 14(1) Jun 2002, 177-186.
- Larsson, P., Vastfjall, D., & Kleiner, M. (2001). The actor-observer effect in virtual reality presentations: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(2) Apr 2001, 239-246.
- Lauria, R. (1997). Virtual reality: An empirical-metaphysical testbed: Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication Vol 3(2) Sep 1997, No Pagination Specified.
- Lawrence, J. (1997). Review of Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 42 (2), Feb, 1997.
- Leclaire, M. (2003). The 'mad scientists': Psychoanalysis, dream and virtual reality: International Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 84(2) Apr 2003, 331-346.
- Lee, J. H., Ku, J., Cho, W., Hahn, W. Y., Kim, I. Y., Lee, S.-M., et al. (2003). A virtual reality system for the assessment and rehabilitation of the activities of daily living: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(4) Aug 2003, 383-388.
- Lee, J. H., Ku, J., Kim, K., Kim, B., Kim, I. Y., Yang, B.-H., et al. (2003). Experimental Application of Virtual Reality for Nicotine Craving through Cue Exposure: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(3) Jun 2003, 275-280.
- Lee, J. M., Ku, J. H., Jang, D. P., Kim, D. H., Choi, Y. H., Kim, I. Y., et al. (2002). Virtual reality system for treatment of the fear of public speaking using image-based rendering and moving pictures: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(3) Jun 2002, 191-195.
- Lee, K. C., & Chung, N. (2008). Empirical analysis of consumer reaction to the virtual reality shopping mall: Computers in Human Behavior Vol 24(1) Jan 2008, 88-104.
- Lee, O., & Oh, J.-E. (2007). The impact of virtual reality functions of a hotel website on travel anxiety: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 10(4) Aug 2007, 584-586.
- Legeron, P., Roy, S., Klinger, E., Chemin, I., Lauer, F., Andre, C., et al. (2003). Virtual reality therapy in social phobia: Preliminary study with 36 patients: Journal de Therapie Comportementale et Cognitive Vol 13(3) Sep 2003, 113-127.
- Lengenfelder, J., Schultheis, M. T., Al-Shihabi, T., Mourant, R., & DeLuca, J. (2002). Divided attention and driving: A pilot study using virtual reality technology: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation Vol 17(1) Feb 2002, 26-37.
- Leocani, L., Comi, E., Annovazzi, P., Rovaris, M., Rossi, P., Cursi, M., et al. (2007). Impaired short-term motor learning in multiple sclerosis: Evidence from virtual reality: Neurorehabilitation & Neural Repair Vol 21(3) Sep 2007, 273-278.
- Levinson, A. J., Weaver, B., Garside, S., McGinn, H., & Norman, G. R. (2007). Virtual reality and brain anatomy: A randomised trial of e-learning instructional designs: Medical Education Vol 41(5) May 2007, 495-501.
- Lewis, C. H., & Griffin, M. J. (1997). Human factors consideration in clinical applications of virtual reality. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Lewis, J. A., Deutsch, J. E., & Burdea, G. (2006). Usability of the remote console for virtual reality telerehabilitation: Formative evaluation: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 142-147.
- Li, T. (2005). The Application of Virtual Reality in Psychotherapy: Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 13(2) May 2005, 243, 244-246.
- Lisewski, A. M. (2006). The concept of strong and weak virtual reality: Minds and Machines Vol 16(2) May 2006, 201-219.
- Liu, L., Miyazaki, M., & Watson, B. (1999). Norms and validyt of the DriVR: A virtual reality driving assessment for persons with head injuries: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(1) Feb 1999, 53-67.
- Lott, A., Bisson, E., Lajoie, Y., McComas, J., & Sveistrup, H. (2003). The effect of two types of virtual reality on voluntary center of pressure displacement: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(5) Oct 2003, 477-485.
- Luo, J. S. (2007). Virtual reality therapy: On your desktop today: Primary Psychiatry Vol 14(4) Apr 2007, 20-22.
- Macedonio, M. F., Parsons, T. D., Digiuseppe, R. A., Weiderhold, B. K., & Rizzo, A. A. (2007). Immersiveness and physiological arousal within panoramic video-based virtual reality: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 10(4) Aug 2007, 508-515.
- Maltbie, C. V. (2001). Social and cognitive effects of using a virtual reality environment in a university art course. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Maltby, N., Kirsch, I., Mayers, M., & Allen, G. J. (2002). Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of fear of flying: A controlled investigation: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol 70(5) Oct 2002, 1112-1118.
- Mantovani, F., Castelnuovo, G., Gaggioli, A., & Riva, G. (2003). Virtual reality training for health-care professionals: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(4) Aug 2003, 389-395.
- Marc, J., Belkacem, N., & Marsot, J. (2007). Virtual reality: A design tool for enhanced consideration of usability "validation elements." Safety Science Vol 45(5) Jun 2007, 589-601.
- Martin, H. V., Botella, C., Garcia-Palacios, A., & Osma, J. (2007). Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia: A case study: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice Vol 14(1) Feb 2007, 58-69.
- Mason, A. H. (2007). An experimental study on the role of graphical information about hand movement when interacting with objects in virtual reality environments: Interacting with Computers Vol 19(3) May 2007, 370-381.
- Mast, F. W., & Oman, C. M. (2004). Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment: Swiss Journal of Psychology/Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Psychologie/Revue Suisse de Psychologie Vol 63(3) Sep 2004, 143-149.
- Mathiak, K., Hertrich, I., Kincses, W. E., Riecker, A., Lutzenberger, W., & Ackermann, H. (2003). The right supratemporal plane hears the distance of objects: Neuromagnetic correlates of virtual reality: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 14(3) Mar 2003, 307-311.
- McComas, J., MacKay, M., & Pivik, J. (2002). Effectiveness of virtual reality for teaching pedestrian safety: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(3) Jun 2002, 185-190.
- McComas, J., Pivik, J., & Laflamme, M. (1998). Children's transfer of spatial learning from virtual reality to real environments: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(2) Sum 1998, 121-128.
- McComas, J., Pivik, J., & Laflamme, M. (1998). Current uses of virtual reality for children with disabilities. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- McKenzie, F., Scerbo, M., Catanzaro, J., & Phillips, M. (2003). Nonverbal indicators of malicious intent: Affective components for interrogative virtual reality training: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Vol 59(1-2) Jul 2003, 237-244.
- Meister, J. A. (2000). Individual perceptions of team learning experiences using video-based or virtual reality environments. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Mendozzi, L., Motta, A., Barbieri, E., Alpini, D., & Pugnetti, L. (1998). The application of virtual reality to document coping deficits after a stroke: Report of a case: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(1) Spr 1998, 79-91.
- Meneghini, A. (2003). Virtual reality in physical rehabilitation. Lengerich, Germany: Pabst Science Publishers.
- Merians, A. S., Poizner, H., Boian, R., Burdea, G., & Adamovich, S. (2006). Sensorimotor Training in a Virtual Reality Environment: Does It Improve Functional Recovery Poststroke? : Neurorehabilitation & Neural Repair Vol 20(2) Jun 2006, 252-267.
- Mertens, R. (2006). The role of psychophysiology in forensic assessments: Deception detection, ERPs and virtual reality mock crime scenarios. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Mertens, R., & Allen, J. J. B. (2008). The role of psychophysiology in forensic assessments: Deception detection, ERPs, and virtual reality mock crime scenarios: Psychophysiology Vol 45(2) Mar 2008, 286-298.
- Mills, S., & de Araujo, M. M. T. (1999). Learning through virtual reality: A preliminary investigation: Interacting with Computers Vol 11(4) Apr 1999, 453-462.
- Mohler, J. L. (2000). Desktop virtual reality for the enhancement of visualization skills: Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Vol 9(2) 2000, 151-165.
- Moizumi, S., Yamamoto, S., & Kitazawa, S. (2007). Referral of tactile stimuli to action points in virtual reality with reaction force: Neuroscience Research Vol 59(1) Sep 2007, 60-67.
- Moline, J. (1997). Virtual reality for health care: A survey. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Montgomery, F. H., Leu, M. C., Montgomery, R. L., Nelson, M. D., & Sirdeshmukh, M. (2006). Use of a Virtual Reality Driving Simulator as an Alcohol Abuse Prevention Approach with College Students: Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education Vol 50(3) Sep 2006, 31-40.
- Mon-Williams, M., & Wann, J. P. (1998). Binocular virtual reality displays: When problems do and don't occur: Human Factors Vol 40(1) Mar 1998, 42-49.
- Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. E. (2002). Learning science in virtual reality multimedia environments: Role of methods and media: Journal of Educational Psychology Vol 94(3) Sep 2002, 598-610.
- Morie, J. F., Iyer, K., Luigi, D.-P., Williams, J., Dozois, A., & Rizzo, A. (2005). Development of a Data Management Tool for Investigating Multivariate Space and Free Will Experiences in Virtual Reality: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Vol 30(3) Sep 2005, 319-331.
- Moser, U., & Stompe, T. (2006). Delusion: Microworlds of virtual reality: Psyche: Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen Vol 60(8) Aug 2006, 730-762.
- Mraz, R., Hong, J., Quintin, G., Staines, W. R., McIlroy, W. E., Zakzanis, K. K., et al. (2003). A platform for combining virtual reality experiments with functional magnetic resonance imaging: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(4) Aug 2003, 359-368.
- Muhlberger, A., Bulthoff, H. H., Wiedemann, G., & Pauli, P. (2007). Virtual reality for the psychophysiological assessment of phobic fear: Responses during virtual tunnel driving: Psychological Assessment Vol 19(3) Sep 2007, 340-346.
- Muhlberger, A., Herrmann, M. J., Wiedemann, G., Ellgring, H., & Pauli, P. (2001). Repeated exposure of flight phobics to flights in virtual reality: Behaviour Research and Therapy Vol 39(9) Sep 2001, 1033-1050.
- Muhlberger, A., Weik, A., Pauli, P., & Wiedemann, G. (2006). One-session virtual reality exposure treatment for fear of flying: 1-year follow-up and graduation flight accompaniment effects: Psychotherapy Research Vol 16(1) Jan 2006, 26-40.
- Muhlberger, A., Wiedemann, G., & Pauli, P. (2003). Efficacy of a one-session virtual reality exposure treatment for fear of flying: Psychotherapy Research Vol 13(3) Sep 2003, 323-336.
- Murata, A. (2004). Effects of Duration of Immersion in a Virtual Reality Environment on Postural Stability: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction Vol 17(4) 2004, 463-477.
- Murray, C. D., Fox, J., & Pettifer, S. (2007). Absorption, dissociation, locus of control and presence in virtual reality: Computers in Human Behavior Vol 23(3) May 2007, 1347-1354.
- Murray, C. D., & Gordon, M. S. (2001). Changes in bodily awareness induced by immersive virtual reality: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(3) Jun 2001, 365-371.
- Murray, C. D., Patchick, E., Pettifer, S., Caillette, F., & Howard, T. (2006). Immersive virtual reality as a rehabilitative technology for phantom limb experience: A protocol: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 167-170.
- Murray, C. D., Pettifer, S., Howard, T., Patchick, E. L., Caillette, F., Kulkarni, J., et al. (2007). The treatment of phantom limb pain using immersive virtual reality: Three case studies: Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 29(18) Sep 2007, 1465-1469.
- Murray, C. D., & Sixsmith, J. (1999). The corporeal body in virtual reality: Ethos Vol 27(3) Sep 1999, 315-343.
- Murray, M. R. (2004). An exploration of the kinesthetic learning modality and virtual reality in a web environment (Brazil). Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Myers, R. L., & Bierig, T. (2000). Virtual reality and left hemineglect: A technology for assessment and therapy: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 465-468.
- Nemire, K., Beil, J., & Swan, R. W. (1999). Preventing teen smoking with virtual reality: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(1) Feb 1999, 35-47.
- Neubeck, A.-K., & Neubeck, B. (1998). Virtual reality as a support system for psychodynamic treatment: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(4) 1998, 341-345.
- Nichols, S., & Patel, H. (2002). Health and safety implications of virtual reality: A review of empirical evidence: Applied Ergonomics Vol 33(3) May 2002, 251-271.
- Nicholson, D. T., Chalk, C., Funnell, W. R. J., & Daniel, S. J. (2006). Can virtual reality improve anatomy education? A randomised controlled study of a computer-generated three-dimensional anatomical ear model: Medical Education Vol 40(11) Nov 2006, 1081-1087.
- North, M. M., North, S. M., & Coble, J. R. (1997). Virtual reality therapy for fear of flying: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 154(1) Jan 1997, 130.
- North, M. M., North, S. M., & Coble, J. R. (1997). Virtual reality therapy: An effective treatment for psychological disorders. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- North, M. M., North, S. M., & Coble, J. R. (1998). Virtual reality therapy: An effective treatment for phobias. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- North, M. M., North, S. M., & Coble, J. R. (2002). Virtual reality therapy: An effective treatment for psychological disorders. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Nyberg, L., Lundin-Olsson, L., Sondell, B., Backman, A., Holmlund, K., Eriksson, S., et al. (2006). Using a Virtual Reality System to Study Balance and Walking in a Virtual Outdoor Environment: A Pilot Study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(4) Aug 2006, 388-395.
- Ohsuga, M., & Oyama, H. (1998). Possibility of virtual reality for mental care. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Optale, G., Chierichetti, F., Munari, A., Nasta, A., Pianon, C., Viggiano, G., et al. (1999). PET supports the hypothesized existence of a male sexual brain algorithm that may respond to treatment combining psychotherapy with virtual reality: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(2) Apr 1999, 157-159.
- Orman, E. K. (2004). Effect of Virtual Reality Graded Exposure on Anxiety Levels of Performing Musicians: A Case Study: Journal of Music Therapy Vol 41(1) Spr 2004, 70-78.
- Othmer, S., & Kaiser, D. (2000). Implementation of virtual reality in EEG biofeedback: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 415-420.
- Oyama, H. (1997). Virtual reality for the palliative care of cancer. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Oyama, H. (1998). Clinical applications of virtual reality for palliative medicine: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(1) Spr 1998, 53-58.
- Oyama, H. (1998). Virtual reality for palliative medicine. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Padgett, L. S., Strickland, D., & Coles, C. D. (2006). Case Study: Using a Virtual Reality Computer Game to Teach Fire Safety Skills to Children Diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Journal of Pediatric Psychology Vol 31(1) Jan-Feb 2006, 65-70.
- Park, C.-H., Jang, G., & Chai, Y.-H. (2006). Development of a Virtual Reality Training System for Live-Line Workers: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction Vol 20(3) 2006, 285-303.
- Park, J., Carter, G., Butler, S., Slykhuis, D., & Reid-Griffin, A. (2008). Re-dimensional thinking in Earth science: From 3-D virtual reality panoramas to 2-D contour maps: Journal of Interactive Learning Research Vol 19(1) 2008, 75-90.
- Parsons, S., & Mitchell, P. (2002). The potential of virtual reality in social skills training for people with autistic spectrum disorders: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Vol 46(5) Jun 2002, 430-443.
- Parsons, T. D., Bowerly, T., Buckwalter, J. G., & Rizzo, A. A. (2007). A controlled clinical comparison of attention performance in children with ADHD in a virtual reality classroom compared to standard neuropsychological methods: Child Neuropsychology Vol 13(4) 2007, 363-381.
- Paschall, M. J., Fishbein, D. H., Hubal, R. C., & Eldreth, D. (2005). Psychometric properties of virtual reality vignette performance measures: A novel approach for assessing adolescents' social competency skills: Health Education Research Vol 20(1) Jan 2005, 61-70.
- Pasqualotti, A., & Freitas, C. M. D. S. (2002). MAT-super(3D): A virtual reality modeling language environment for the teaching and learning of mathematics: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(5) Oct 2002, 409-422.
- Pasquinelli, E. (2003). Objects and presence in virtual reality: Sistemi Intelligenti Vol 15(3) Dec 2003, 475-491.
- Passig, D., & Eden, S. (2000). Enhancing the induction skill of deaf and hard-of-hearing children with virtual reality technology: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education Vol 5(3) Sum 2000, 277-285.
- Passig, D., & Eden, S. (2000). Improving flexible thinking in deaf and hard of hearing children with virtual reality technology: American Annals of the Deaf Vol 145(3) Jul 2000, 286-291.
- Passig, D., & Eden, S. (2001). Virtual reality as a tool for improving spatial rotation among deaf and hard-of-hearing children: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(6) Dec 2001, 681-686.
- Passig, D., Klein, P., & Noyman, T. (2001). Awareness of toddlers' initial cognitive experiences with virtual reality: Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Vol 17(4) Dec 2001, 332-344.
- Patterson, D. R., Hoffman, H. G., Palacios, A. G., & Jensen, M. J. (2006). Analgesic Effects of Posthypnotic Suggestions and Virtual Reality Distraction on Thermal Pain: Journal of Abnormal Psychology Vol 115(4) Nov 2006, 834-841.
- Patterson, D. R., Tininenko, J. R., Schmidt, A. E., & Sharar, S. R. (2004). Virtual Reality Hypnosis: A Case Report: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Vol 52(1) Jan 2004, 27-38.
- Patterson, D. R., Wiechman, S. A., Jensen, M., & Sharar, S. R. (2006). Hypnosis delivered through immersive virtual reality for burn pain: A clinical case series: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Vol 54(2) Apr 2006, 130-142.
- Perez, R. S., Gray, W., & Reynolds, T. (2006). Virtual Reality and Simulators: Implications for Web-Based Education and Training. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Perpina, C., Banos, R., Botella, C., & Marco, J. H. (2001). Virtual Reality as a therapeutic tool: A case study on body image alteration in eating disorders: Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica Vol 10(3) Nov 2001, 227-241.
- Perpina, C., Botella, C., Banos, R., Marco, H., Alcaniz, M., & Quero, S. (1999). Body image and virtual reality in eating disorders: Is exposure to virtual reality more effective than the classical body image treatment? : CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(2) Apr 1999, 149-155.
- Perpina, C., Botella, C., & Banos, R. M. (2003). Virtual reality in eating disorders: European Eating Disorders Review Vol 11(3) May-Jun 2003, 261-278.
- Perpina, C., Marco, J. H., Botella, C., & Banos, R. (2004). Treatment of body image in eating disorders through cognitive-behavioral treatment supported by virtual reality: Results of one-year follow-up: Psicologia Conductual Revista Internacional de Psicologia Clinica de las Salud Vol 12(3) 2004, 519-537.
- Petersen, A., & Bente, G. (2001). Virtual reality experience: Situational and technological determinants: Zeitschrift fur Medienpsychologie Vol 13(3) 2001, 138-145.
- Pierce, C. A., & Aguinis, H. (1997). Using virtual reality technology in organizational behavior research: Journal of Organizational Behavior Vol 18(5) Sep 1997, 407-410.
- Pivik, J., McComas, J., Macfarlane, I., & Laflamme, M. (2002). Using virtual reality to teach disability awareness: Journal of Educational Computing Research Vol 26(2) 2002, 203-218.
- Plante, T. G., Aldridge, A., Bogden, R., & Hanelin, C. (2003). Might virtual reality promote the mood benefits of exercise? : Computers in Human Behavior Vol 19(4) Jul 2003, 495-509.
- Plante, T. G., Aldridge, A., Su, D., Bogdan, R., Belo, M., & Kahn, K. (2003). Does Virtual Reality Enhance the Management of Stress When Paired With Exercise? An Exploratory Study: International Journal of Stress Management Vol 10(3) Aug 2003, 203-216.
- Plante, T. G., Cage, C., Clements, S., & Stover, A. (2006). Psychological Benefits of Exercise Paired With Virtual Reality: Outdoor Exercise Energizes Whereas Indoor Virtual Exercise Relaxes: International Journal of Stress Management Vol 13(1) Feb 2006, 108-117.
- Plante, T. G., Frazier, S., Tittle, A., Babula, M., Ferlic, E., & Riggs, E. (2003). Does virtual reality enhance the psychological benefits of exercise? : Journal of Human Movement Studies Vol 45(6) 2003, 485-507.
- Price, M., & Anderson, P. (2007). The role of presence in virtual reality exposure therapy: Journal of Anxiety Disorders Vol 21(5) 2007, 742-751.
- Psotka, J. (1995). Immersive training systems: Virtual reality and education and training: Instructional Science Vol 23(5-6) 1995, 405-431.
- Pugnetti, L., Mendozzi, L., Attree, E. A., Barbieri, E., Brooks, B. M., Cazzullo, C. L., et al. (1998). Probing memory and executive functions with virtual reality: Past and present studies: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(2) Sum 1998, 151-161.
- Pull, C. B. (2005). Current status of virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: Current Opinion in Psychiatry Vol 18(1) Jan 2005, 7-14.
- Raybourn, E. M. (1999). An intercultural computer-based multi-user simulation supporting participant exploration of identity and power in a text-based networked virtual reality: Domecity(TM)MOO. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Ready, D. J., Pollack, S., Rothbaum, B. O., & Alarcon, R. D. (2006). Virtual reality exposure for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma Vol 12(1-2) 2006, 199-220.
- Regan, E. C. (1995). Some evidence of adaptation to immersion in virtual reality: Displays Vol 16(3) Jul 1995, 135-139.
- Reid, D. (2002). Virtual reality and the person-environment experience: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(6) Dec 2002, 559-564.
- Reid, D. (2004). The influence of virtual reality on playfulness in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study: Occupational Therapy International Vol 11(3) 2004, 131-144.
- Reid, D., & Hirji, T. (2003). The Influence of a Virtual Reality Leisure Intervention Program on the Motivation of Older Adult Stroke Survivors: A Pilot Study: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics Vol 21(4) 2003, 1-19.
- Renaud, P., Rouleau, J. L., Granger, L., Barsetti, I., & Bouchard, S. (2002). Measuring sexual preference in virtual reality: A pilot study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(1) Feb 2002, 1-9.
- Riecke, B. E., Cunningham, D. W., & Bulthoff, H. H. (2007). Spatial updating in virtual reality: The sufficiency of visual information: Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung Vol 71(3) May 2007, 298-313.
- Riecke, B. E., Schulte-Pelkum, J., Avraamides, M. N., Von Der Heyde, M., & Bulthoff, H. H. (2006). Cognitive factors can influence self-motion perception (vection) in virtual reality: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception Vol 3(3) Jul 2006, 194-216.
- Riva, G. (1997). Virtual reality as assessment tool in psychology. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Riva, G. (1997). Virtual reality in neuro-psycho-physiology: Cognitive, clinical and methodological issues in assessment and rehabilitation. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Riva, G. (1998). Modifications of body-image induced by virtual reality: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 86(1) Feb 1998, 163-170.
- Riva, G. (1998). Virtual Environment for Body Image Modification: Virtual reality system for the treatment of body image disturbances: Computers in Human Behavior Vol 14(3) Aug 1998, 477-490.
- Riva, G. (1998). Virtual reality iin psychological assessment: The Body Image Virtual Reality Scale: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(1) Spr 1998, 37-44.
- Riva, G. (1998). Virtual reality in neuroscience: A survey. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Riva, G. (1998). Virtual reality in paraplegia: A VR-enhanced orthopaedic appliance for walking and rehabilitation. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Riva, G. (1998). Virtual reality vs. virtual body: The use of virtual environments in the treatment of body experience disturbances: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(2) Sum 1998, 129-138.
- Riva, G. (2000). Virtual reality in rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries: A case report: Rehabilitation Psychology Vol 45(1) Feb 2000, 81-88.
- Riva, G. (2001). Virtual reality as communication tool: A socio-cognitive analysis. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Riva, G. (2002). Virtual reality for health care: The status of research: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(3) Jun 2002, 219-225.
- Riva, G. (2005). Virtual Reality in Psychotherapy: Review: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 8(3) Jun 2005, 220-230.
- Riva, G., Alcaniz, M., Anolli, L., Bacchetta, M., Banos, R., Beltrame, F., et al. (2001). The VEPSY Update Project: Virtual reality in clinical psychology: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(4) Aug 2001, 449-455.
- Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., Cirillo, G., & Molinari, E. (2000). Virtual reality environment for body image modification: A multidimensional therapy for the treatment of body image in obesity and related pathologies: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 421-431.
- Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., & Molinari, E. (2001). Virtual reality-based multidimensional therapy for the treatment of body image disturbances in obesity: A controlled study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(4) Aug 2001, 511-526.
- Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., Rinaldi, S., & Molinari, E. (1999). Virtual reality based experiential cognitive treatment of anorexia nervosa: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry Vol 30(3) Sep 1999, 221-230.
- Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., Rinaldi, S., Vincelli, F., & Molinari, E. (2000). Virtual reality and the treatment of eating disorders: Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale Vol 6(2) 2000, 173-184.
- Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Cesa, G., Conti, S., & Molinari, E. (2001). Virtual reality and telemedicine based experiential cognitive therapy: Rationale and clinical protocol. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Riva, G., & Gamberini, L. (2001). Virtual reality in telemedicine. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Riva, G., Mantovani, F., Capideville, C. S., Preziosa, A., Morganti, F., Villani, D., et al. (2007). Affective interactions using virtual reality: The link between presence and emotions: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 10(1) Feb 2007, 45-56.
- Riva, G., & Melis, L. (1997). Virtual reality for the treatment of body image disturbances. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Riva, G., Molinari, E., & Vincelli, F. (2001). Virtual reality as communicative medium between patient and therapist. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Riva, G., & Vincelli, F. (2001). Virtual reality as an advanced imaginal system: A new experiential approach for counseling and therapy: International Journal of Action Methods: Psychodrama, Skill Training, and Role Playing Vol 54(2) Sum 2001, 51-64.
- Rivera, R. M. B., Arbona, C. B., Perpina, C., & Castellano, S. Q. (2001). Treatment of fear of flying by means of virtual reality: A case report: Clinica y Salud Vol 12(3) 2001, 391-404.
- Rizzo, A., Rothbaum, B. O., & Graap, K. (2007). Virtual reality applications for the treatment of combat-related PTSD. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
- Rizzo, A. A., Bowerly, T., Buckwalter, J. G., Klimchuk, D., Mitura, R., & Parsons, T. D. (2006). A virtual reality scenario for all seasons: The virtual classroom: CNS Spectrums Vol 11(1) Jan 2006, 35-44.
- Rizzo, A. A., & Buckwalter, J. G. (1997). Virtual reality and cognitive assessment and rehabilitation: The state of the art. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Rizzo, A. A., Buckwalter, J. G., Bowerly, T., van der Zaag, C., Humphrey, L., Neumann, U., et al. (2000). The virtual classroom: A virtual reality environment for the assessment and rehabilitation of attention deficits: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 483-499.
- Rizzo, A. A., Buckwalter, J. G., & Neumann, U. (1997). Virtual reality and cognitive rehabilitation: A brief review of the future: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation Vol 12(6) Dec 1997, 1-15.
- Rizzo, A. A., Buckwalter, J. G., Neumann, U., Kesselman, C., & Thiebaux, M. (1998). Basic issues in the application of virtual reality for the assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive impairment and functional disabilities: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(1) Spr 1998, 59-78.
- Rizzo, A. A., Buckwalter, J. G., Neumann, U., Kesselman, C., Thiebaux, M., Larson, P., et al. (1998). The virtual reality mental rotation spatial skills project: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(2) Sum 1998, 113-119.
- Rizzo, A. A., Schultheis, M., Kerns, K. A., & Mateer, C. (2004). Analysis of assets for virtual reality applications in neuropsychology: Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Vol 14(1-2) Mar-May 2004, 207-239.
- Rizzo, A. A., & Schultheis, M. T. (2002). Expanding the boundaries of psychology: The application of virtual reality: Psychological Inquiry Vol 13(2) Apr 2002, 134-140.
- Rizzo, A. A., Strickland, D., & Bouchard, S. (2004). The Challenge of Using Virtual Reality in Telerehabilitation: Telemedicine Journal and e-Health Vol 10(2) Sum 2004, 184-195.
- Rizzo, A. A., Wiederhold, B., Riva, G., & Van Der Zaag, C. (1998). A bibliography of articles relevant to the application of virtual reality in the mental health field: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(4) 1998, 411-425.
- Rizzo, A. S., Schultheis, M. T., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2002). Ethical issues for the use of virtual reality in the psychological sciences. Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers.
- Roberts, G. L. (2001). Cyberspace and virtual reality as subtle body: A depth psychological and phenomenological perspective on the soul of technology and technology of soul. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., & Renaud, P. (2004). Virtual reality and psychoeducation: Illustration of a promising tool: Revue de Psychoeducation Vol 33(1) 2004, 75-91.
- Rogers Ii, M. B. (1998). Virtual reality in psychotherapy: The MYTHSEEKER software. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Romano, D. M. (2005). Virtual Reality Therapy: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Vol 47(9) Sep 2005, 580.
- Rose, D., & Foreman, N. (1999). Virtual reality: The Psychologist Vol 12(11) Nov 1999, 550-554.
- Rose, F. D., Brooks, B. M., & Rizzo, A. A. (2005). Virtual Reality in Brain Damage Rehabilitation: Review: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 8(3) Jun 2005, 241-262.
- Rosqvist, J., Sundsmo, A., MacLane, C., Cullen, K., Norling, D. C., Davies, M., et al. (2006). Analogue and virtual reality assessment. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
- Rothbaum, B. O. (2006). Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- Rothbaum, B. O. (2006). Virtual reality in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: CNS Spectrums Vol 11(1) Jan 2006, 34.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Anderson, P., Zimand, E., Hodges, L., Lang, D., & Wilson, J. (2006). Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy and Standard (in Vivo) Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Fear of Flying: Behavior Therapy Vol 37(1) Mar 2006, 80-90.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Alarcon, R., Ready, D., Shahar, F., Graap, K., et al. (1999). Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD Vietnam veterans: A case study: Journal of Traumatic Stress Vol 12(2) Apr 1999, 263-271.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Anderson, P. L., Price, L., & Smith, S. (2002). Twelve-month follow-up of virtual reality and standard exposure therapies for the fear of flying: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol 70(2) Apr 2002, 428-432.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., & Kooper, R. (1997). Virtual reality exposure therapy: Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research Vol 6(3) Sum 1997, 219-226.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., & Smith, S. (1999). Virtual reality exposure therapy abbreviated treatment manual: Fear of flying application: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice Vol 6(3) Sum 1999, 234-244.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Smith, S., Lee, J. H., & Price, L. (2000). A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol 68(6) Dec 2000, 1020-1026.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Watson, B. A., Kessler, G. D., & et al. (1996). Virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of fear of flying: A case report: Behaviour Research and Therapy Vol 34(5-6) May-Jun 1996, 477-481.
- Rothbaum, B. O., & Hodges, L. F. (1999). The use of virtual reality exposure in the treatment of anxiety disorders: Behavior Modification Vol 23(4) Oct 1999, 507-525.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L. F., Ready, D., Graap, K., & Alarcon, R. D. (2001). Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 62(8) Aug 2001, 617-622.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Ruef, A. M., Litz, B. T., Han, H., & Hodges, L. (2003). Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy of Combat-Related PTSD: A Case Study Using Psychophysiological Indicators of Outcome: Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 17(2) Sum 2003, 163-177.
- Rothbaum, B. O., Ruef, A. M., Litz, B. T., Han, H., & Hodges, L. (2004). Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy of Combat-Related PTSD: A Case Study Using Psychophysiological Indicators of Outcome. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
- Rovetta, A., Lorini, F., & Canina, M. R. (1997). Virtual reality in the assessment of neuromotor diseases: Measurement of time response in real and virtual environments. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Roy, M. J., Sticha, D. l., Kraus, P. L., & Olsen, D. E. (2006). Simulation and virtual reality in medical education and therapy: A protocol: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 245-247.
- Roy, S. (2003). State of the art of virtual reality therapy (VRT) in phobic disorders: PsychNology Journal Vol 1(2) 2003, 176-183.
- Roy, S., & Legeron, P. (2003). Virtual reality therapy in phobic disorders: Journal de Therapie Comportementale et Cognitive Vol 13(3) Sep 2003, 101-105.
- Ruggeroni, C. (2001). Ethical education with virtual reality: Immersiveness and the knowledge transfer process. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Rushton, S. K., & Riddell, P. M. (1999). Developing visual systems and exposure to virtual reality and stereo displays: Some concerns and speculations about the demands on accommodation and vergence: Applied Ergonomics Vol 30(1) Feb 1999, 69-78.
- Ruskin, P. E. (2005). Review of Virtual Reality Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: Advances in Evaluation and Treatment: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 162(9) Sep 2005, 1772.
- Sakurai, K. (1995). A survey of virtual reality research: From technology to psychology: Japanese Journal of Psychology Vol 66(4) Oct 1995, 296-309.
- Saladin, M. E., Brady, K. T., Graap, K., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2006). A preliminary report on the use of virtual reality technology to elicit craving and cue reactivity in cocaine dependent individuals: Addictive Behaviors Vol 31(10) Oct 2006, 1881-1894.
- Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Slater, M. (2005). From presence to consciousness through virtual reality: Nature Reviews Neuroscience Vol 6(4) Apr 2005, 332-339.
- Satava, R. M., & Jones, S. (2003). Medical applications of virtual reality. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Sato, T. (2001). Application of digital imaging and virtual reality techniques in psychophysical studies: Japanese Journal of Psychonomic Science Vol 19(2) Mar 2001, 113-118.
- Scerbo, M. W., Bliss, J. P., Schmidt, E. A., & Thompson, S. N. (2006). The efficacy of a medical virtual reality simulator for training phlebotomy: Human Factors Vol 48(1) Spr 2006, 72-84.
- Schneider, S. M., Ellis, M., Coombs, W. T., Shonkwiler, E. L., & Folsom, L. C. (2003). Virtual Reality Intervention for Older Women with Breast Cancer: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(3) Jun 2003, 301-307.
- Schneider, S. M., & Hood, L. E. (2007). Virtual reality: A distraction intervention for chemotherapy: Oncology Nursing Forum Vol 34(1) Jan 2007, 39-46.
- Schneider, S. M., & Workman, M. L. (1999). Effects of virtual reality on symptom distress in children receiving chemotherapy: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(2) Apr 1999, 125-134.
- Schroeder, R., Heather, N., & Lee, R. M. (1998). The sacred and the virtual: Religion in multi-user virtual reality: Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication Vol 4(2) Dec 1998, No Pagination Specified.
- Schuemie, M. J., van der Straaten, P., Krijn, M., & van der Mast, C. A. P. G. (2001). Research on presence in virtual reality: A survey: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 4(2) Apr 2001, 183-201.
- Schultheis, M. T., Himelstein, J., & Rizzo, A. A. (2002). Virtual reality and neuropsychology: Upgrading the current tools: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation Vol 17(5) Oct 2002, 378-394.
- Schultheis, M. T., & Rizzo, A. A. (2001). The application of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation: Rehabilitation Psychology Vol 46(3) Aug 2001, 296-311.
- Schuster, S., Strauss, R., & Gotz, K. G. (2002). Virtual reality techniques resolve the visual cues used by fruit flies to evaluate object distances: Current Biology Vol 12(18) Sep 2002, 1591-1594.
- Schwienhorst, K. (2002). The state of VR: A meta-analysis of virtual reality tools in second language acquisition: Computer Assisted Language Learning Vol 15(3) Jul 2002, 221-239.
- Schwienhorst, K. (2002). Why virtual, why environments? Implementing virtual reality concepts in computer-assisted language learning: Simulation & Gaming Vol 33(2) Jun 2002, 196-209.
- Sevilla, J. A. M. (2006). Tactile Virtual Reality: A New Method Applied To Haptic Exploration. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Sheik-Nainar, M. A., & Kaber, D. B. (2007). The utility of a virtual reality locomotion interface for studying gait behavior: Human Factors Vol 49(4) Aug 2007, 696-709.
- Sheik-Nainar, M. A., Kaber, D. B., & Chow, M.-Y. (2005). Control Gain Adaptation in Virtual Reality Mediated Human--Telerobot Interaction: Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Vol 15(3) Sum 2005, 259-274.
- Sidhu, S. M., Selvanathan, N., & Ramesh, S. (2006). CAL student coaching environment and virtual reality in mechanical engineering: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education Vol 2(1) 2006, 12-27.
- Silva, M. R. (2002). Virtual reality in Latin American clinical psychology and the VREPAR project: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(5) Oct 2002, 433-441.
- Simone, L. K., Schultheis, M. T., Rebimbas, J., & Millis, S. R. (2006). Head-Mounted Displays for Clinical Virtual Reality Applications: Pitfalls in Understanding User Behavior while Using Technology: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(5) Oct 2006, 591-602.
- Sisto, S. A., Forrest, G. F., & Glendinning, D. (2002). Virtual reality applications for motor rehabilitation after stroke: Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Vol 8(4) Win 2002, 11-23.
- Slobounov, S., Slobounov, E., & Newell, K. (2006). Application of virtual reality graphics in assessment of concussion: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 188-191.
- Smith, S. G., Rothbaum, B. O., & Hodges, L. (1999). Treatment of fear of flying using virtual reality exposure therapy: A single case study: the Behavior Therapist Vol 22(8) Sep 1999, 154-158, 160.
- Smokowski, P. R., & Hartung, K. (2003). Computer simulation and virtual reality: Enhancing the practice of school social work: Journal of Technology in Human Services Vol 21(1-2) 2003, 5-30.
- Sorkin, A., Weinshall, D., Modai, I., & Peled, A. (2006). Improving the Accuracy of the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia by Means of Virtual Reality: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 163(3) Mar 2006, 512-520.
- Spira, J. L., Pyne, J. M., Wiederhold, B., Wiederhold, M., Graap, K., & Rizzo, A. (2006). Virtual reality and other experiential therapies for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Primary Psychiatry Vol 13(3) Mar 2006, 58-64.
- Standen, P. J., & Brown, D. J. (2005). Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of People with Intellectual Disabilities: Review: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 8(3) Jun 2005, 272-282.
- Stanton, D., Foreman, N., & Wilson, P. N. (1998). Uses of virtual reality in clinical training: Developing the spatial skills of children with mobility impairments. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Steele, E., Grimmer, K., Thomas, B., Mulley, B., Fulton, I., & Hoffman, H. (2003). Virtual reality as a pediatric pain modulation technique: A case study: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(6) Dec 2003, 633-638.
- Steele-Johnson, D., & Hyde, B. G. (1997). Advanced technologies in training: Intelligent tutoring systems and virtual reality. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Steffin, M. (1997). Virtual reality therapy of multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury: Design considerations for a haptic-visual interface. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Steffin, M. (2000). Bridging the gap between "real realaity" and virtual reality: Intelligent human-machine therapeutic interaction in patient videospace: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 447-463.
- Stoermer, R., Mager, R., Roessler, A., Mueller-Spahn, F., & Bullinger, A. H. (2000). Monitoring human-virtual reality interaction: A time series analysis approach: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 401-406.
- Stone, R. (2001). Virtual reality for interactive training: An industrial practitioner's viewpoint: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Vol 55(4) Oct 2001, 699-711.
- Strickland, D. (1997). Virtual reality for the treatment of autism. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Strickland, D., Mesibov, G. B., & Hogan, K. (1996). Two case studies using virtual reality as a learning tool for autistic children: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Vol 26(6) Dec 1996, 651-659.
- Strickland, D. C. (1996). Issues in virtual reality: An application to aid children with autism; a portable head tracker; and cortical brain activity measurements in a virtual world. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Strickland, D. C., McAllister, D., Coles, C. D., & Osborne, S. (2007). An evolution of virtual reality training designs for children with autism and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Topics in Language Disorders Vol 27(3) Jul-Sep 2007, 226-241.
- Stroud, K. J., Harm, D. L., & Klaus, D. M. (2005). Preflight Virtual Reality Training as a Countermeasure for Space Motion Sickness and Disorientation: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Vol 76(4) Apr 2005, 352-356.
- Sullivan, B., Ware, C., & Plumlee, M. (2006). Linking audio and visual information while navigating in a virtual reality kiosk display: Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Vol 15(2) 2006, 217-241.
- Sutcliffe, A. (2003). Multimedia and virtual reality: Designing multisensory user interfaces. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Sutcliffe, A., & Gault, B. (2004). Heuristic evaluation of virtual reality applications: Interacting with Computers Vol 16(4) Aug 2004, 831-849.
- Sutcliffe, A. G., & Kaur, K. D. (2000). Evaluating the usability of virtual reality user interfaces: Behaviour & Information Technology Vol 19(6) Nov-Dec 2000, 415-426.
- Sveistrup, H., McComas, J., Thornton, M., Marshall, S., Finestone, H., McCormick, A., et al. (2003). Experimental Studies of Virtual Reality-Delivered Compared to Conventional Exercise Programs for Rehabilitation: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(3) Jun 2003, 245-249.
- Swann, G. M. P., & Stone, R. J. (2002). Virtually a market? Selling practice and the diffusion of virtual reality. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Tam, S.-F., Man, D. W.-K., Chan, Y.-P., Sze, P.-C., & Wong, C.-M. (2005). Evaluation of a Computer-Assisted, 2-D Virtual Reality System for Training People With Intellectual Disabilities on How to Shop: Rehabilitation Psychology Vol 50(3) Aug 2005, 285-291.
- Tarr, M. J., & Warren, W. H. (2002). Virtual reality in behavioral neurosciences and beyond: Nature Neuroscience Vol 5(Suppl) Nov 2002, 1089-1092.
- Tcheang, L., Gilson, S. J., & Glennerster, A. (2005). Systematic distortions of perceptual stability investigated using immersive virtual reality: Vision Research Vol 45(16) Jul 2005, 2177-2189.
- Thomson, J. A., Tolmie, A. K., Foot, H. C., Whelan, K. M., Sarvary, P., & Morrison, S. (2005). Influence of Virtual Reality Training on the Roadside Crossing Judgments of Child Pedestrians: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied Vol 11(3) Sep 2005, 175-186.
- Tichon, J. (2007). Training cognitive skills in virtual reality: Measuring performance: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 10(2) Apr 2007, 286-289.
- Tichon, J., & Banks, J. (2006). Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy: 150-Degree Screen to Desktop PC: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(4) Aug 2006, 480-488.
- Tichon, J., Loh, J., & King, R. (2004). Psychology Student Opinion of Virtual Reality as a Tool to Educate About Schizophrenia: International Journal on E-Learning Vol 3(4) Oct-Dec 2004, 40-46.
- Tossavainen, T., Juhola, M., Aalto, H., Toppila, E., Pyykko, I., Honkavaara, P., et al. (2001). Postural control as assessed with virtual reality: Acta Oto-Laryngologica Vol 121(6,Suppl545) 2001, 53-56.
- Turkle, S. (1994). Constructions and reconstructions of self in virtual reality: Playing in the MUDs: Mind, Culture, and Activity Vol 1(3) Sum 1994, 158-167.
- Turkle, S. (1997). Constructions and reconstructions of self in virtual reality: Playing in the MUDs. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Turner, J. R., Treiber, F. A., Davis, H., Rectanwald, J., Pipkin, W., & Strong, W. B. (1997). Use of a virtual reality car-driving stressor in cardiovascular reactivity research: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers Vol 29(3) Aug 1997, 386-389.
- Valdes, J. J., & Barton, A. J. (2007). Multi-objective evolutionary optimization for constructing neural networks for virtual reality visual data mining: Application to geophysical prospecting: Neural Networks Vol 20(4) May 2007, 498-508.
- Venema, S. C. (2000). Experiments in surface perception using a fingertip haptic display. (virtual reality). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Viaud-Delmon, I., Ivanenko, Y. P., Berthoz, A., & Jouvent, R. (1998). Sex, lies and virtual reality: Nature Neuroscience Vol 1(1) May 1998, 15-16.
- Viaud-Delmon, I., Warusfel, O., Seguelas, A., Rio, E., & Jouvent, R. (2006). High sensitivity to multisensory conflicts in agoraphobia exhibited by virtual reality: European Psychiatry Vol 21(7) Oct 2006, 501-508.
- Viirre, E., & Ellisman, M. (2003). Vertigo in virtual reality with haptics: Case report: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(4) Aug 2003, 429-431.
- Vincelli, F. (1999). From imagination to virtual reality: The future of clinical psychology: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(3) Jun 1999, 241-248.
- Vincelli, F., & Molinari, E. (1998). Virtual reality and imaginative techniques in clinical psychology. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Vincelli, F., & Riva, G. (2000). Immersive virtual reality in clinical psychology and psychotherapy: Rivista di Psichiatria Vol 35(4) Jul-Aug 2000, 153-162.
- Virvou, M., & Katsionis, G. (2008). On the usability and likeability of virtual reality games for education: The case of VR-ENGAGE: Computers & Education Vol 50(1) Jan 2008, 154-178.
- Vogel, J., Bowers, C., Meehan, C., Hoeft, R., & Bradley, K. (2004). Virtual reality for life skills education: Program evaluation: Deafness & Education International Vol 6(1) 2004, 39-50.
- Vora, J., Nair, S., Gramopadhye, A. K., Duchowski, A. T., Melloy, B. J., & Kanki, B. (2002). Using virtual reality technology for aircraft visual inspection training: Presence and comparison studies: Applied Ergonomics Vol 33(6) Nov 2002, 559-570.
- Wald, J. (2004). Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for driving phobia: A multiple baseline across-subjects design: Behavior Therapy Vol 35(3) Sum 2004, 621-635.
- Wald, J., & Taylor, S. (2000). Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy to treat driving phobia: A case report: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry Vol 31(3-4) Sep-Dec 2000, 249-257.
- Wald, J., & Taylor, S. (2003). Preliminary research on the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy to treat driving phobia: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(5) Oct 2003, 459-465.
- Wald, J. L. (2003). The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy to treat driving phobia. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Wald, J. L., Liu, L., & Reil, S. (2000). Concurrent validity of a virtual reality driving assessment for persons with brain injury: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(4) Aug 2000, 643-654.
- Walker, R. (2001). Virtual reality and adaptive technology. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Walshe, D. G., Lewis, E. J., Kim, S. I., O'Sullivan, K., & Wiederhold, B. K. (2003). Exploring the Use of Computer Games and Virtual Reality in Exposure Therapy for Fear of Driving Following a Motor Vehicle Accident: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(3) Jun 2003, 329-334.
- Walters, V. J., & Oakley, D. A. (2003). Does hypnosis make in vitro, in vivo? Hypnosis as a possible virtual reality context in cognitive behavioral therapy for an environmental phobia: Clinical Case Studies Vol 2(4) Oct 2003, 295-305.
- Weiss, P. L., Bialik, P., & Kizony, R. (2003). Virtual Reality Provides Leisure Time Opportunities for Young Adults with Physical and Intellectual Disabilities: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(3) Jun 2003, 335-342.
- Weiss, P. L., & Ring, H. (2007). Commentary on "Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: Still more virtual than real": Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 29(14) Jul 2007, 1147-1149.
- Whitney, S. L., Sparto, P. J., Hodges, L. F., Babu, S. V., Furman, J. M., & Redfern, M. S. (2006). Responses to a virtual reality grocery store in persons with and without vestibular dysfunction: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 9(2) Apr 2006, 152-156.
- Wiederhold, B. K. (1999). A comparison of imaginal exposure and virtual reality exposure for the treatment of fear of flying. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Wiederhold, B. K., Gevirtz, R., & Wiederhold, M. D. (1998). Fear of flying: A case report using virtual reality therapy with physiological monitoring: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(2) Sum 1998, 97-103.
- Wiederhold, B. K., Gevirtz, R. N., & Spira, J. L. (2001). Virtual reality exposure therapy vs. imagery desensitization therapy in the treatment of flying phobia. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
- Wiederhold, B. K., Jang, D. P., Kim, S. I., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2002). Physiological monitoring as an objective tool in virtual reality therapy: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 5(1) Feb 2002, 77-82.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Rizzo, A. (2005). Virtual Reality and Applied Psychophysiology: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Vol 30(3) Sep 2005, 183-185.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (1998). A review of virtual reality as a psychotherapeutic tool: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 1(1) Spr 1998, 45-52.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (1999). Clinical observations during virtual reality therapy for specific phobias: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 2(2) Apr 1999, 161-168.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2000). Lessons learned from 600 virtual reality sessions: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 3(3) Jun 2000, 393-400.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2003). An Annual Conference to Advance the Use of Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Mental Disorders: Psychiatric Services Vol 54(9) Sep 2003, 1209-1210.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2003). Three-year follow-up for virtual reality exposure for fear of flying: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 6(4) Aug 2003, 441-445.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2005). A Brief History of Virtual Reality Technology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2005). The Effect of Presence on Virtual Reality Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2005). How Treatment Is Conducted at the Virtual Reality Medical Center. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2005). Virtual reality therapy for anxiety disorders: Advances in evaluation and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Wiederhold, M. D., & Wiederhold, B. K. (2007). Virtual reality and interactive simulation for pain distraction: Pain Medicine Vol 8(Suppl 3) Oct 2007, S182-S188.
- Wilcox, L. M., Allison, R. S., Elfassy, S., & Grelik, C. (2006). Personal space in virtual reality: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception Vol 3(4) Oct 2006, 412-428.
- Wilhelm, F. H., Pfaltz, M. C., Gross, J. J., Mauss, I. B., Kim, S. I., & Wiederhold, B. K. (2005). Mechanisms of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy: The Role of the Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Inhibition Systems: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Vol 30(3) Sep 2005, 271-284.
- Wilson, P. N. (1997). Use of virtual reality computing in spatial learning research. Hove, England: Psychology Press/Erlbaum (UK) Taylor & Francis.
- Wilson, P. N., Foreman, N., & Stanton, D. (1997). Virtual reality, disability and rehabilitation: Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 19(6) Jun 1997, 213-220.
- Wismeijer, A. A. J., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2004). Virtual reality and audiovisual distraction as methods for pain reduction during medical procedures: Their potential and limitations: Gedrag & Gezondheid: Tijdschrift voor Psychologie en Gezondheid Vol 32(5) Dec 2004, 311-325.
- Wismeijer, A. A. J., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2005). The use of virtual reality and audiovisual eyeglass systems as adjunct analgesic techniques: A review of the literature: Annals of Behavioral Medicine Vol 30(3) Dec 2005, 268-278.
- Wolitzky, K., Fivush, R., Zimand, E., Hodges, L., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2005). Effectiveness of virtual reality distraction during a painful medical procedure in pediatric oncology patients: Psychology & Health Vol 20(6) Dec 2005, 817-824.
- Wood, D. P., Murphy, J., Center, K., McLay, R., Reeves, D., Pyne, J., et al. (2007). Combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A case report using virtual reality exposure therapy with physiological monitoring: CyberPsychology & Behavior Vol 10(2) Apr 2007, 309-315.
- Woythaler, K. A. (2007). Corrective information increases the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for flight phobia. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Yair, Y., Mintz, R., & Litvak, S. (2001). 3D-virtual reality in science education: An implication for astronomy teaching: Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching Vol 20(3) 2001, 293-305.
- Yamaguchi, T. (2003). Psychological and physiological issues of the medical use of virtual reality. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Yellowlees, P. M., & Cook, J. N. (2006). Education About Hallucinations Using an Internet Virtual Reality System: A Qualitative Survey: Academic Psychiatry Vol 30(6) Nov-Dec 2006, 534-539.
- You, S. H., Jang, S. H., Kim, Y.-H., Kwon, Y.-H., Barrow, I., & Hallett, M. (2005). Cortical reorganization induced by virtual reality therapy in a child with hemiparetic cerebral palsy: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology Vol 47(9) Sep 2005, 628-635.
- Zakzanis, K. K., Mraz, R., Campbell, Z., & Graham, S. J. (2004). Neuropsychological reductionism and a possible solution toward clinical and experimental measurement of real world cognitive function and dysfunction: A case study using virtual reality within a functional magnetic resonance imaging bore: Hellenic Journal of Psychology Vol 1(3) Dec 2004, 326-347.
External Links[]
- Template:HSW
ar:واقع افتراضي
bg:Виртуална реалност
ca:Realitat virtual
cs:Virtuální realita
da:Virtual reality
de:Virtuelle Realität
et:Virtuaalreaalsus
el:Εικονική Πραγματικότητα
es:Realidad virtual
eo:Virtuala realeco
fr:Réalité virtuelle
ko:가상현실
id:Realitas maya
he:מציאות מדומה
mk:Виртуелна реалност
ms:Realiti maya
nl:Virtual reality
no:Kunstig virkelighet
pt:Realidade virtual
ru:Виртуальная реальность
sk:Virtuálna realita
sr:Виртуелна стварност
fi:Virtuaalitodellisuus
sv:Virtuell verklighet
th:ความเป็นจริงเสมือน
vi:Thực tế ảo
uk:Віртуальна реальність
zh:虚拟现实
-->
This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors). |