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Voiced pharyngeal fricative
ʕ
ʕ̝
IPA number 145
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ʕ
Unicode (hex) U+0295
X-SAMPA ?\
Kirshenbaum H<vcd>
Sound
[[File:Template:IPA audio filename| center| 150px]]


[create] Documentation
</noinclude> 
Voiced pharyngeal approximant
ʕ̞
ɑ̯
Sound
[[File:Template:IPA audio filename| center| 150px]]

The voiced pharyngeal approximant or fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʕ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ?\.

Although traditionally placed in the fricative row of the IPA chart, ⟨ʕ⟩ is usually an approximant. The IPA symbol itself is ambiguous, but no language is known to have a distinct fricative and approximant at this place of articulation. The approximant is sometimes specified as ⟨ʕ̞⟩ or as ⟨ɑ̯⟩.

Features[]

Features of the voiced pharyngeal approximant/fricative:

Template:Approximant-fricative Template:Pharyngeal Template:Voiced

Occurrence[]

Pharyngeal consonants are not widespread. Sometimes, a pharyngeal approximant develops from a uvular approximant, as with the rhotic of Danish when it precedes [ɑ]. Many languages claiming to have pharyngeal fricatives or approximants turn out on closer inspection to have epiglottal consonants instead. For example, the candidate ʕ sound in Arabic and standard Hebrew (not modern Hebrew — Israelis of eastern European background generally pronounce this as a glottal stop) has been variously described as a voiced epiglottal fricative, an epiglottal approximant,[1] or a pharyngealized glottal stop.[2]

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic عالم [ʕaːlam] 'world'
Avar гӀоркь [ʕortɬʼː] 'handle'
Berber Kabyle ɛemmi [ʕəmːi] 'my (paternal) uncle ' represented as ⟨â⟩ in most other Berber languages[3]
Chechen Ӏан/jan [ʕan] 'winter'
Hebrew עִבְרִית align="center"|[ʕivˈɾit] 'Hebrew language' Oriental pronunciation; more commonly pronounced Template:IPAblink. See Modern Hebrew phonology
Kurdish ewr [ʕɑwr] 'cloud' Both Sorani and Kurmanji dialects have this sound
Occitan southern Auvergnat pala [ˈpaʕa] 'shovel'
Somali caadi [ʕaːdi] 'normal' See Somali phonology
Sioux Stoney marazhud [maʕazud] 'rain'
Syriac Turoyo ܐܰܪܥܳܐ [arʕo] 'earth (planet)' ʕ is often not pronounced in Eastern Syriac varieties.

See also[]

References[]

Bibliography[]

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